scholarly journals Scale Development and Validation for Psychological Reactance to Health Promotion Messages

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo Jung Kim ◽  
Hyunmin Lee ◽  
Hyehyun Hong
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

According to the psychological reactance theory, psychological reactance is strongly associated with many adverse outcomes of health promotion messages. This is particularly pertinent when health messages are targeting young adults, as they resist freedom-threatening messages compared to other age groups. However, previous reactance measures either relied on the open-ended thought-listing procedure, or incorporated both antecedents as well as consequences of reactance and state reactance. This study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive scale to measure the state of psychological reactance specifically toward health promotion messages. To this end, this study was situated in the context of an anti-binge drinking intervention targeting college students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 203 Singaporean undergraduate students. The dataset was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and item analysis. The final 27 items were loaded on eight factors (anger, exaggeration, design derogation, authoritative tone, ineffectiveness, know-it-all attitude, jadedness, and source motive) that accounted for 78.53% of the variance. Each factor showed satisfactory reliability and validity (discriminant, convergent, and predictive). This study specified cognitive reactions by multiple dimensions and examined how they are intertwined with the affective dimension, which is represented by anger. The scale proposed herein will help researchers and practitioners develop sustainable health interventions.

Modeling a reliable and valid framework for building and measuring the health system workforce’s competence to lead, manage and govern in Ethiopia: Factor analysis approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshambel Agumas Ambelie ◽  
Getu Degu Alene ◽  
Damen Hailemariam Gebrekiros
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Health System ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
System Building ◽  
Average Variance ◽  
Composite Reliability

Abstract The purpose of this study was to model a reliable and valid framework for building and measuring health system workforce’s competence to lead, manage and govern. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in three zones of Amhara regional state, northwest Ethiopia. Eight-hundred-thirteen participants were recruited from 32 health facilities. The data were collected using a structured self-rated questionnaire that comprised 26, five-point Likert scale, items. Data analysis techniques such as factor analysis, composite reliability and average variance extraction were applied. Factor analysis was unlocked to assemble the relationship among latent factors extracted, items rated and error variances observed. Latent factors were extracted using Eigenvalue greater than 1 as a cut of point. To make latent factors more meaningful, they were labeled considering the contents of the items clustered within them. Meanwhile, a framework for building and measuring competence to lead, manage and govern was modeled by assembling latent factors labeled, items rated and error variances observed. Reliability and validity of the framework were tested using composite reliability and average variance extraction analyses respectively. Four-factor framework for building and measuring the health system workforce’s competence to lead, manage and govern was modeled. The four latent factors extracted were labeled as compliance with principles, strategic sensitivity, system building, and contextual thoughtfulness. These factors explained 68.434% of the total variability. Composite reliability and average variance extraction for all factors were .807 and greater, and .512 and greater, respectively. Compliance with principles, strategic sensitivity, system building, and contextual thoughtfulness are dimensions that affect competence to lead, manage and govern, which, in turn, influence the health system performance and health outcomes. This model has implications for training, evaluation, and research.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a risk assessment scale for hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Wang ◽  
Si-Qin Liu ◽  
Xiao-Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Abstract Background: This study aims to develop a risk assessment scale to assess and quantify risk of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients. Methods: Data were derived from two Delphi rounds and a cross-sectional survey of 276 cirrhotic patients. The minimal consensus were a mean score 3.5 on a scale of 1 to 5, and a coefficient of variation 0.25. The reliability and validity of the scale were validated by a cross-sectional survey. Results: After two Delphi rounds and item analysis, a final 23-item scale covered two dimensions. The total Cronbach’s αretest Cronbach’s α, interrater Cronbach’s α and split-half Cronbach’s α were higher than 0.7, showing an acceptable reliability. The AUC was 0.792, and the sensitivity and specificity were 83.9% and 59.6%, respectively, indicating that the scale had a good predictive validity. Conclusion: This scale may be a promising tool for estimating and ranking risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Future research is necessary to apply it in hepatic encephalopathy.

