Development and Sensory Shelf-Life Testing of KOKO Plus: A Food Supplement for Improving the Nutritional Profiles of Traditional Complementary Foods

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-356
Author(s):  
Kwaku Tano-Debrah ◽  
Firibu Kwesi Saalia ◽  
Shibani Ghosh ◽  
Masashi Hara
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
World Health ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Providing nutritionally adequate complementary foods is essential in preventing malnutrition in young infants. Koko made from fermented corn dough constitutes the most common complementary food in Ghana. However, these do not meet the nutrient requirements. Objective: To develop and test the acceptability and shelf-life of an energy-dense complementary food supplement for improving the nutritional profile of traditional complementary foods. Methods: Surveys of families in urban and rural communities and stakeholder engagements with health professionals were done to identify the most predominant traditional complementary foods and young infants’ feeding practices. A food supplement, KOKO Plus, that would improve the nutritional profile of koko and other complementary foods needed to be developed. Linear programming was used in ingredient formulations for the food supplement based on locally available foods. The acceptability of the food supplement, KOKO Plus, in koko and soup was assessed using 14 trained assessors in a 2 × 2 crossover design. Shelf-life of the product was estimated using the difference in control sensory test method at different storage temperatures (24°C, 34°C, and 44°C). Results: Koko was the most predominant complementary food in many homes. The KOKO Plus food supplement improved the nutritional profile of koko to satisfy the nutrient intake requirements of young infants as recommended by World Health Organization. KOKO Plus was microbiologically safe, with estimated shelf-life of more than 12 months. Conclusion: The development of KOKO Plus as a food supplement provides a practical solution to improve the nutritional status of weaning children in Ghana.

Improving Breastfeeding in Rural Tanzania Using Eight-Step Policy Analysis Methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
Katherine Skiff ◽  
Maria deValpine ◽  
Andrea Knopp
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rural Tanzania ◽  
Food Education ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Emergency Fund

Appropriate breastfeeding has the potential to have the broadest impact on childhood survival in children under 5 years compared with all other preventive interventions. The World Health Organization and United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund recommend that all facilities providing maternal services and newborn care have a written policy addressing breastfeeding that is routinely disseminated to staff. A Mara region hospital in rural Tanzania does not have a breastfeeding policy. Collins adapted Bardach’s eightfold path for policy analysis specifically for health policies. This eight-step process was used to evaluate three promising policies to improve breastfeeding in populations in and around this hospital. These policies include exclusive breastfeeding education, complementary food education, and community health worker home visits. Analysis identified exclusive breastfeeding with adjunct complementary food education as the most feasible policies to increase breastfeeding in and around the target hospital. With improved feeding practices, chronic malnutrition rates are expected to decline in the villages that the hospital serves. This methodology can be used by nurses to develop health polices addressing a wide range of health issues in a wide variety of settings.

Oral Therapy of Neonates and Young Infants with World Health Organization Rehydration Packets

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Bhargava ◽  
H. P. S. Sachdev ◽  
B. Das Gupta ◽  
Man Mohan ◽  
H. P. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Oral Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals The DIFFERENCES IN NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF INFANTS AGED 4-6 MONTHS WHO WERE EXCLUSIVELY BREASTFED AND THOSE WERE GIVEN NONEXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING : LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Frisna Dwika Maheni Maheni ◽  
Abdiana ◽  
Rafika Oktova
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
World Health ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Health Organization

World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that babies remain given exclusive breast milk for the first six months of a baby's life. However, there were some obstacles that cause the mother to be unable to give exclusive breast milk to her baby. By the time the baby becoming 4 to 6 months, the opportunity to provided exclusive breast milk is reduced because of many factor such as working mother can be an obstacle to providing exclusive breast milk. Often for mothers prefer to provide formula milk or complementary food for their babies to make it simply.This literature review aims to determine the differences in nutritional status of infants who were exclusively breastfed and those who were not exclusively breastfed at the age of 4 to 6 months. This literature review is semi-quantitative using the narrative review method. The search for articles accessed from the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct database found 40 articles that met the criteria. There were differences in the nutritional status of infants who were exclusively breastfed and those who were given non-exclusive breastfeeding. Babies who were exclusively breastfed at the age of 4 to 6 months had a better nutritional status than babies who were given nonexclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome in Rural Community

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmood Alam Pasha
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life

According to our observation, prevalence of metabolic syndrome is rising in urban populations as well as rural communities. However, this rising problem is largely being ignored and according to preliminary results quality adjusted life years can be increased by preventing Metabolic Syndrome. The first attempt to give a proper definition of Metabolic Syndrome was done by World Health Organization (WHO) in 1998.1 According to WHO criteria metabolic syndrome consists of diabetes mellitus along with any two of the following: BP greater than 140/90 mm Hg, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL, central obesity and microalbumenemia.2 Metabolic syndrome is a major use of morbidity in diabetic patients and medical establishments.

