Toxicity in Uremia 1. Correlation between PTH Levels and Depressed Cell Proliferation

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Esposito ◽  
M. Manzo ◽  
M. Hohenegger ◽  
M. Pluvio ◽  
N. Lanzetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Group A ◽  
Uremic Patients ◽  
Group B

Cell proliferation is significantly depressed in uremia; to assess the influence of PTH on it, normal lymphocytes were cultured in presence of uremic patients’ serum with low or high plasma PTH levels (Group A; PTH < 2.5 ng/ml; Group B: PTH > 12 ng/ml), and serum of normal subjects (Group C). Cell proliferation was lowered by serum from both groups (p A vs C < 0.004; p B vs C < 0.001). However, the depressing effect was more evident when group B serum was employed (p A vs B< 0.002).

Urinary excretion of glycated protein determined with a specific radioimmunoassay

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chizuko Ukita ◽  
Mitsushige Nishikawa ◽  
Akira Shouzu ◽  
Mitsuo Inada
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Specific Radioimmunoassay ◽  
Glycated Protein ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Abstract We developed a simple and highly sensitive RIA for glycated protein (GP), and used it to measure GP in serum and urine from 15 normal controls and 30 diabetics (14 with urinary excretion rate of albumin, Ualb less than 15 micrograms/min, group A; nine with 15 less than or equal to Ualb less than or equal to 150 micrograms/min, group B; and seven with Ualb greater than 150 micrograms/min, group C). The mean serum concentration of GP was above normal in all groups of diabetics, and the mean glycation ratios of serum protein (SGP) were higher in groups B and C than in normal subjects. Urinary concentrations of GP also were increased in groups B and C, although the glycation ratio of urinary protein (UGP) was decreased in group C. Consequently, the selectivity of urinary excretion of GP (UGP/SGP) was significantly decreased in group C. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the mean values of selectivity between groups of patients with various degrees of retinopathy. We suggest that measurements of serum and urinary GP are useful to evaluate the progression of diabetic complications.

Fatty acid-independent inhibition of hepatic ketone body production by insulin in humans

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
pp. E694-E699 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Keller ◽  
P. P. Gerber ◽  
W. Stauffacher
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Heparin Infusion ◽  
Group A ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Group B ◽  
Body Production

To investigate whether elevated plasma insulin or glucagon concentrations are capable of modifying hepatic ketogenesis independently of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations, ketone body production was determined by [3–14C]acetoacetate infusions in overnight-fasted normal subjects during exogenous supply of FFA (Intralipid and heparin infusion). When plasma FFA concentrations were elevated from 0.73 +/- 0.07 to 1.53 +/- 0.16 mmol/l during low insulin concentrations (approximately equal to 13 microU/ml) in group A (n = 7), total ketone body production increased from 3.6 +/- 0.6 to 8.2 +/- 1.0 mumol.kg-1.min-1 (P less than 0.001). When plasma FFA were similarly elevated during raised plasma insulin concentrations (approximately equal to 110 microU/ml) in group B (n = 5), total ketone body production was only 3.8 +/- 0.8 mumol.kg-1.min-1 (P less than 0.01 vs. group A). Low plasma FFA and low insulin concentrations resulted in total ketone body production of 0.70 +/- 0.18 mumol.kg-1.min-1 in group C (n = 7; P less than 0.01 vs. groups A and B). Elevation of plasma glucagon during Intralipid infusion in group D (n = 7) failed to affect ketogenesis, but the beta-hydroxybutyrate-to-acetoacetate concentration ratio decreased significantly (P less than 0.01). The data indicate that elevation of plasma insulin to high physiological concentrations restrains FFA-induced ketogenesis.

Effects of exogenous growth hormone pretreatment on the pituitary growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone alone or in combination with pyridostigmine in Type I diabetic patients

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giustina ◽  
Simonetta Bossoni ◽  
Corrado Bodini ◽  
Antonino Cimino ◽  
Giuseppe Pizzocolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control

