scholarly journals Changes in Travel Behavior, Attitudes, and Preferences among E-Scooter Riders and Nonriders: First Look at Results from Pre and Post E-Scooter System Launch Surveys at Virginia Tech

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110022
Author(s):  
Ralph Buehler ◽  
Andrea Broaddus ◽  
Ted Sweeney ◽  
Wenwen Zhang ◽  
Elizabeth White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
University Staff ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Transport Service

Shared micromobility such as electric scooters (e-scooters) has the potential to enhance the sustainability of urban transport by displacing car trips, providing more mobility options, and improving access to public transit. Most published studies on e-scooter ridership focus on cities and only capture data at one point in time. This study reports results from two cross-sectional surveys deployed before ( n = 462) and after ( n = 428) the launch of a fleet of shared e-scooters on Virginia Tech’s campus in Blacksburg, VA. This allowed for a pre–post comparison of attitudes and preferences of e-scooter riders and nonusers. E-scooter ridership on campus followed patterns identified in other studies, with a greater share of younger riders, in particular undergraduate students. Stated intention to ride before system launch was greater than actual ridership. The drop-off between prelaunch intention to ride and actual riding was strongest for older age groups, women, and university staff. As in city surveys, the main reasons for riding e-scooters on campus were travel speed and fun of riding. About 30% indicated using e-scooters to ride to parking lots or to access public transport service, indicating their potential as a connector to other modes of transport. Perceptions about convenience, cost, safety, parking, rider behavior, and usefulness of the e-scooter systems were more positive among nonriders after system launch, indicating that pilot projects may improve public perceptions of e-scooters. Building more bike lanes or separate spaces for e-scooters could help move e-scooter riders off sidewalks—a desire expressed by both pedestrians and e-scooter users.

scholarly journals Scale Development and Validation for Psychological Reactance to Health Promotion Messages

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo Jung Kim ◽  
Hyunmin Lee ◽  
Hyehyun Hong
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

According to the psychological reactance theory, psychological reactance is strongly associated with many adverse outcomes of health promotion messages. This is particularly pertinent when health messages are targeting young adults, as they resist freedom-threatening messages compared to other age groups. However, previous reactance measures either relied on the open-ended thought-listing procedure, or incorporated both antecedents as well as consequences of reactance and state reactance. This study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive scale to measure the state of psychological reactance specifically toward health promotion messages. To this end, this study was situated in the context of an anti-binge drinking intervention targeting college students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 203 Singaporean undergraduate students. The dataset was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and item analysis. The final 27 items were loaded on eight factors (anger, exaggeration, design derogation, authoritative tone, ineffectiveness, know-it-all attitude, jadedness, and source motive) that accounted for 78.53% of the variance. Each factor showed satisfactory reliability and validity (discriminant, convergent, and predictive). This study specified cognitive reactions by multiple dimensions and examined how they are intertwined with the affective dimension, which is represented by anger. The scale proposed herein will help researchers and practitioners develop sustainable health interventions.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship between Transport Interventions, Mode Choice, and Travel Perception: An Empirical Study in Beijing, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4258
Author(s):  
Aihua Fan ◽  
Xumei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Service Improvement ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Public Transport Service

Transport interventions help to facilitate the sustainable travel behavior. The effects of transport interventions on travel choices have been addressed extensively. However, little research has been devoted to the influence of transport interventions and travel choice on travel perception. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among the three aspects. Two intervention measures, information intervention and public transport service improvement, were selected. Intervention experiments were designed to collect mode choice and corresponding travel perception in different experiment stages. Process models of information intervention and public transport service improvement were proposed. The results show that information intervention only had a minor effect on mode choice and had no direct effect on travel perception. Public transport service improvement in in-vehicle time and comfort enhanced public transport use dramatically. Comfort improvement also had positive effects on travel perception. Walking had positive and public transport trips had negative effects on travel perception. For travelers who had a high evaluation of car trips, the probability of green mode use would decrease. Travelers who gave high marks to trips by green mode would have a higher probability to keep traveling by green mode. This study contributes to facilitating public transport use and enhancing positive perception during traveling.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KINERJA BUS PATAS ANTAR KOTA DALAM PROPINSI TRAYEK PROBOLINGGO-MALANG

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Syaiful Amal ◽  
Anik Sepnawati
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Trade Education ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Public Transport Service

