scholarly journals Effects of different sedatives/analgesics on stress responses in patients undergoing craniotomy and bone flap decompression

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 030006052110627
Author(s):  
Qingduo Guo ◽  
Meina Ma ◽  
Qiuying Yang ◽  
Hong Yu ◽  
Xupeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Bone Flap ◽  
Spontaneous Respiration ◽  
Consciousness Disturbance ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Sedation And Analgesia ◽  
Intravenous Medication

Objective To explore the effects of sedation and analgesia with dexmedetomidine and other drugs on the stress response in patients with cerebral hemorrhage after craniotomy hematoma removal and bone flap decompression and insertion of an indwelling endotracheal catheter. Methods A total of 180 patients with cerebral hemorrhage with consciousness disturbance who underwent emergency surgery were included in this study. They were divided into six groups treated with propofol, dexmedetomidine, lidocaine, sufentanil, dezocine, and remifentanil, respectively. Intravenous medication was given after recovery of spontaneous respiration, and stress responses were compared among the group. Results Serum concentrations of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol and systolic blood pressure were significantly correlated with drug treatment. Serum norepinephrine concentrations differed significantly among the groups, except between the sufentanil and propofol groups. There were significant differences in serum epinephrine concentrations among all groups, and significant differences in serum cortisol concentrations among all groups, except the propofol, dexmedetomidine, and lidocaine groups. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can reduce the stress response in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage undergoing emergency craniotomy and bone flap decompression, and can reduce adverse events from an indwelling endotracheal catheter 3 hours post-operation.

Differential Adrenocortical Stress Responses in Naval Aviators during Aircraft Carrier Landing Practice

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Rubin ◽  
Robert G. Miller ◽  
Ransom J. Arthur ◽  
Brian R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Aircraft Carrier ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Naval Aviators ◽  
Adrenocortical Stress Response

Serum Cortisol levels were measured in 9 Navy pilots and their flight officers during aircraft carrier landing practice in the two-man F-4B jet aircraft. The pilots showed an unequivocal adrenocortical stress response; the flight officers did not. The complex and hazardous task of carrier landing appears to be a considerably greater stress on the “executive” naval aviator (the pilot in control of the aircraft) than on his passive partner, although both are exposed to the same dangers. The findings of this study highlight the importance of the active versus the passive role as a determinant of stress intensity in human Ss exposed to naturally occurring stress situations.

Platelet Function in Surgical Stress

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (04) ◽  
pp. 849-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Naesh ◽  
J T Friis ◽  
I Hindberg ◽  
K Winther
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Pulmonary Dysfunction ◽  
Arterial Po2 ◽  
Elective Cholecystectomy ◽  
Serum Cortisol Concentration

SummaryTen patients for elective cholecystectomy were studied pre-, per- and postoperatively. All had neurolept anesthesia. Plasma concentrations of β-TG, TXB2 and 5-HT and intraplatelet 5-HT were measured. Aggregation to ADP was recorded.Serum cortisol concentration was used as index of the stress response, showing peroperative increase and postoperative decrease. Closely related to this we observed a significant increase in P-β-TG and P-TXB2 with postoperative normalization in 6 patients without complications. P-5-HT had a peak peropera-tively and remained elevated postoperatively. A negative correlation between P--5-HT and decreasing intraplatelet 5-HT postoperatively was observed.High postoperative levels of P--5-HT seem to be related to low arterial Po2 and pulmonary dysfunction. In 3 patients with complications a second increase in P-β-TG, P-TXB2 and partly in P--5-HT was found. Platelets were temporarily refractory to ADP immediately following surgery and showed increased aggregabil-ity postoperatively. We conclude that platelets are activated in surgical stress.

scholarly journals Flavonoids: Potential Candidates for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Shweta Devi ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Singh ◽  
Ashish Kant Dubey ◽  
Jong-Joo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Cellular Stress ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cellular Stress Response ◽  
Dramatic Rise ◽  
Cellular Stress Responses

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington’s disease (HD), are the most concerning disorders due to the lack of effective therapy and dramatic rise in affected cases. Although these disorders have diverse clinical manifestations, they all share a common cellular stress response. These cellular stress responses including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, proteotoxicity, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress, which combats with stress conditions. Environmental stress/toxicity weakened the cellular stress response which results in cell damage. Small molecules, such as flavonoids, could reduce cellular stress and have gained much attention in recent years. Evidence has shown the potential use of flavonoids in several ways, such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic, yet their mechanism is still elusive. This review provides an insight into the potential role of flavonoids against cellular stress response that prevent the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals Environmental Conditions Modulate the Transcriptomic Response of Both Caulobacter crescentus Morphotypes to Cu Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
Laurens Maertens ◽  
Pauline Cherry ◽  
Françoise Tilquin ◽  
Rob Van Houdt ◽  
Jean-Yves Matroule
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Swarmer Cell ◽  
Cu Stress ◽  
Cellular Environment