Abstract. We evaluated the effects of iv pretreatment with exogenous GH on the GH response to GHRH either alone or in combination with pyridostigmine in 14 Type I diabetic patients and 6 normal subjects. All the subjects received an iv bolus injection of biosynthetic human GH, 2 IU; 2 h later they received either a. pyridostigmine, 120 mg orally, or b. placebo, 2 tablets orally, followed 1 h later by iv injection of GHRH(1-29) NH2, 100 μg. In normal subjects the median GH peak after GH+GHRH was 1.8, range 1.2-6.9 μg/l. Pyridostigmine enhanced the GH response to GHRH in all subjects. The median GH peak after pyridostigmine+ GH+GHRH was 32.7, range 19.8-42.1 μg/l (p<0.001 vs GHRH alone). Seven diabetic subjects had median GH peaks after GH+GHRH >6.9 μg/l (the maximum GH peak after GH+GHRH in normal subjects) (group A: median GH peak 35.7, range 21.7-55 μg/l). The other diabetic subjects had GH peak lower than 6.9 μg/l (group B: median GH peak 4.4, range 2.1-6.5 μg/l). Pyridostigmine significantly increased the GH response to GHRH in group B patients (median GH peak 29.3, range 15.7-93.4 μg/l, p<0.001 vs GH+GHRH alone), but not in group A patients (median GH peak 39.9, range 21.9-64.9 μg/l). Group A diabetic patients were younger and had higher HbA1c and blood glucose levels than group B patients. In those diabetic patients with an exaggerated GH response to GH+GHRH, pyridostigmine failed to cause the increase in GH secretion observed in diabetic and control subjects with no responses to GH+GHRH. It can be suggested that elevated 24-h GH levels in some Type I diabetic patients may be due to decreased somatostatinergic tone which in turn causes altered autoregulation of GH secretion. We hypothesize that this finding is a consequence of a reset of the hypothalamic control of GH secretion caused by a chronically elevated blood glucose level in this subpopulation.

Circulating Cytokines as Biological Indicators for PE and Ceramics Articulations

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1323-1326
Author(s):  
Silvana Fiorito ◽  
Laura Magrini ◽  
Robert Streicher
Keyword(s):  
Hip Prosthesis ◽  
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hip Prosthesis Implantation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Circulating Cytokines

We studied the role of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6,IL-1β, TGF-β) as markers of osteolysis in patients who underwent to a hip prosthesis implantation subdivided in two groups: group A with an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) insert articulating against a metal ball head , and group B with an all alumina ceramic combination. Profibrogenic (TGF-β) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6,IL-1β) are secreted by the periprosthetic synovial-like fibrous membrane in hip artificial implants. They are secreted by inflammatory activated cells and trigger the cascade of biochemical events leading to the activation of osteoclasts and bone resorption. A statistically significant increase of TGF-β serum levels was observed between TGF-β values in implanted patients as compared to normal subjects and between TGF-β values after versus before implantation in Group A. A progressive decrease in TNF-α and IL-6 serum levels has been observed in both Groups, when compared with the initial values before the implantation. IL-1β levels decreased up to 60 months after the implantation Our data suggest that monitoring circulating cytokines could be a good indicator for the proliferation and activity of the periprosthetic synovial-like membrane and potential osteolysis. This could allow for an adequate early treatment.

Clinical implications of normal B-type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with severe chronic heart failure

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-497
Author(s):  
Changzheng Gao ◽  
Qi Lu ◽  
Suxia Guo ◽  
Zhenyu Yang ◽  
Kulin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Severe Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: High plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in patients with severe chronic heart failure (CHF) often indicate poor ventricular function and poor prognosis. However, in some such patients plasma BNP levels are normal. Objective: To investigate the clinical implications of BNP levels in patients with severe CHF. Methods: Fifty-seven patients with severe CHF were divided into group A (13 normal plasma BNP level) and 44 patients (high plasma BNP levels) group B. Diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (or angiotensin II receptor antagonist, e.g., metoprolol) and digitalis were used as conventional treatment. The clinical characteristics of all patients in two groups were analyzed and compared. Results: At the first admission, left ventricular end diastolic diameter in group B was significantly lower than group A (p < 0.05), and the plasma BNP level in group B was significantly higher than group A (p < 0.05). When metoprolol was used, 6 and 5 patients in group A and B could not tolerate the initial dose. In other cases using metoprolol at average maximum tolerance dose of metoprolol 12.5-6.25 and 24.20-11.22 mg/day in group A and B, respectively, there was a significant difference between them (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma BNP levels between two groups during stable period. The plasma BNP level in group B during acute worsening stage was significantly higher than in the remission stage (962.73-165.00 ng/L vs 876.24-167.70 ng/L, p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between group A (74.03-11.18 ng/L) and group B (71.38-11.68 ng/L) (p > 0.05). The mobility of group A was higher than group B (11/12 vs 6/44, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that, the plasma BNP level was the independent risk factor for predicting cardiac death (regression coefficient, 3.817; OR, 45.488; 95% CI, 5.322ʺ388.791). Conclusion: In patients with severe CHF, normal plasma BNP level suggests depletion of BNP secretion and further deterioration of cardiac function, indicating a poor prognosis.

scholarly journals Diagnostic performances and clinical usefulness of comprehensive non-commercial software for renogram analysis: Values of renal output efficiency and normalized residual activity in suspected kidney outflow obstruction