scholarly journals Osmolality of Commercially Available Oral Rehydration Solutions: Impact of Brand, Storage Time, and Temperature

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt J. Sollanek ◽  
Robert W. Kenefick ◽  
Samuel N. Cheuvront
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Mixed Solutions ◽  
Rehydration Solutions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shelf Life Stability ◽  
Health Organization

Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) are specifically formulated with an osmolality to optimize fluid absorption. However, it is unclear how many ORS products comply with current World Health Organization (WHO) osmolality guidelines and the osmotic shelf-life stability is not known. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the within and between ORS product osmolality variation in both pre-mixed and reconstituted powders. Additionally, the osmotic stability was examined over time. The osmolality of five different pre-mixed solutions and six powdered ORS products were measured. Pre-mixed solutions were stored at room temperatures and elevated temperatures (31 °C) for two months to examine osmotic shelf stability. Results demonstrated that only one pre-mixed ORS product was in compliance with the current guidelines both before and after the prolonged storage. Five of the six powdered ORS products were in compliance with minimal inter-packet variation observed within the given formulations. This investigation demonstrates that many commercially available pre-mixed ORS products do not currently adhere to the WHO recommended osmolality guidelines. Additionally, due to the presence of particular sugars and possibly other ingredients, the shelf-life stability of osmolality for certain ORS products may be questioned. These findings should be carefully considered in the design of future ORS products.

scholarly journals Dental caries and endemic dental fluorosis in rural communities, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone de Melo Costa ◽  
Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães Abreu ◽  
Andréa Maria Duarte Vargas ◽  
Mara Vasconcelos ◽  
Efigênia Ferreira e Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The North ◽  
Decay Component ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Health Organization

It is observational, analytical and cross-sectional aimed to evaluate the association between severity and prevalence of fluorosis and dental caries in rural communities with endemic dental fluorosis in the north state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with fluoride concentrations in water up to 4.8 mg/L. Data were collected by one examiner (intra-examiner kappa, 0.96 to 0,95 for caries and fluorosis) after toothbrushing. The study included 511 individuals aged 7 - 22 years, categorized according to age: 7 - 9 years (n = 227), 10 to 12 years (n = 153), 13 to 15 years (n = 92), 16 to 22 years (n = 39). For the diagnosis of dental caries used the criteria of the World Health Organization to measure indices DMFT. For fluorosis used the index Thylstrup and Fejerskov (TF), dichotomized according to prevalence (TF = 0 and TF > 0) and severity (TF < 4 and TF > 5). In the two younger groups, the DMFT and its decay component were higher in the group with more severe fluorosis (p < 0.001). This association was not found among adolescents and adults (p > 0.05). The association was found between the conditions more severe fluorosis and caries in individuals under 12 years.

scholarly journals Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Poor Rural Communities: A Case Study from Yatta Area, Palestine

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nibal Al-Batsh ◽  
Issam Al-Khatib ◽  
Subha Ghannam ◽  
Fathi Anayah ◽  
Shehdeh Jodeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Yatta is a town located nine kilometers south of Hebron city in the West Bank of Palestine. The town houses over 100,000 people of which 49% are females and has a population that doubles every 15 years. Yatta has been connected to a water network since 1974 serving nearly 85% of its households. The water network is old and inadequate to meet the needs of the population. Water supply made available to the area is limited, estimated at 20 L/capita/day. Residents are thus forced to rely on water vendors who supply water that is 400% more expensive with a lower quality compared to municipal water. Therefore, rainwater harvesting is a common practice in the area, with the majority of households owning at least one cistern. Rainwater harvesting is of great socio-economic importance in areas where water sources are scarce and/or polluted. In this research, the quality of harvested rainwater used for drinking and domestic purposes in Yatta was assessed throughout one year. A total of 100 samples were collected from cisterns with an average capacity of 69 m3, which are adjacent to cement-roof catchment areas of 145 m2 average surface area. Samples were analyzed for a number of parameters including temperature, pH, alkalinity, hardness, turbidity, total dissolved solids, NO3, NH4, chloride and salinity. Results showed that most of the rainwater samples were within World Health Organization (WHO) and Environment Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines for chemical parameters. Microbiological contents such as total Coliforms and faecal Coliforms bacteria were tested. The research also addressed the impact of rainwater harvesting systems on different socio-economic attributes of the local community through a questionnaire that had been filled out before any sample was collected.

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