Fluoride-induced thyroid dysfunction in rats: roles of dietary protein and calcium level

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Wang ◽  
Z Yang ◽  
B Zhou ◽  
H Gao ◽  
X Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
The Impact

To assess the roles of dietary protein (Pr) and calcium (Ca) level associated with excessive fluoride (F) intake and the impact of dietary Pr, Ca, and F on thyroid function, 144 30-day-old Wistar albino rats were randomly allotted to six groups of 24 (female:male = 1:1). The six groups were fed (1) a normal control (NC) diet (17.92% Pr, 0.85% Ca = NC group); (2) the NC diet and high F (338 mg NaF [=150 mg F ion]/L in their drinking water = NC+F group); (3) low Pr and low Ca diet (10.01% Pr, 0.24% Ca = LPrLCa group); (4) low Pr and low Ca diet plus high F = LPrLCa+F group; (5) high Pr and low Ca diet plus high F (25.52% Pr, 0.25% Ca = HPrLCa+F group); and (6) low Pr and high Ca diet plus high F (10.60% Pr, 1.93% Ca = LPrHCa+F group). The areas of thyroid follicles were determined by Image-Proplus 5.1, and triiodothyronine (T3), free T3 (FT3), thyroxine (T4), and free T4 (FT4) levels in serum were measured by radioimmunoassay. The histopathological study revealed obviously flatted follicular epithelia cells and hyperplastic nodules, consisting of thyroid parafollicular cells that appeared by excessive F ingestion, on the 120th day. Pr or Ca supplementation reverses the F-induced damage in malnutrition. The serum T3, FT3, T4, and FT4 levels in the NC+F group were significantly decreased and significantly increased in the LPrLCa+F group. Thus, excessive F administration induces thyroid dysfunction in rats; dietary Pr and Ca level play key roles in F-induced thyroid dysfunction.

scholarly journals Effect of a Decellularized Omentum Scaffold with Combination of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma on Healing of Critical-Sized Bone Defect: A Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10900
Author(s):  
Abdulsamet Emet ◽  
Erdi Ozdemir ◽  
Duygu Uckan Cetinkaya ◽  
Emine Kilic ◽  
Ramin Hashemihesar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Critical Bone Defects

The high costs and extensive time needed for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects are still major clinical concerns in orthopedic surgery; therefore, researchers continue to look for more cost and time-effective methods. This study aims to investigate the effects of a decellularized omentum scaffold with a combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells on the healing of critical-sized bone defects. Wistar albino rats (n = 30) were investigated in five groups. Critical-sized bone defects were formed on bilateral radius shafts. No scaffold, decellularized omentum, omentum with PRP and omentum + mesenchymal stem cells was used in group 1 (control group), 2, 3 and 4, respectively. In addition, omentum with a combination of mesenchymal stem cells +PRP was used in group 5. After 6 weeks, both radiological and histological healing were evaluated comparatively among the groups. After the use of a decellularized omentum scaffold, vitality of new cells was maintained, and new bone formation occurred. When compared to the control group, radiological healing was significantly better (p = 0.047) in the omentum and omentum + PRP-treated groups. Furthermore, histological healing was better in the omentum and omentum + PRP-treated groups than the control group (p = 0.001). The use of a decellularized omentum scaffold is suitable in the healing of critical bone defects.

scholarly journals The Effect of Oral Intake of Sodium Benzoate on the Activity of Liver Marker Enzymes and Electrolyte Level of the Wistar Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Efekemo, Oghenetekevwe ◽  
Essien, Eka Bassey ◽  
Akaninwor, Joyce Oronne
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Liver Marker Enzymes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

The in vivo effect of oral administration of varying concentrations (150, 250, 500 mg/kg body wt) of sodium benzoate (a known preservative in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry) on serum liver marker enzyme activity and electrolyte levels of wistar albino rats were investigated. The oral intake was administered at 24 hour intervals for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The groups were labeled; control (group 1), 7days (group 2), 14days (group 3), 21 days (group 4) and 28days (group 5). The rats were fed normal diet ad libitum and blood sample for the determination was taken at the end of the duration. For serum electrolytes, the result obtained for sodium benzoate concentrations administered showed significant (p≤0.05) increase in sodium (Na+) for groups 3, 4 and 5 for 150 mg/kg body wt. and group 2, 3, 4 and 5 for 250 mg/kg body wt and 500mg/kg body wt. of experimental rats. Chloride (Cl-) showed significant (p≤0.05) increase at all administered groups for 250 mg/kg and 500mg/kg. Potassium (K+) was only significantly increased at group 5 for 500mg/kg body wt. while for bicarbonate (HCO3) it showed no significant change in all treated groups. Values were all compared to the control. For liver marker enzymes, sodium benzoate significantly increased (p≤0.05) aspartate transaminase (AST) activity of experimental rats in groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 of 250 mg/kg body wt. and 500mg/kg body wt., alanine transaminase (ALT) showed significant increase (p≤0.05)  in group 4 and 5 for 250 mg/kg body wt and group 2, 3, 4 and 5 for 500 mg/kg body wt., alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed significant (p≤0.05) increase in group 2, 3, 4 and 5 for 500 mg/kg body wt.These findings suggest possible changes in blood chemistry due to the preservative.

