Moral Identity Among Low–Socioeconomic Status Adolescents: Stressful Events and Family Relationships Considered

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-415
Author(s):  
Alexandra N. Davis ◽  
Cara Streit
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Moral Identity ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Processes ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

The current study aimed to examine themes surrounding the moral identity of adolescents from two low-income communities in the United States using qualitative interviews. Based on previous conceptual models, the authors aimed to examine the co-occurrence of themes of morality, stressors, and family processes. Participants were adolescents from the Northeast and Midwest ( n = 38; mean age = 15.64; 73.7% female; 23.7% Black, 30.6% Latino, and 47.4% White). The results demonstrated that morality was a salient theme among adolescents. In addition, a subset of adolescents discussed stressors and family processes in conjunction with morality. The discussion will focus on the resiliency of youth living in low-income communities.

Predictors of Unmet Dental Health Needs in US Adults in 2018: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442110356
Author(s):  
D.J. Gaskin ◽  
H. Zare ◽  
R. McCleary ◽  
O. Kanwar ◽  
A.L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Dental Visit ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dental Needs

Objective: To identify predictors of unmet dental needs for adults 18 y of age or older in the United States. Method: Using the Aday and Andersen framework and data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we ran logistic regression to estimate predictors for adults of not having a dental visit within 5 y and having lost any teeth using a national sample of 155,060 survey respondents. Results: Results showed that predisposing factors (age, race/ethnicity, gender, and educational attainment) and enabling factors (income and health insurance status) are important predictors for losing teeth due to decay or gum disease. Men, the elderly, and less educated and low-income residents were less likely to have seen a dentist within the past 5 y and more likely to have lost their permanent teeth. Compared to non-Hispanic White adults, Hispanics adults were more likely to have had a dental visit within the past 5 y. Unmet dental needs varied across states. People living in states with extensive Medicaid dental care benefit coverage were less likely to lose their teeth and more likely to have had a dental visit within the past 5 y. Conclusion: Efforts to improve oral health should address unmet dental needs of men and adults with low socioeconomic status. Studying the variation between state oral health care programs could further our understanding of how public policy can improve population oral health. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Men, non-Hispanic Blacks, mixed and other race minorities, and low socioeconomic status adults are most at risk of unmet dental needs. States can address these needs by expanding Medicaid coverage for adults.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Disparities in Foods/Beverages and Nutrients Consumed by U.S. Adolescents When Snacking: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2530
Author(s):  
Navika Gangrade ◽  
Janet Figueroa ◽  
Tashara M. Leak
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
High Income ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Income Ratio

Snacking contributes a significant portion of adolescents’ daily energy intake and is associated with poor overall diet and increased body mass index. Adolescents from low socioeconomic status (SES) households have poorer snacking behaviors than their higher-SES counterparts. However, it is unclear if the types of food/beverages and nutrients consumed during snacking differ by SES among adolescents. Therefore, this study examines SES disparities in the aforementioned snacking characteristics by analyzing the data of 7132 adolescents (12–19 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018. Results reveal that adolescents from low-income households (poverty-to-income ratio (PIR) ≤ 1.3) have lower odds of consuming the food/beverage categories “Milk and Dairy” (aOR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58-0.95; p = 0.007) and “Fruits” (aOR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.50–0.78; p = 0.001) as snacks and higher odds of consuming “Beverages” (aOR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.19-1.76; p = 0.001) compared to those from high-income households (PIR > 3.5). Additionally, adolescents from low- and middle-income (PIR > 1.3–3.5) households consume more added sugar (7.98 and 7.78 g vs. 6.66 g; p = 0.012, p = 0.026) and less fiber (0.78 and 0.77 g vs. 0.84 g; p = 0.044, p = 0.019) from snacks compared to their high-income counterparts. Future research is necessary to understand factors that influence snacking among adolescents, and interventions are needed, especially for adolescents from low-SES communities.

Effects of Violence on Trauma among Immigrant Women from Central America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlette Vila ◽  
Elizabeth C Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Hierarchical Regression Model ◽  
Effects Of Violence

Abstract The purpose of the study was to explore the effects of violence on trauma among forced-immigrant women from the northern triangle of Central America (NTCA) resulting from direct and indirect violence in their country of origin and during the migratory journey through Mexico. In trauma theory the concept of compounding stressors is an important framework for understanding aspects of human development, especially among low-socioeconomic-status and oppressed populations. Authors hypothesized that violence would have an impact on trauma and conducted interviews with 108 women ages 18 to 65 from the NTCA who traveled by land across Mexico before entering the United States. A survey instrument captured demographic information and types of violence experienced in the home country and during the migratory journey. A standardized screening tool was used to measure trauma symptoms. A hierarchical regression model for trauma was entered in the following order: (a) demographics and (b) violence. Violence was found to be a significant predictor for trauma. Findings suggest that having experienced violence in the country of origin and through the migratory journey had a powerful role in predicting trauma symptoms among immigrant women from the NTCA.