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Beatovic ◽  
Marija Radulovic ◽  
Otas Durutovic ◽  
Milos Veljkovic ◽  
Jelena Saponjski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Activity ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Output Efficiency ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Furosemide Test ◽  
One Way Anova

Introduction/Objective. Nuclear Medicine Section of IAEA has developed the software for dynamic renal scintigraphy, which allows calculation of advanced parameters of drainage: renal output efficiency (OE) and normalized residual activity (NORA). The aim of this study was to validate IAEA software by comparing results of parameters of renal drainage in normal subjects against their established reference values and to assess diagnostic accuracy of OE and NORA in distinguishing between obstruction/unobstruction. Methods. 55 patients with suspected obstruction and 36 kidney donors were investigated. Group A consisted of 24 obstructed kidneys, Group B of 37 kidneys with dilated urinary tract and Group C of 72 normal kidneys. 40min acquisition was applied. Furosemide was administered after 20min. Post-micturition image was acquired at 50min. Parameters analyzed were: OE at 20min (OE20) and at the end of furosemide test (OE40), NORA at 20min (NORA20) and after micturition (NORAPM). One-way ANOVA was used for evaluating differences between Groups. Ability of OE40 and NORAPM to distinguish between obstruction/unobstruction was determined by ROC curve analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve and cutoff values were analyzed. Results. Excellent agreement of our results with established OE and NORA values was found. Difference between Groups was significant for OE20, OE40 NORA20 and NORAPM (p < 0.001). Cut-off values for obstruction were 82% and 0.11 for OE40 and NORAPM, respectively. Conclusion. IAEA software gives reliable analysis of diuretic renography and helps to better diagnose obstruction. IAEA should be encouraged to produce final version of the software and to release it through Web site.

scholarly journals The usefulness of conventional and echo colour Doppler sonography in the differential diagnosis of toxic multinodular goitres

2000 ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Boi ◽  
M Loy ◽  
M Piga ◽  
A Serra ◽  
F Atzeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Multinodular Goitre ◽  
Toxic Adenoma ◽  
Radionuclide Distribution ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential role of conventional sonography and colour flow Doppler (CFD) sonography (CFDS) in the differential diagnosis of toxic multinodular goitres. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We investigated 55 patients with untreated hyperthyroidism (24 with typical toxic diffuse goitre of Graves' disease (Group A); 26 with multinodular goitre (Group B); and five with single toxic adenoma (Group C); 22 euthyroid subjects (12 with non-toxic multinodular goitre (Group D) and ten normal subjects (Group E)) were included as controls. In all cases free thyroxine, free tri-iodothyronine, TSH, TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), anti-thyroperoxidase antibody, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies were determined and a [(99m)Tc]pertechnetate thyroid scan was performed. RESULTS: Patients with toxic multinodular goitre displayed two different CFDS patterns: 18 patients (Group B-1) had nodules with normal vascularity surrounded by diffuse parenchymal hypoechogenicity with markedly increased CFD signal and maximal peak systolic velocity (PSV) (a pattern similar to Group A patients with Graves' disease); eight patients (Group B-2) had increased intra- and perinodular CFD signal and PSV with normal extranodular vascularity (a pattern similar to that found in Group C patients with single toxic adenoma). Patients of Group B-1 showed a proportion of clinically evident thyroid ophthalmopathy, positive TRAb and other thyroid autoantibodies similar to that observed in Group A patients, while no evidence of thyroid autoimmunity was found in Group B-2. Sixteen out of 18 (89%) patients from Group B-1 displayed a scintiscan pattern of diffuse uneven radionuclide distribution, while seven out of eight (87.5%) of those from Group B-2 had localized uptake in multiple discrete nodules. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that Group B-1 mostly represents patients with the multinodular variant of Graves' disease, while Group B-2 represents patients with non-autoimmune toxic multinodular goitre. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that combined conventional sonography and CFDS may easily distinguish nodular variants of Graves' disease from non-autoimmune forms of toxic multinodular goitre and confirms the clinical usefulness of this technique in the first-line evaluation of hyperthyroid patients.