Development and Validation of the Escala de Actitudes Emprendedoras para Estudiantes (EAEE)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo Oliver ◽  
Laura Galiana
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Entrepreneurial Attitudes ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Fit Indexes

AbstractDuring the last few years, entrepreneurship has gained an important role in many economic and social policies, with the consequent growth of entrepreneurial research in many social areas. However, in the Spanish psychometric context, there is not an updated scale including recent contributions to entrepreneurship attitudes literature. The aim of this study is to present and validate a new scale named Escala de Actitudes Emprendedoras para Estudiantes-EAEE, (Entrepreneurial Attitudes Scale for Students, EASS), in two samples of high school and university Spanish students. Data comes from a cross-sectional survey of 524 high school and undergraduate students, from Valencia (Spain). Two confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were estimated, together with reliability and validity evidence of the scale. Results offered evidence of the adequate psychometric properties of the EASS. The CFAs showed overall and analytical adequate fit indexes (χ2(120) = 163.19 (p < .01), GFI = .906, CFI = .959, SRMR = .044, RMSEA = .040 [CI .022-.054]); reliability indices of the entrepreneurial attitudes were appropriate for most of the entrepreneurial attitudes (α were between .63 and .87 for the different dimensions); and external evidence relating entrepreneurial dimensions to personality traits was similar to in previous studies. The scale could be a useful instrument both for previous diagnosis and effectiveness assessment of programs on entrepreneurship promotion.

scholarly journals Satisfaction and needs of pharmacists in prescription-checking training: a cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 030006052096581
Author(s):  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Wen Ji ◽  
Xiangli Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Training Organization

Objective Prescription checking is becoming increasingly prevalent in medical institutions. However, the prescription-checking ability of pharmacists requires improvement. The study aim was to explore the main aspects of prescription-checking training and provide an empirical reference for the training of pharmacists in medical institutions. Methods Participants were pharmacists willing to complete a Likert questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to examine percentages and composition ratios. The chi-square test and exploratory factor analysis were used for inferential analysis. Results The questionnaire showed good internal consistency reliability and validity. A total of 90% of participants were satisfied with the training. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three satisfaction dimensions: training organization, teaching method, and knowledge consolidation and assessment. The average examination score for the 20 courses was 89.21/100. Regarding trainee needs, 94.66% preferred face-to-face lectures, 89.33% expected high professional skills of the lecturers and 62.67% believed that clinical expertise was highly desirable. Conclusions There was a high demand for prescription-checking training among pharmacists. Trainees in this study showed high satisfaction. The most important aspects of prescription-checking training were training organization and knowledge consolidation and assessment. It is recommended that training should be stratified. Pharmacists preferred face-to-face and interactive lectures as a supplement to clinical knowledge.

A Cross Sectional Survey of Chicken Astroviruses Antibody in Broiler and Sonali (Cross-Bred) Chickens in Selected Areas in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Md Zulfekar Ali ◽  
Mohammad Moktader Moula ◽  
Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Javed
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group B

AbstractChicken astroviruses (CAstV) are enteric viruses of poultry causing gastroenteritis, malabsorption, gout and white chick disease commonly known as runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). It can affect the wide range of poultry birds, especially chicken, turkey and duck worldwide. To our best knowledge there is no published report on presence of antibodies against CAstV in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study aimed to detect the presence of CAstV antibodies in broilers and sonali chickens (a cross-bread) in Bangladesh through a cross-sectional survey. A total of 454 blood samples from 66 flocks of broiler (n=343) and sonali chickens (n=111) of different ages were obtained during 2017 from four districts. The birds were healthy but were not vaccinated against CAstV. The samples were tested for specific antibodies against CAstV Group B by using commercially available ELISA kit. Overall, 16.74% (76/454) samples and 34.84% (23/66) flocks were positive for CAstV antibodies. The seroprevalence of CAstV was significantly (p=0.001) higher in sonali chickens (36.96%) than broiler (10.20%), while it was significantly higher (p=0.001) in birds of Bogura district (36.94%) than the other three districts. Regarding the age groups, seroprevalence was insignificantly (p=0.192) higher in sonali chicken before laying age (45%) than during laying age (27.45%). Regarding the seasons, CAstV infection was prevalent significantly (p=0.001) higher in winter season. Thus, the present study indicated the presence of CAstV in poultry in Bangladesh, so further studies are required to find out the magnitude of the problem in the country.

