scholarly journals Adenoviral Pancreatitis in Rhesus Monkeys: Current Knowledge

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Chandler ◽  
H. M. McClure
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
Adenovirus Infection ◽  
Distinct Entity ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Pancreatic Parenchyma

Features and pathogenesis of adenoviral pancreatitis in rhesus monkeys were studied with an immunofluorescence staining procedure on tissues from two previously documented cases. Fluorescing adenovirus antigen in epithelial cells of the pancreatic ducts, duodenum, and jejunum suggests that under as yet undefined conditions, a primary adenovirus infection of the gastrointestinal tract ascends to the pancreatic parenchyma via pancreatic ducts. In a retrospective survey, over 3,000 microslides of pancreas taken at necropsy from several species of nonhuman primates (1,002 animals) were studied to determine the incidence of and species susceptibility to adenoviral pancreatitis. Other than the two documented cases from our files, we found comparable lesions in only one rhesus monkey. Adenoviral pancreatitis seems to be a distinct entity in rhesus monkeys, and it should be considered when pancreatitis is found in this species. Our findings also suggest a possible viral cause for some cases of pancreatitis in man.

scholarly journals Pre-Operative Imaging and Pathological Diagnosis of Localized High-Grade Pancreatic Intra-Epithelial Neoplasia without Invasive Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Ryota Sagami ◽  
Kentaro Yamao ◽  
Jun Nakahodo ◽  
Ryuki Minami ◽  
Masakatsu Tsurusaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Duct ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cytologic Examination ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Retention Cysts

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) arises from precursor lesions, such as pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). The prognosis of high-grade precancerous lesions, including high-grade PanIN and high-grade IPMN, without invasive carcinoma is good, despite the overall poor prognosis of PDAC. High-grade PanIN, as a lesion preceding invasive PDAC, is therefore a primary target for intervention. However, detection of localized high-grade PanIN is difficult when using standard radiological approaches. Therefore, most studies of high-grade PanIN have been conducted using specimens that harbor invasive PDAC. Recently, imaging characteristics of high-grade PanIN have been revealed. Obstruction of the pancreatic duct due to high-grade PanIN may induce a loss of acinar cells replaced by fibrosis and lobular parenchymal atrophy. These changes and additional inflammation around the branch pancreatic ducts (BPDs) result in main pancreatic duct (MPD) stenosis, dilation, retention cysts (BPD dilation), focal pancreatic parenchymal atrophy, and/or hypoechoic changes around the MPD. These indirect imaging findings have become important clues for localized, high-grade PanIN detection. To obtain pre-operative histopathological confirmation of suspected cases, serial pancreatic-juice aspiration cytologic examination is effective. In this review, we outline current knowledge on imaging characteristics of high-grade PanIN.

scholarly journals A Crosstalk between Diet, Microbiome and microRNA in Epigenetic Regulation of Colorectal Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2428
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Guz ◽  
Witold Jeleniewicz ◽  
Anna Malm ◽  
Izabela Korona-Glowniak
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

A still growing interest between human nutrition in relation to health and disease states can be observed. Dietary components shape the composition of microbiota colonizing our gastrointestinal tract which play a vital role in maintaining human health. There is a strong evidence that diet, gut microbiota and their metabolites significantly influence our epigenome, particularly through the modulation of microRNAs. These group of small non-coding RNAs maintain cellular homeostasis, however any changes leading to impaired expression of miRNAs contribute to the development of different pathologies, including neoplastic diseases. Imbalance of intestinal microbiota due to diet is primary associated with the development of colorectal cancer as well as other types of cancers. In the present work we summarize current knowledge with particular emphasis on diet-microbiota-miRNAs axis and its relation to the development of colorectal cancer.

Cell and Molecular Biological Challenges of ICSI: ART before Science?

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Schatten ◽  
Laura Hewitson ◽  
Calvin Simerly ◽  
Peter Sutovsky ◽  
Gabor Huszar
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Published Data ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The general perception of how innovative assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are introduced is through a carefully controlled series of experiments in an animal model, such as the mouse. Only after the technique has been proven can one consider confirmatory studies on mammals closely related to humans, such as rhesus monkeys or other nonhuman primates. With this background of a peer-reviewed body of well-established published data, there is sufficient foundation and rationale to propose a clinical investigation to a responsible human subjects institutional review board (IRB). IRBs weigh the benefits and risks of the new methods to human subjects, and then consider the appropriate informed consent procedures for the particular case. Only after a large number of clinical studies are performed at multiple sites and are peer reviewed can the efficacy and safety of the innovative approach be clearly evaluated. At that time, the potential therapy can be responsibly offered to suitable beneficiaries.