scholarly journals The Curative Effect of Berberine Nanoparticles and Cisplatin Combination Therapies Against Hepatocarcinogenesis-Induced By N-Nitroso-Diethylamine In Male Rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2180-2200
Author(s):  
Nema Abdelhameed Mohamed ◽  
Awatef Mohamed Ali ◽  
Doaa Ahmed Ghareeb ◽  
Adham Rashed Mohamed ◽  
Yasmin Mohamed Elmokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Ccl4 Treatment ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

This study aimed to investigate whether berberine nanoparticles (BBR-NPs) and/or cisplatin supplementation could prevent hepatocarcinogenesis-induced by N-nitroso-diethylamine (DENA) in male rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups; Group 1: Control; Group 2: DENA-CCl4; Group 3: DENA-CCl4+Cisplatin; Group 4: DENA-CCl4+BBR-NPs; Group 5: DENA-CCl4+Cisplatin+BBR-NPs. DENA-CCl4 significantly increase AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, GGT, AFP activities and total bilirubin, while, 5, NT,  total protein and albumin decreased. DENA-CCl4 treatment caused increment in MDA levels and reduction in SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH in liver tissues. Moreover, DENA-CCl4 increase the gene expression of ADAM17 and TNF-α however,  P53 was declined. In addition, DENA-CCl4 caused severe histopathological lesions in the liver tissue. Interestingly, administration of berberine nanoparticles alone or in combination with cisplatin improves the hepatocarcinogenesis induced by DENA-CCl4 on the physiological, biochemical, molecular and histological levels by decreasing oxidative stress and preserving gene expression of ADAM17, TNF-α and P53. The present findings suggest that BBR-NPs with cisplatin might offer a promising strategy for the prevention of liver cancer.

scholarly journals Triazophos induced neuro-splenic toxicity and evaluation of antioxidative potential of aqueous Broccoli extract in Wistar albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 616-626
Author(s):  
Dharmender Sharma ◽  
Gurinder Kaur Sangha
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

The present investigation was carried out to assess the antioxidative potential of Broccoli sprouts aqueous extract (BE) against triazophos (TZ) induced oxidative stress (OS) in brain and spleen. In the experimental setup, six groups of rats were formed; Control (group 1), BE (group 2), TZ (group 3), and also BE+TZ groups such as BE1 (group 4), BE2 (group 5) and BE3 (group 6) groups. Rats were orally intubated for 30 days as per experimental design. After sacrifice, OS biomarkers viz; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were determined in brain and spleen. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was observed in plasma and brain samples. Histological study of the spleen in TZ rats showed increased thickness of capsule, congestion and hypocellularity in follicles of spleen’s white pulp and the histoarchitecture was restored in TZ+BE group rats. TZ caused degenerative changes in brain histology and rats showed mild congestion along with haemorrhage in the cerebral cortex. Results suggest that TZ exposure is associated with neural toxicity along with altered spleen stress biomarkers, which further corroborates with histopathological findings. It is inferred that BE exerts multi-mechanistic protective effects against TZ induced neuro-splenic toxicity which is attributable to its protective antioxidant actions.

scholarly journals Association between serum oestradiol level on the hCG administration day and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET among 3659 singleton live births

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Wanyu Zhang ◽  
Yihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ivf Et ◽  
Group 1

AbstractOestradiol, an important hormone in follicular development and endometrial receptivity, is closely related to clinical outcomes of fresh in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles. A supraphysiologic E2 level is inevitable during controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation (COH), and its effect on the outcome of IVF-ET is controversial. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the association between elevated serum oestradiol (E2) levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET cycles. The data of 3659 infertile patients with fresh IVF-ET cycles were analysed retrospectively between August 2009 and February 2017 in First Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Patients were categorized by serum E2 levels on the day of hCG administration into six groups: group 1 (serum E2 levels ≤ 1000 pg/mL, n = 230), group 2 (serum E2 levels between 1001 and 2000 pg/mL, n = 524), group 3 (serum E2 levels between 2001 and 3000 pg/mL, n = 783), group 4 (serum E2 levels between 3001 and 4000 pg/mL, n = 721), group 5 (serum E2 levels between 4001 and 5000 pg/mL, n = 548 ), and group 6 (serum E2 levels > 5000 pg/mL, n = 852). Univariate linear regression was used to evaluate the independent correlation between each factor and outcome index. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding factors. The LBW rates were as follows: 3.0% (group 1), 2.9% (group 2), 1.9% (group 3), 2.9% (group 4), 2.9% (group 5), and 2.0% (group 6) (P = 0.629), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of neonatal LBW among the six groups. We did not detect an association between peak serum E2 level during ovarian stimulation and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET. The results of this retrospective cohort study showed that serum E2 peak levels during ovarian stimulation were not associated with birth weight during IVF cycles. In addition, no association was found between higher E2 levels and increased LBW risk. Our observations suggest that the hyper-oestrogenic milieu during COS does not seem to have adverse effects on the birthweight of offspring after IVF. Although this study provides some reference, the obstetric-related factors were not included due to historical reasons. The impact of the high estrogen environment during COS on the birth weight of IVF offspring still needs future research.