Andi Syaiful A. 1) , Anik Sepnawati2)1,2) Jurusan Teknik Sipil Universitas Muhammadiyah MalangAlamat korespondensi : Jl. Raya Tlogomas 246 Malang [email protected]”Bus Patas” is one means of urban transport that is used by people who want toProbolinggo poor or vice versa, its existence is a potential to be served because of the activities that are often carried out by people such as trade, education, social, cultural and others. As a means of transportation bus patas not be separated from the issues affecting the performance of services. Hiatus seat, passenger numbers increased on busy days, the sharpening competition among the fleet on the same route, is an indication of where conditions require patas bus transportation performance evaluation. There should be a study to determine the level of performance of freight, transport and analysis needs to strike a balance between demand and supply at the moment. This refers to the evaluation study on the performance parameters issued by theDirectorate General of Land Transportation.The evaluation results known load factor average for these Probolinggo-Malang is 0.78, the speed of the average travel routes Probolinggo-Malang 45.66 km / h, headway route Probolinggo-Malang 30.30 minutes, travel time average for these Probolinggo-Malang at 1:31 min / km and the value of the frequency for Probolinggo-Malang route for 1.98 veh / hour. And the results of the analysis of the balance between supply and demand obtained the required fleet needs today is 40 fleet.Keywords: public transport, service indicator, total fleet

scholarly journals Usage and User Characteristics—Insights from MOIA, Europe’s Largest Ridepooling Service

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 958
Author(s):  
Nadine Kostorz ◽  
Eva Fraedrich ◽  
Martin Kagerbauer
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Mobility Solution

New, i.e., shared and digitized, mobility services have been entering urban mobility markets around the globe. Among these new offerings is ridepooling, a mobility solution that bundles requests from passengers with similar routes in real-time and matches them with a vehicle. Ridepooling is quite novel in Germany and knowledge about users, changes in travel behavior, and impacts on the urban traffic system is scarce. To address this gap, we conducted an online survey among users and non-users of MOIA, a German ridepooling provider. Over 12,000 respondents completed the survey. The article presents results on ridepooling users’ characteristics and usage patterns. We found that MOIA users cover all age groups and are multimodal travelers—which leads us to assume that ridepooling enriches mobility portfolios and also serves as an alternative to the private car. MOIA is mostly used occasionally and, in particular, during the evening or the night. A specific focus of the article lies on users with mobility impairments as well as how and by whom ridepooling is used on work-related trips. Both topics are particularly relevant in light of changing travel patterns and transforming urban transport systems towards more sustainability.

Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Klein ◽  
Barbara J. Amster
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Christian ◽  
Kristen M. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

Personality's Correlates of Adult Development and Aging

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Vittorio Caprara ◽  
Mariagiovanna Caprara ◽  
Patrizia Steca
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
And Gender

Three cross-sectional studies examined stability and change in personality over the course of life by measuring the relations linking age to personality traits, self-efficacy beliefs, values, and well-being in large samples of Italian male and female participants. In each study, relations between personality and age were examined across several age groups ranging from young adulthood to old age. In each study, personality constructs were first examined in terms of mean group differences accrued by age and gender and then in terms of their correlations with age across gender and age groups. Furthermore, personality-age correlations were also calculated, controlling for the demographic effects accrued by marital status, education, and health. Findings strongly indicated that personality functioning does not necessarily decline in the later years of life, and that decline is more pronounced in males than it is in females across several personality dimensions ranging from personality traits, such as emotional stability, to self-efficacy beliefs, such as efficacy in dealing with negative affect. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for personality theory and social policy.

The German Version of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS)

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heide Glaesmer ◽  
Gesine Grande ◽  
Elmar Braehler ◽  
Marcus Roth
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Factorial Invariance ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Life Scale

The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is the most commonly used measure for life satisfaction. Although there are numerous studies confirming factorial validity, most studies on dimensionality are based on small samples. A controversial debate continues on the factorial invariance across different subgroups. The present study aimed to test psychometric properties, factorial structure, factorial invariance across age and gender, and to deliver population-based norms for the German general population from a large cross-sectional sample of 2519 subjects. Confirmatory factor analyses supported that the scale is one-factorial, even though indications of inhomogeneity of the scale have been detected. Both findings show invariance across the seven age groups and both genders. As indicators of the convergent validity, a positive correlation with social support and negative correlation with depressiveness was shown. Population-based norms are provided to support the application in the context of individual diagnostics.

Does Dispositional Mindfulness Predict the Development of Grit?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buaphrao Raphiphatthana ◽  
Paul Jose ◽  
Karen Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets

Abstract. Grit, that is, perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is a novel construct that has gained attention in recent years ( Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007 ). To date, little research has been performed with the goal of identifying the antecedents of grit. Thus, in order to fill this gap in the literature, self-report data were collected to examine whether mindfulness, a mindset of being-in-the-present in a nonjudgmental way, plays a role in fostering grittiness. Three hundred and forty-three undergraduate students completed an online survey once in a cross-sectional study, and of these, 74 students completed the survey again 4.5 months later. Although the cross-sectional analyses identified a number of positive associations between mindfulness and grit, the longitudinal analysis revealed that the mindfulness facets of acting with awareness and non-judging were the most important positive predictors of grit 4.5 months later. This set of findings offers implications for future grit interventions.

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