Association between Social Media Use for Health Purpose and Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Yun Lee ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Cho Rong Won ◽  
Jiyoung Lee ◽  
Jeongwon Baik
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Purpose

BACKGROUND The use of social media or social networking sites (SNS) is increasing across all age groups, and one of the primary motives of using SNS is to seek health-related information. Although previous research examining the effect of SNS use on depression exist, studies regarding the effect of SNS use for health purpose on depression is limited. OBJECTIVE Our study aims to explore the relationship between SNS use for health purpose and depression across the four age groups (18-34 years old, 35-49 years old, 50-64 years old, and above 65 years old). METHODS A sample of 6,789 adults aged 18 and older was extracted from a 2017 and 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Univariate and bivariate analyses to examine the association between each variable and four age groups were conducted. Multiple linear regression analyses to predict depression level among participants with use of SNS for health purpose were conducted. RESULTS SNS use for health purpose and depression were positively associated for three age groups but not for those 65 years or older (=0.13, P<0.05; =0.08, P<0.05; =0.09, P<0.05). Income and self-reported health status indicated an inverse relationship for all age groups. The relationship with marital status differed based on age group with 18 and 34 years old showing an inverse relationship (=-0.13, P<0.01) while 65 years or older showing a positive relationship (=0.06, P<0.05). Gender was positively associated among those in the 35-49 years old (=0.09, P<0.05) and 65 years or older (=0.07, P<0.05). Being Non-Hispanic White was positively associated with depression among 50-64 years old (=0.07, P<0.001) and 65 years or older (=0.08, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Age-tailored education on determining accurate and reliable information shared via SNS is needed to reduce depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of worry among teachers during the COVID-19 epidemic in Henan, China: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e045386
Author(s):  
Yanqing Wang ◽  
Quanman Li ◽  
Clifford Silver Tarimo ◽  
Cuiping Wu ◽  
Yudong Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Location ◽  
Fear Level ◽  
Attention Level

ObjectiveTo evaluate the level of worry and its influencing factors during the COVID-19 epidemic among teachers in Henan Province in China.Study designA cross-sectional study was conducted.MethodsWe designed a cross-sectional survey that included 88 611 teachers from three cities in Henan Province, China between 4 February 2020 and 12 February 2020. Level of worry was measured using a five-item Likert scale, with 1 being ‘not worried’ and 5 being ‘very worried’. The OR and 95% CI of potential influencing factors for level of worry among study participants were estimated using ordinal logistic regression models.ResultsAbout 59% of teachers reported being ‘very worried’ about the COVID-19 epidemic. The proportion of female teachers was higher than of male teachers (60.33% vs 52.89%). In all age groups considered in this study, a ‘very worried’ condition accounted for the highest proportion. The age group 40–49 years had the lowest proportion of participants who were very worried, 52.34% of whom were men and 58.62% were women. After controlling for potential confounding factors, age, education level, type of teacher, school location, attention level, fear level, anxiety level and behaviour status were all related to level of worry (all p<0.05).ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 epidemic, there was a high proportion of teachers who were ‘very worried’ about the situation in Henan Province, China. Our study may remind policymakers to consider factors including age, educational status, type of teacher, school location, source of information on COVID-19, attention level, anxiety level, fear level and behaviour status to alleviate worry.