Bacteria encounter elevated copper (Cu) concentrations in multiple environments, varying from mining wastes to antimicrobial applications of copper. As the role of the environment in the bacterial response to Cu ion exposure remains elusive, we used a tagRNA-seq approach to elucidate the disparate responses of two morphotypes of Caulobacter crescentus NA1000 to moderate Cu stress in a complex rich (PYE) medium and a defined poor (M2G) medium. The transcriptome was more responsive in M2G, where we observed an extensive oxidative stress response and reconfiguration of the proteome, as well as the induction of metal resistance clusters. In PYE, little evidence was found for an oxidative stress response, but several transport systems were differentially expressed, and an increased need for histidine was apparent. These results show that the Cu stress response is strongly dependent on the cellular environment. In addition, induction of the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor SigF and its regulon was shared by the Cu stress responses in both media, and its central role was confirmed by the phenotypic screening of a sigF::Tn5 mutant. In both media, stalked cells were more responsive to Cu stress than swarmer cells, and a stronger basal expression of several cell protection systems was noted, indicating that the swarmer cell is inherently more Cu resistant. Our approach also allowed for detecting several new transcription start sites, putatively indicating small regulatory RNAs, and additional levels of Cu-responsive regulation.

scholarly journals Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Perioperative Stress Response and Immune Function in Patients With Tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153303382097754
Author(s):  
Lihong Zheng ◽  
Juan Zhao ◽  
Likun Zheng ◽  
Shuangfeng Jing ◽  
Xiaoting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Spontaneous Respiration ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Group D ◽  
Perioperative Stress

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on perioperative stress response and immune function in patients with tumors. Methods: Sixty patients who underwent selective radical gastrectomy for cancer were randomly divided into 3 groups: remifentanil group (group R), dexmedetomidine group (group D), and sufentanil group (group S). Remifentanil, dexmedetomidine, and sufentanil were used as general anesthetics. Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were performed after the spontaneous respiration disappeared. Then, the data were recorded, and blood samples were collected at all time points. Results: The heart rate significantly increased ( P < 0.05) at T1 in group S, and both heart rate and mean arterial pressure significantly increased ( P < 0.05) in group R when compared to group D. The heart rate significantly increased ( P < 0.05) at T2 in group S and group R. Furthermore, the heart rate significantly increased ( P < 0.05) at T3 and T4 in group S and group R. Intra-group comparison: The heart rate at T1–T4 and mean arterial pressure at T1–T4 significantly increased ( P < 0.05) in group S, and the heart rate at T1 and T4, and mean arterial pressure at T2–T4 significantly increased ( P < 0.05) in group R when compared to T0. The serum IL-6, IFN-γ, and β-EP significantly increased ( P < 0.05) at T0’ in group S and group R when compared to group D. Blood glucose, and serum IL-10, IFN-γ, and β-EP significantly increased ( P < 0.05), while IL-18 significantly decreased ( P < 0.05) at T1’ in group S and group R. Conclusion: Continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine in combination with the inhalation of sevoflurane is superior to sevoflurane + remifentanil or sufentanil in patients undergoing tumor surgery.

Clade III cytokinin response factors share common roles in response to oxidative stress responses linked to cytokinin synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 3294-3306
Author(s):  
Ariel M Hughes ◽  
H Tucker Hallmark ◽  
Lenka Plačková ◽  
Ondrej Novák ◽  
Aaron M Rashotte
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Ontology Term ◽  
Regulated Expression ◽  
Cytokinin Response ◽  
Oxidative Stress Responses

Abstract Cytokinin response factors (CRFs) are transcription factors that are involved in cytokinin (CK) response, as well as being linked to abiotic stress tolerance. In particular, oxidative stress responses are activated by Clade III CRF members, such as AtCRF6. Here we explored the relationships between Clade III CRFs and oxidative stress. Transcriptomic responses to oxidative stress were determined in two Clade III transcription factors, Arabidopsis AtCRF5 and tomato SlCRF5. AtCRF5 was required for regulated expression of &gt;240 genes that are involved in oxidative stress response. Similarly, SlCRF5 was involved in the regulated expression of nearly 420 oxidative stress response genes. Similarities in gene regulation by these Clade III members in response to oxidative stress were observed between Arabidopsis and tomato, as indicated by Gene Ontology term enrichment. CK levels were also changed in response to oxidative stress in both species. These changes were regulated by Clade III CRFs. Taken together, these findings suggest that Clade III CRFs play a role in oxidative stress response as well as having roles in CK signaling.

scholarly journals Stress Responses in Down Syndrome Neurodegeneration: State of the Art and Therapeutic Molecules

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Chiara Lanzillotta ◽  
Fabio Di Domenico
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Chromosome 21 ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Genomic Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Early Alzheimer’S Disease

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genomic disorder characterized by the increased incidence of developing early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In DS, the triplication of genes on chromosome 21 is intimately associated with the increase of AD pathological hallmarks and with the development of brain redox imbalance and aberrant proteostasis. Increasing evidence has recently shown that oxidative stress (OS), associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and with the failure of antioxidant responses (e.g., SOD1 and Nrf2), is an early signature of DS, promoting protein oxidation and the formation of toxic protein aggregates. In turn, systems involved in the surveillance of protein synthesis/folding/degradation mechanisms, such as the integrated stress response (ISR), the unfolded stress response (UPR), and autophagy, are impaired in DS, thus exacerbating brain damage. A number of pre-clinical and clinical studies have been applied to the context of DS with the aim of rescuing redox balance and proteostasis by boosting the antioxidant response and/or inducing the mechanisms of protein re-folding and clearance, and at final of reducing cognitive decline. So far, such therapeutic approaches demonstrated their efficacy in reverting several aspects of DS phenotype in murine models, however, additional studies aimed to translate these approaches in clinical practice are still needed.