Inhibitory effect of adenosine on intimal hyperplasia and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in a carotid arterial anastomosis animal model

Vascular ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokhan Albayrak ◽  
Erdem Silistreli ◽  
Bekir Ergur ◽  
Sule Kalkan ◽  
Ozalp Karabay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Endothelial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Purpose The effect of adenosine (9-β-0-ribifuranosyladenine) on the endothelial cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia is investigated in the rabbit carotid artery anastomosis model. Methods Twenty-eight New Zealand white rabbits were arranged in four groups of seven animals each. The right carotid arteries of each animal were transsected and re-anastomosed. The left sides remained as control. In Group A, no medication was used. In Group B, subcutaneous Adenosine was applied for 3 days. In Group C, the same dose was applied for 7 days, and in Group D for 21 days. After 28 days, the luminal diameters, luminal areas, intima/media ratios were all measured by using histopathological evaluation. Findings The mean luminal diameters and areas of the four groups were smaller than the control ones. Massive thickening of smooth muscle cell proliferation and dense intensifying in the connecting tissues were observed most prominently in Group A, in decreasing degrees within other groups. Intima/media ratio was highest in Group A. Scoring the quantity of e-NOS positive staining also revealed a significant difference between the experimental groups and their control associates. Conclusion The process of endothelial cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia can be significantly reduced by the use of adenosine.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of hematopoietic growth factors released by stromal cells from normal donors or transplanted patients [see comments]

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Migliaccio ◽  
G Migliaccio ◽  
G Johnson ◽  
JW Adamson ◽  
B Torok-Storb
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Hematopoietic Growth Factors ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract We compared the erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) and colony- stimulating activity (CSA) released under serum-deprived conditions by stromal cells derived from nine normal subjects and from nine patients after bone marrow transplantation. BPA and CSA were defined according to the capacity of the conditioned media (CM) to stimulate formation of erythroid bursts and granulocyte/macrophage (GM) colonies in serum- deprived cultures of nonadherent marrow cells. Six patients (group A) failed to establish or maintain successful allografts during the study. The remaining three (group B) did not experience problems with engraftment. CM from all stromal cell cultures contained detectable levels of BPA. Preincubation of the CM with an anti-GM colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) monoclonal antibody (MoAb), but not with a rabbit anti-interleukin-3 (IL-3) serum, reduced BPA by an average of 94%. CM from normal and group B stromal cell cultures contained detectable CSA, and the levels correlated with the amounts of granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) detected by a specific bioassay. G-CSF was not detectable in medium conditioned by stromal cells from transplanted patients with poor marrow function. These results indicate that CM from stromal cells from normal subjects and transplanted patients with good marrow function contain both GM-CSF and G-CSF, while CM from stromal cells from transplanted patients with poor marrow function contain detectable levels of GM-CSF only. The reduced capacity of these stromal cells to produce G-CSF is associated with a reduced capacity of the CM to sustain GM colony formation and may be associated with the inability of these patients to sustain their neutrophil counts in vivo.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Hemodialysis Methods on Microbiota in Uremic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Haidong He ◽  
Yan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Uremic Patients ◽  
Group B ◽  
Esrd Patients

Background. To investigate the effect of hemodialysis on microbiota in uremic patients. Objective. To investigate the effect of hemodialysis on microbiota in uremic patients. Methods. This study included 85 adult patients who have received hemodialysis since August 2014, and the treatment plan has not changed for more than 12 months. These patients were divided into hemodialysis group (group A), hemodialysis+hemodialysis filtration group (group B), and hemodialysis+hemodialysis filtration+blood perfusion group (group C). Twenty-four adult ESRD patients (CK group) were enrolled. Serum biochemical indexes were measured, glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) was estimated, dialysis adequacy (kt/V) was calculated, and fresh feces were collected. At the same time, the feces of 30 health workers were selected as the control. 16S rRNA sequence was used to determine the intestinal flora of all fecal specimens. First of all, we analyzed the difference of the whole flora distribution between dialysis and nondialysis ESRD patients; then, we selected the most representative content of bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis to analyze the influence of different blood purification methods on the intestinal flora. Results. (1) The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in dialysis patients was lower than that in nondialysis ESRD patients, and CRP in group C was lower than that in groups A and B. There was no significant difference in kt/V between group A, group B, and group C. There was no significant difference in EGFR between the four groups. (2) The species diversity of ESRD patients without dialysis (CK group) was significantly lower than that of ESRD patients with dialysis; there was no significant difference between group A and group B; the species diversity of group C was significantly higher than that of group A and group B. (3) Compared with the control group, the levels of bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus acidophilus in ESRD patients were significantly lower, while the levels of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis were significantly higher. (4) The levels of bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus acidophilus in hemodialysis patients were significantly higher than those in nonblood purification treatment group, and the levels of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis were significantly lower than those in nonblood purification treatment group. (5) The level of Lactobacillus acidophilus in group C was significantly higher than that in groups A and B, and the level of Escherichia coli was significantly lower than that in groups A and B. Conclusion. ESRD patients have microbiota disorder. Hemodialysis can improve microbiota disorder in uremic patients. Compared with ordinary hemodialysis, combined hemoperfusion dialysis can further improve microbiota disorder.

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