Evaluation of gamma ray-induced gastrointestinal tract morphological and proliferative activity changes in rhesus monkeys

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1133-1144
Author(s):  
T Chen ◽  
L Wang ◽  
K Chen ◽  
S Qiu ◽  
X Cen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Radiation Group ◽  
Brdu Labeling ◽  
Brdu Immunohistochemistry ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Total Body ◽  
High Level

To provide support for future pharmacology and preclinical studies, we have established a stable nonhuman primate animal model to demonstrate the histopathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract following gamma ray irradiation. In this study, 12 healthy rhesus monkeys were divided into 2 groups (control and radiation groups). Animals in the radiation group were exposed to gamma rays (cobalt 60 source) at a dose level of 6.5 Gy total body irradiation bilaterally (i.e. 3.25 Gy on each side). Control animals were sham exposed using identical procedures. After a 5-day in-life observation period, gastrointestinal tract tissues (esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and rectum) were collected and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin for subsequent hematoxylin and eosin and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry processing. The results showed that the esophagus was undergoing degeneration without obvious inflammatory changes, while the stomach and duodenum exhibited both degeneration and inflammation. From the jejunum to the rectum, late-stage inflammation with glandular regeneration, as well as a high-level BrdU labeling index, was present.

scholarly journals Geophagy among nonhuman primates: A systematic review of current knowledge and suggestions for future directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 168 (S67) ◽  
pp. 164-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula A. Pebsworth ◽  
Michael A. Huffman ◽  
Joanna E. Lambert ◽  
Sera L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Directions

The stability of dsRNA during external applications - an overview.

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Ivelin Pantchev ◽  
Goritsa Rakleova ◽  
Atanas Atanassov
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Rna Stability ◽  
Research Community ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The research community is deeply convinced that RNA is unstable in the environment. Its roots rise from numerous failed attempts to isolate functional cellular RNA molecules. Further support had originated from the fast turnover of RNA in the cells. The situation changed recently with the discovery that externally applied dsRNA can produce targeted gene silencing in plant-feeding insects. First results have demonstrated that external dsRNA can successfully pass the insect gastrointestinal tract and reach its final destination within the body cells. This was somewhat unexpected and sparked new interest in RNA stability in the environment and its fate in the insect organism. In this brief review we make an attempt to summarize current knowledge and to propose a model of how dsRNA can perform its function under these settings.

scholarly journals Role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in pathology of the gastrointestinal tract

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 175628481881533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Acovic ◽  
Marina Gazdic ◽  
Nemanja Jovicic ◽  
C. Randall Harrell ◽  
Crissy Fellabaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tumors ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has the most important role in modulation of tryptophan-dependent effects in the gastrointestinal tract, including modulation of intestinal immune response. An increased IDO activity maintains immune tolerance and attenuates ongoing inflammation but allows immune escape and uncontrolled growth of gastrointestinal tumors. Accordingly, IDO represents a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory and malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In this review article, we summarize current knowledge about molecular and cellular mechanisms that are involved in IDO-dependent effects. We provide a brief outline of experimental and clinical studies that increased our understanding of how enhanced IDO activity: controls host–microbiota interactions in the gut; regulates detrimental immune response in inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal system; and allows immune escape and uncontrolled growth of gastrointestinal tumors. Additionally, we present future perspectives regarding modulation of IDO activity in the gut as possible new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of inflammatory and malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal system.

scholarly journals Mucosal Microbiota and Metabolome along the Intestinal Tract Reveal a Location-Specific Relationship

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ce Yuan ◽  
Melanie Graham ◽  
Christopher Staley ◽  
Subbaya Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Dietary Component ◽  
Metabolic Interactions

ABSTRACT The intestinal microbiota is highly metabolically active and plays an important role in many metabolic processes absent from the human host. Altered microbiota metabolism has been linked to diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and colorectal cancer. However, there is a gap in the current knowledge on how the microbiota interact with its host in terms of metabolic interactions. Here, we performed an integrated analysis between the mucosa-associated microbiota and the mucosa metabolome in healthy, nonhuman primates to investigate these relationships. The microbiota composition was distinct at each tissue location, with variation by host individual also observed. Microbiota-metabolome dynamics were primarily driven by interactions in the distal colon. These interactions were strongly correlated with dietary component, indicating a possibility to modulate microbiota-metabolomic interactions using prebiotic strategies. IMPORTANCE In a healthy colon, the microbiota produces a vast amount of metabolites that are essential to maintaining homeostasis in the colon microenvironment. In fact, these metabolites produced by the microbiota have been linked to diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and colorectal cancer. In this study, we used healthy nonhuman primate models to investigate the relationship between microbiota and tissue metabolites. We found that both microbiota and metabolites have location-specific signatures along the intestine. Most importantly, we found that metabolites from food sources correlate with multiple bacteria in different intestinal locations. Overall, this work presents a systems-level map of the association between the microbiota and the metabolites in healthy nonhuman primates, provides candidates for experimental validation, and suggests a possibility to regulate the gut microbiota through specific prebiotic combinations.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidiosis in Two Juvenile Rhesus Monkeys

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Kovatch ◽  
J. D. White
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
Epithelial Hyperplasia ◽  
The Common

A coccidium of the genus Cryptosporidium, previously unreported in simians, was observed in two juvenile Rhesus monkeys. The organisms were restricted in one to the epithelium of the common bile, intrahepatic and pancreatic ducts and gall bladder and in the other to the epithelium of the small and large intestines. Epithelial hyperplasia and mucosal inflammation were common histologic features. Small bulbous enlargements that might be misinterpreted as cryptosporidia projected from the epithelial cells of some gall bladders of noninfected monkeys.

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