Effects of Face Masks on Person Perception

Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 030100662110451
Author(s):  
Julian A. Oldmeadow ◽  
Christoph Koch
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Racial Profiling ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Perceived Attractiveness

As face masks have become more commonplace in many regions due to COVID-19, concerns have been raised about their effects on the perception of mask wearers and social cohesion more broadly, including racial profiling. In two studies we examined the effects of masks on social judgments of mask wearers, and whether masks have different effects on judgments of Black and White faces. Participants rated 20 Black and 20 White faces with and without masks on trustworthiness/approachability (Studies 1 and 2) and on dominance/competence and attractiveness (Study 2). In both studies masks increased perceived trustworthiness and reduced the effect of face race on judgments. Masks also increased perceived attractiveness, but had no effect on the perception of dominance/competence. Overall, this study found no negative effects of face masks on judgments of mask wearers, though further research is needed.

Hyper-globalization and capitalism: socio-political effects of the international commerce

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Russo
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
International Commerce ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Deep Integration ◽  
High Level

PurposeThe hypothesis is that social inequalities tend to increase in the historical phases characterized by a high level of integration of the international economy, generating protectionism-oriented pressures. The analysis of the capitalistic evolution in the last centuries is oriented to outline the strict connection between deep international economy integration and high level of social inequalities in advanced economies.Design/methodology/approachRecent deep integration in international economy generated, in advanced economies, a significant increase in socio-economic inequalities, with negative effects on social cohesion and democratic dynamics. The paper, examining the historical evolution of capitalism, analyses the consequences generated by the deep integration, achieved by the international economy, on social inequalities in advanced countries. The discussion is focussed on three models of capitalism: competitive capitalism, Fordist capitalism and cognitive capitalism.FindingsAs a result, for governments, two alternatives open up in the hyper-globalization phases: to preserve deep international economic integration, with risks for democracy; to preserve internal social cohesion, with risks of protectionism and closure to the international economy.Originality/valueThe article is oriented to underline the intrinsic incompatibility between hyper-globalization and democracy, for the strong negative effects generated by hyper-globalization on social inequalities and on social cohesion.

scholarly journals Exploring Black and White Accounts of 21st-Century Racial Profiling: Riding and Driving While Black

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Castle Bell ◽  
Mark C. Hopson ◽  
Richard Craig ◽  
Nicholas W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Racial Profiling ◽  
Black And White

Threat in the Company of Men: Ensemble Perception and Threat Evaluations of Groups Varying in Sex Ratio

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Alt ◽  
Brianna Goodale ◽  
David J. Lick ◽  
Kerri L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Evaluative Priming ◽  
Social Vision ◽  
Ensemble Coding ◽  
Ensemble Perception ◽  
The Relationship

Everyday, we visually perceive people not only in isolation but also in groups. Yet, visual person perception research typically focuses on inferences made about isolated individuals. By integrating social vision and visual ensemble coding, we present novel evidence that (a) perceivers rapidly (500 ms) extract a group’s ratio of men to women and (b) both explicit judgments of threat and indirect evaluative priming of threat increase as the ratio of men to women in a group increases. Furthermore, participants’ estimates of the number of men, and not perceived men’s coalition, mediate the relationship between the ratio of men to women and threat judgments. These findings demonstrate the remarkable efficiency of perceiving a group’s sex ratio and downstream evaluative inferences made from these percepts. Overall, this work advances person perception research into the novel domain of people perception, revealing how the visually perceived sex ratio of groups impacts social judgments.

Generality of Complexity of Differentiation and Effects of Construct Type, Figure Attractiveness, and Familiarity

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Burgoyne ◽  
Janet Pietrushka
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Repertory Grid ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Multivariate Study ◽  
Male College ◽  
Second Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation ◽  
Male College Students

Repertory grid techniques are used in a multivariate study of degree of differentiation of social judgments, and the effects of type of figure judged (liked versus disliked persons, and well known versus slightly known persons) and the type of construct used in making judgments (appearance versus personality). Subjects were 60 female and 28 male college students who were taking a second year course in psychology. A high level of generality of relative differentiation was found in person perception. Scores showing higher differentiation were obtained for constructs regarding appearance than for constructs about personality and for disliked figures than for liked figures. There was a predicted interaction in which the effects of figures' attractiveness were greater for personality than for constructs of appearance. The findings are interpreted as indicating that caution should be exercised in interpreting repertory grid measures of complexity of differentiation, since scores are influenced by many factors, some of which may be viewed as methodological artifacts.

scholarly journals Assessing the Level of Mental Health of Medical Staff at a Private Hospital at the Time of Corona Virus Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
hadi alimoradi ◽  
mahsa nazari ◽  
reza jafari nodoushan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Social Media Networks ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Corona epidemic and quarantine enforcement, various effects on the psychological and social aspects of the population has left. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between depression, anxiety and relationship with medical staff and mental health is caused by corona. Methods: For this purpose, samples of 650 health personnel of private hospitals were selected. Inventory DASS, HADS, and selected social cohesion (Keyes) and the Internet and through social media networks were evaluated. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used. Results: The results showed that straw anxiety corona) to negative (and social cohesion caused by corona) to positive (mental health correlates. It was also found that anxiety and social cohesion caused by corona, respectively 47 and 26 percent predict changes in mental health. Conclusion: These results show the positive and negative effects of psychosocial interventions in quarantine and it have practical implications in the development of the epidemic crisis is Corona.