scholarly journals “Trailer Trash” Stigma and Belonging in Florida Mobile Home Parks

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarethe Kusenbach
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mobile Home ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Mobile Homes ◽  
Community Belonging

<p>In the United States, residents of mobile homes and mobile home communities are faced with cultural stigmatization regarding their places of living. While common, the “trailer trash” stigma, an example of both housing and neighborhood/territorial stigma, has been understudied in contemporary research. Through a range of discursive strategies, many subgroups within this larger population manage to successfully distance themselves from the stigma and thereby render it inconsequential (Kusenbach, 2009). But what about those residents—typically white, poor, and occasionally lacking in stability—who do not have the necessary resources to accomplish this? This article examines three typical responses by low-income mobile home residents—here called resisting, downplaying, and perpetuating—leading to different outcomes regarding residents’ sense of community belonging. The article is based on the analysis of over 150 qualitative interviews with mobile home park residents conducted in West Central Florida between 2005 and 2010.</p>

Health Disparity in Complicated Colorectal Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly C. Bowman ◽  
Parissa Tabrizian ◽  
Dana A. Telem ◽  
Leon Boudourakis ◽  
Celia M. Divino
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
White Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care Institution

The purpose of this study was to assess for disparity within a cohort of patients presenting with complicated colorectal cancer. A retrospective study of 522 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer at a tertiary care institution was performed. Complicated cancer was defined by perforating or obstructing colonic lesions. Statistical analysis was conducted by χ2 test and analysis of variance. Of the 522 patients, 72 patients (14%) presented with complicated colorectal cancer. Blacks in low-income brackets (36 vs 0%, P < 0.001) and those with public insurance (55 vs 16%, P < 0.05) had increased presentation with complicated colorectal cancers as compared with whites. Black (91%) and Hispanic women (86%), when compared with white women (37%) had increased incidence of complicated colorectal cancer ( P < 0.05). Patients in low-income brackets, regardless of race, had increased cancer recurrence rates (57 vs 8%, P < 0.001) compared with patients in average or high-income brackets. Mortality rate was 57 per cent in Hispanic, 29 per cent in white, and 27 per cent in black patients ( P = nonsignificant). Specific targeting of colorectal cancer screening, education, and follow-up programs is imperative for minority women and patients of low socioeconomic status.

Racial and socioeconomic disparities in follicular lymphoma survival.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18173-e18173
Author(s):  
Richard Stephen Sheppard ◽  
Adewumi Adekunle ◽  
Stefani Beale ◽  
Meena Ahluwalia
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Asian Pacific Islander ◽  
Asian Pacific

e18173 Background: Follicular Lymphoma (FL) is a the second most common Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) diagnosed in the United States with 2.6 per 100,000 men and women per year from 2011 to 2015 when age adjusted as per the National Cancer Institute with the number of deaths of 0.5 per 100,000 men and women per year. It known that FL is one of the most clinically indolent NHL and due to this, survival rates are generally more favorable when compared to other B Cell Lymphomas. With this study, we aim to analyse socioeconomic and racial disparities in the survival rates for FL. Methods: The authors identified patients diagnosed with FL between 1973 and 2015 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Overall survival was estimated and compared between racial/ethnic groups using the log-rank test. Our outcome variables were 1-year, 5-year and mortality. Our independent variables were race and socioeconomic status. We controlled for age, demographic characteristics, time of diagnosis, pathological classification, treatment and socioeconomic status. Results: A total of 66 127 patients were identified; 90% of the patients were White, 4% Black, and 4% Asian. We noted significant differences in disease presentation, socioeconomic status, and outcomes. Asian/Pacific Islander had the lowest survival with a mean of 228 survival months, Blacks had a mean survival months of 237, and Whites had a mean survival months of 234. Conclusions: Disparities exist in the care and outcomes of FL. A low socioeconomic status is correlated with decreased survival.

LATINA/O WHITENING?

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Racial Identification ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Boundary Maintenance ◽  
Eastern European Immigrant

AbstractSome scholars argue that Latina/os in the United States may soon become White, much like the supposed Whitening of Eastern European immigrant groups in the early twentieth century. High rates of White racial identification on surveys among Latina/os is one explanation provided for this assertion. However, personal identification is but one element of racial boundary maintenance. It is when personal identification is externally validated that it is most closely associated with group-based experiences. This article maps components of the White-Latino racial boundary that may be permeable to White expansion by examining conditions under which Latina/os self-identify as Whiteandreport that they are externally classified as White by other Americans. Employing novel data from the 2006 Portraits of American Life Study, this article shows that nearly 40% of Latina/os sometimes self-identify as White, yet a much smaller proportion—only 6%—report being externally classified as White by others. Moreover, logistic regression analyses suggest that for those with light phenotypical features and high levels of socioeconomic status, the odds of reported external Whitening are increased. Interestingly, phenotypically light Latina/os with low-socioeconomic-status levels have low probabilities of reporting external classification as White when compared to their phenotypically light and high-socioeconomic-status counterparts, suggesting that the combination of both skin color and class may be central to the White-Latino racial boundary. Results also indicate that many who report external Whitening do not prefer to self-identify as White. In sum, multidimensional measures of racial classification indicate that only a very small minority of Latina/os may be “becoming White” in ways that some previous researchers have predicted.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic reveals persistent disparities in nitrogen dioxide pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (30) ◽  
pp. e2022409118
Author(s):  
Gaige Hunter Kerr ◽  
Daniel L. Goldberg ◽  
Susan C. Anenberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Demographic Subgroups