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge and Sources of Information on Lassa Fever Infection Among the Undergraduate Students of Ebonyi State University, Nigeria

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402110063
Author(s):  
MaryJoy Umoke ◽  
Prince Christian Ifeanachor Umoke ◽  
Chioma Adaora Nwalieji ◽  
Rosemary N. Onwe ◽  
Ifeanyi Emmanuel Nwafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
State University ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Academic Level

Lassa fever is a zoonotic disease characterized by acute viral hemorrhagic fever, endemic in West Africa including Nigeria. The study assessed the knowledge and sources of information on Lassa fever infection among the undergraduate students of Ebonyi State University, Nigeria. This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted among a sample of 389 students (18 years above). A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed with SPSS (Version 20), and hypotheses were tested at p < .05 level of significance. Results showed that the majority of the students had good knowledge of Lassa fever description, 232 (60.75%); the signs and symptoms, 221 (57.9%); mode of transmission, 261 (68.41%); and preventive measures, 291 (76.13%). Radio, 23 (84.6%), and television, 307 (80.4%), were their major sources of information. Age ( p = .424), sex ( p = .082), and academic level ( p = .553) were not significant in the study, while faculty (social sciences; p = .000*) was strongly associated with the knowledge of Lassa fever. In conclusion, the overall knowledge of Lassa fever was good among students, though knowledge gaps were observed in the signs and symptoms. We recommend that health education on endemic diseases in the state be made a compulsory course as a general study (GST) in the university. Also, the internet, social media, and campus campaign be further used to educate and sensitize students on the effect of Lassa fever.

scholarly journals Stress and Its Impact on Academic and Social Life of Undergraduate University Students in Ghana: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Koawo Edjah ◽  
Francis Ankomah ◽  
Ebenezer Domey ◽  
John Ekow Laryea
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractStress is concomitant with students’ life and can have a significant impact on their lives, and even how they go about their academic work. Globally, in every five visits by patients to the doctor, three are stress-related problems. This study examined stress and its impact on the academic and social life among students of a university in Ghana. The descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed. Using the stratified and simple random (random numbers) sampling methods, 500 regular undergraduate students were engaged in the study. A questionnaire made up of Perceived Stress Scale and Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale was used to gather data for the study. Frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with AMOS were used for the analyses. It was found that majority of the students were moderately stressed. Paramount among the stressors were academic stressors, followed by institutional stressors, and external stressors. Stress had a significant positive impact on the academic and social life of students. It was concluded that undergraduate students, in one way or the other, go through some kind of stress during the course of their study. It was recommended that the university, through its Students’ Affairs, and Counselling Sections, continue to empower students on how to manage and deal with stress in order to enhance their academic life.

scholarly journals Analyzing Predictors of Control Measures and Psychosocial Problems Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Eight Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Sheikh Saifur Rahman Jony ◽  
Ubydul Haque ◽  
Nathaniel J. Webb ◽  
Emily Spence ◽  
Md. Siddikur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Determinant

COVID-19 has harshly impacted communities globally. This study provides relevant information for creating equitable policy interventions to combat the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to predict the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the COVID-19 pandemic at a global level to determine control measures and psychosocial problems. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to October 2020 using an online questionnaire. Questionnaires were initially distributed to academicians worldwide. These participants distributed the survey among their social, professional, and personal groups. Responses were collected and analyzed from 67 countries, with a sample size of 3031. Finally, based on the number of respondents, eight countries, including Bangladesh, China, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, the United States, and Zambia were rigorously analyzed. Specifically, questionnaire responses related to COVID-19 accessibility, behavior, knowledge, opinion, psychological health, and susceptibility were collected and analyzed. As per our analysis, age groups were found to be a primary determinant of behavior, knowledge, opinion, psychological health, and susceptibility scores. Gender was the second most influential determinant for all metrics except information about COVID-19 accessibility, for which education was the second most important determinant. Respondent profession was the third most important metric for all scores. Our findings suggest that greater encouragement from government health authorities and the promotion of health education and policies are essential in the dissemination of COVID-19-awareness and increased control of the spread of COVID-19.

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