scholarly journals Portuguese agriculture and its role in multifunctional rural development

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Maria Raquel Ventura-Lucas ◽  
Carlos Marques ◽  
Maria De Belém Martins ◽  
Rui Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Safe Food

AsinEurope,agricultureinPortugalissupposedtofulfill a multiplicity of roles. It should contribute to supply Portuguese population with quality and safe food, to be viable in a global, competitive, dynamic and aggressive market, to preserve precious cultural landscapes across country through sustainable land management, to assist rural areastobeattractiveandfeasibleandtosupportemployment and social cohesion. Nevertheless, adjustments are expected to adapt to new environmental conditions, mainly climate change, to minimize weaknesses, to hold new opportunities and face new challenges. Otherwise, increases on human desertification, rural areas abandonment and consequent negative effects on territory are predictable.

scholarly journals Training Need Assessment for the Infusion of Tolerance, Peace and Social Cohesion among University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol V (I) ◽  
pp. 419-427
Author(s):  
Anila Yasmin ◽  
Muhammad Naeem Mohsin ◽  
Muhammad Ayub Buzdar
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Training Need

Tolerance, peace and social cohesion are the most significant and substantial values of society. In the scenario of Pakistan, the existence of above-mentioned values are prominently correlated with each other. The aim of this study was to assess the need of training program to counter the negative effects regarding the existing level of tolerance, peace and social cohesion among university students. Population of this study was consisted of Government College University Faisalabad. A questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative. 280 students were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical test were applied to assess the difference between their opinions. The findings of study demonstrated low level of tolerance, peace and social cohesion among university students and identified various factors affecting low level of tolerance, peace and social cohesion among university students.

scholarly journals E Pluribus… Unum?: Multiculturalism, Well-being, and Social Cohesion among Whites and Hispanics in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sara Morgan Watters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Majority Groups

<p>Multiculturalism has been proclaimed as a failure in several European countries and has been said to divide solidarity in the United States. As many Western nations become increasingly pluralistic, multiculturalism has become one of the most socially and politically divisive issues that has been debated among citizens, scholars, and political leaders, many of which suggest multiculturalism undermines social cohesion. However, a review of the literature suggests that inconsistent findings may be due in part to differences in the conceptualisation of the term multiculturalism. As we argue in the current study, not only is multiculturalism a multi-faceted phenomenon relating to diversity of a population, policy to manage diversity, and ideologies of whether diversity is positive or negative, but also it may have different consequences for minority and majority groups. In the current study we seek to examine how these different conceptualisations of multiculturalism, are related to well-being and social cohesion using a new construct called Subjective Multiculturalism. This measure investigates participants’ perceptions of how multicultural they perceive the United States to be in terms of diversity, policy that promotes equity, and ideology. Results indicate that Whites have higher levels of well-being than Hispanics and are more embedded in society. Results also indicate that perceptions that diversity is positively viewed by Americans predict social cohesion for Hispanics but not for Whites. Overall, findings suggest that multiculturalism does not exert negative effects on well-being or social cohesion, and indeed, in some cases it predicts positive outcomes, particularly for Hispanics.</p>

scholarly journals Perceived competence and warmth influence respect, liking and trust in work relations

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Oleszkiewicz ◽  
Kinga Lachowicz-Tabaczek
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Middle Stage ◽  
Work Relations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Many studies confirmed the positive effect of trust on human relations and performance in organizations. As a social judgment, trust should be related to perceived competence and warmth as two basic dimensions of person perception. Surprisingly, to date no attempts have been made to examine the influence of attributed competence and warmth on social judgments in interpersonal relations at work. To this end, we examine the influence of perceived competence and warmth on trust, liking and respect in upward and downward work relations. A study involving 190 middle-stage managers revealed that the two fundamental dimensions of social cognition (competence and warmth) influence respect, liking and trust. Competence had a stronger effect on respect than warmth; the opposite was true for liking. Trust was conditioned by both competence and warmth to an equal, high extent. At the same time, warmth expressed by supervisors led to higher results in liking, respect and trust in them than warmth expressed by subordinates.

scholarly journals The Impact of Uncertainty on State-Level Housing Markets of the United States: The Role of Social Cohesion

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3065
Author(s):  
Linyan Dai ◽  
Xin Sheng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Housing Returns ◽  
The Impact

While considering the role of social cohesion, we analyse the impact of uncertainty on housing markets across the 50 states of the United States, plus the District of Columbia, using the local projection method for panel data. We find that both short-term and long-term measurements of macroeconomic and financial uncertainties reduce real housing returns, with the strongest effect originated from the macro-economic uncertainty over the long term. Moreover, the degree of social cohesion does not change the nature of the impact of uncertainty on real housing returns dramatically, but the size of the negative effects is relatively large for states with low social cohesion.

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