The unequal spatial distribution of ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2), an air pollutant related to traffic, leads to higher exposure for minority and low socioeconomic status communities. We exploit the unprecedented drop in urban activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and use high-resolution, remotely sensed NO2 observations to investigate disparities in NO2 levels across different demographic subgroups in the United States. We show that, prior to the pandemic, satellite-observed NO2 levels in the least White census tracts of the United States were nearly triple the NO2 levels in the most White tracts. During the pandemic, the largest lockdown-related NO2 reductions occurred in urban neighborhoods that have 2.0 times more non-White residents and 2.1 times more Hispanic residents than neighborhoods with the smallest reductions. NO2 reductions were likely driven by the greater density of highways and interstates in these racially and ethnically diverse areas. Although the largest reductions occurred in marginalized areas, the effect of lockdowns on racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic NO2 disparities was mixed and, for many cities, nonsignificant. For example, the least White tracts still experienced ∼1.5 times higher NO2 levels during the lockdowns than the most White tracts experienced prior to the pandemic. Future policies aimed at eliminating pollution disparities will need to look beyond reducing emissions from only passenger traffic and also consider other collocated sources of emissions such as heavy-duty vehicles.

scholarly journals Improving participation of hard-to-reach older people in diet interventions: the INVITE strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bocquier ◽  
C Dubois ◽  
P Verger ◽  
N Darmon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Home Visit ◽  
Formative Evaluation ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Recruitment Strategy ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Abstract Background A lot of behavioural interventions promoting healthy eating and physical activity are focusing older people, but, among them, individuals from low socioeconomic status and/or experiencing social isolation participate less. The aim of the present study was to design, pilot and perform a formative evaluation of an active recruitment strategy called ’INVITE’. This strategy aimed to improve participation of hard-to-reach older people in existing collective workshops combining diet and physical activities dedicated to older people. Methods We co-constructed this strategy, based on results from a literature review, qualitative interviews with older people and professionals using the Behaviour Change Wheel framework as a guide. INVITE includes 5 steps: i) identification of socially deprived/isolated people aged 60-85 years in retirement fund databases; ii) postal invitation letter; iii) phone call; iv) home visit by a social worker. The formative evaluation used questionnaires (closed and open-ended questions) completed by 2 social workers in April 2019. Results Among the 54 older people selected in the databases, 29 could be reached by phone. Among these 29 persons, 25 reported being interested by the collective workshops; 17 refused the home visit (main reasons: not available during the workshops period, current health problems); 12 accepted the home visit, but only 10 could be visited at home (one was ill; one cancelled the visit). Nine out of these 10 persons accepted to participate to the workshops. The main motivating factors were that workshops were: free; perceived as friendly; and as an opportunity to “go out” and to receive diet counselling to improve diet quality with no additional cost. Conclusions The INVITE strategy was perceived positively but adjustments are needed to improve home visits acceptation rate (e.g., by revising the criteria used to identify people in the databases). We will now evaluate the attendance rate to the collective workshop. Key messages The INVITE strategy was designed to improve participation of hard-to-reach older people in combined diet and physical activity collective workshops. This strategy was perceived positively by most older people contacted and both social workers.

Stress and family relationships among college student parents: A mixed methods study

2020 ◽  
pp. 026540752097519
Author(s):  
Aryn M. Dotterer ◽  
Audrey C. Juhasz ◽  
Kristin N. Murphy ◽  
SuJung Park ◽  
Lisa K. Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
College Student ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Student Parents

College student parents represent a unique population because they are typically low-income, accrue more debt than traditional students, and must balance the role of student and parent. Using a mixed methods design, this study examined the relation between college student parents’ stress and distress in their relationships with their children and examined how parents managed their multiple roles. Parent participants ( n = 80; 54 mothers, 26 fathers; M age = 28.74 years, SD = 4.72) completed an online survey and a subsample ( n = 14) participated in semi-structured interviews. Results revealed that college student parents experience a variety of stressors that spillover into their relationships with their children and these associations appear more detrimental for father-child relationships. However, in-depth qualitative interviews not only highlighted the various sources of stress (e.g., time demands, multiple roles), but also revealed internal and external resources that college student parents draw on to help cope with stressors. Findings suggest that program efforts to strengthen the co-parenting relationship and to help college student parents more effectively manage their stress may be beneficial for improved parent-child relationships.

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