Acute cold stress in rheumatoid arthritis inadequately activates stress responses and induces an increase of interleukin 6

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Straub ◽  
G Pongratz ◽  
H Hirvonen ◽  
T Pohjolainen ◽  
M Mikkelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cold Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sympathetic Stress

Objective:Acute stress in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) should stimulate a strong stress response. After cryotherapy, we expected to observe an increase of hormones of the adrenal gland and the sympathetic nervous system.Methods:A total of 55 patients with RA were recruited for whole-body cryotherapy at −110°C and −60°C, and local cold therapy between −20°C and −30°C for 7 days. We measured plasma levels of steroid hormones, neuropeptide Y (sympathetic marker), and interleukin (IL)6 daily before and after cryotherapy.Results:In both therapy groups with/without glucocorticoids (GC), hormone and IL6 levels at baseline and 5 h after cold stress did not change over 7 days of cryotherapy. In patients without GC, plasma levels of cortisol and androstenedione were highest after −110°C cold stress followed by −60°C or local cold stress. The opposite was found in patients under GC therapy, in whom, unexpectedly, −110°C cold stress elicited the smallest responses. In patients without GC, adrenal cortisol production increased relative to other adrenal steroids, and again the opposite was seen under GC therapy with a loss of cortisol and an increase of dehydroepiandrosterone. Importantly, there was no sympathetic stress response in both groups. Patients without GC and −110°C cold stress demonstrated higher plasma IL6 compared to the other treatment groups (not observed under GC), but they showed the best clinical response.Conclusions:We detected an inadequate stress response in patients with GC. It is further shown that the sympathetic stress response was inadequate in patients with/without GC. Paradoxically, plasma levels of IL6 increased under strong cold stress in patients without GC. These findings confirm dysfunctional stress axes in RA.

scholarly journals Interaction of SOS2 with Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase 2 and Catalases Reveals a Point of Connection between Salt Stress and H2O2 Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 7771-7780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Verslues ◽  
Giorgia Batelli ◽  
Stefania Grillo ◽  
Fernanda Agius ◽  
Yong-Sig Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Oxygen Signaling ◽  
Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase 2

ABSTRACT SOS2, a class 3 sucrose-nonfermenting 1-related kinase, has emerged as an important mediator of salt stress response and stress signaling through its interactions with proteins involved in membrane transport and in regulation of stress responses. We have identified additional SOS2-interacting proteins that suggest a connection between SOS2 and reactive oxygen signaling. SOS2 was found to interact with the H2O2 signaling protein nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 (NDPK2) and to inhibit its autophosphorylation activity. A sos2-2 ndpk2 double mutant was more salt sensitive than a sos2-2 single mutant, suggesting that NDPK2 and H2O2 are involved in salt resistance. However, the double mutant did not hyperaccumulate H2O2 in response to salt stress, suggesting that it is altered signaling rather than H2O2 toxicity alone that is responsible for the increased salt sensitivity of the sos2-2 ndpk2 double mutant. SOS2 was also found to interact with catalase 2 (CAT2) and CAT3, further connecting SOS2 to H2O2 metabolism and signaling. The interaction of SOS2 with both NDPK2 and CATs reveals a point of cross talk between salt stress response and other signaling factors including H2O2.

scholarly journals Make and break the alarmone: regulation of (p)ppGpp synthetase/hydrolase enzymes in bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Séverin Ronneau ◽  
Régis Hallez
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Molecular Devices ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Fluctuating Environments ◽  
Harsh Conditions

ABSTRACTBacteria use dedicated mechanisms to respond adequately to fluctuating environments and to optimize their chances of survival in harsh conditions. One of the major stress responses used by virtually all bacteria relies on the sharp accumulation of an alarmone, the guanosine penta- or tetra-phosphate commonly referred to as (p)ppGpp. Under stressful conditions, essentially nutrient starvation, these second messengers completely reshape the metabolism and physiology by coordinately modulating growth, transcription, translation and cell cycle. As a central regulator of bacterial stress response, the alarmone is also involved in biofilm formation, virulence, antibiotics tolerance and resistance in many pathogenic bacteria. Intracellular concentrations of (p)ppGpp are determined by a highly conserved and widely distributed family of proteins called RelA-SpoT Homologs (RSH). Recently, several studies uncovering mechanisms that regulate RSH activities have renewed a strong interest in this field. In this review, we outline the diversity of the RSH protein family as well as the molecular devices used by bacteria to integrate and transform environmental cues into intracellular (p)ppGpp levels.

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