scholarly journals Development of the spine following pinealectomy or sensorimotor cortical area damage

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-414
Author(s):  
Richard Chaloupka ◽  
Milan Dvořák ◽  
František Tichý ◽  
Jiří Veselý ◽  
Alois Nečas
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Area ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Growing Rat ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
New Hypothesis ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this experimental study was to assess the spine development in growing rats following pinealectomy or partial sensorimotor cortical area damage. A total of 68 Wistar albino rats (Rattus norvegicus v. alba f. domestica) aged 3–4 weeks were divided into four groups. In group 1 (n = 22) pinealectomy was performed, in group 2 (n = 24) the sensorymotor cortical area 2 × 1 × 1 mm below the coronal suture was removed. Sham operation consisted of a craniotomy (n = 11) and a craniotomy with a durotomy (n = 11). All surgeries were performed from the left side. The rats were killed four months after surgery and radiography was then made. Scoliosis, C2-T7 lordosis and T7-S1 kyphosis were measured.The brains of rats after sensorimotor cortical area removal were isolated and investigated including histological examination (light microscope). Scoliosis of 9–14 degrees (mean value 10.8) was developed in five animals after pinealectomy; in rats after removal of the sensorimotor cortical area scoliosis of 10–24 degrees (mean value 15.9) was observed in eight animals. The scoliotic curves were non structural. Our results indicate the importance of cortical area damage, together with craniotomy and durotomy in the development of growing rat spine. These damages could cause a disorder of balance between smaller inhibitory and greater facilitating area of central nervous system, controlling the muscular tone and resulting in the development of increased lordosis and kyphosis and non structural scoliosis due to muscle imbalance. Thus the new hypothesis of scoliosis aetiology was introduced.

Hypolipidemic effect of prepared Polyherbal formulations in Wistar albino rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 4314-4320
Author(s):  
Ranjan Kumar Giri ◽  
Sunil Kumar Kanungo ◽  
Saroj Kumar Patro ◽  
Minaketan Sahoo ◽  
Dibya Sundar Panda
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Lipid lowering effect of polyherbal formulations using eight different plants was evaluated in triton and diet induced hyperlipidemic models of wistar albino rats. Formulations such as Tablet, Syrup and Suspension inhibited the elevation in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels on Triton WR 1339 administration rats. The formulations at the same dose level significantly attenuated the elevated serum total cholesterol and triglycerides with an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The standard drug Niacin showed slightly better effects. The treatment with herbal formulations produced 30-35 percentage improvement in oral glucose tolerance. Similarly all the formulations also reduced the elevated C-reactive protein which is a marker of Hyperlipidemia. In histopathological study it was found that treatment of polyherbal formulation significantly reduced the plaque size in aorta compared with HFD treated control group. The outcome of the study reveals the lipid lowering activity of polyherbal formulations in dyslipidaemic conditions by interfering with the biosynthesis of cholesterol and utilization of lipids.

scholarly journals Doxorubicin Toxicity can be Ameliorated during Antioxidant L-Carnitine Supplementation

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Othman A. Alshabanah ◽  
Mohamed M. Hafez ◽  
Mohamed M. Al-Harbi ◽  
Zeinab K. Hassan ◽  
Salim S. Al Rejaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
High Cumulative Dose ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Doxorubicin is an antibiotic broadly used in treatment of different types of solid tumors. The present study investigates whether L-carnitine, antioxidant agent, can reduce the hepatic damage induced by doxorubicin. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups: group 1 was intraperitoneal injected with normal saline for 10 consecutive days; group 2, 3 and 4 were injected every other day with doxorubicin (3 mg/kg, i.p.), to obtain treatments with cumulative doses of 6, 12 and 18 mg/kg. The fifth group was injected with L-carnitine (200 mg/kg, i.p.) for 10 consecutive days and the sixth group was received doxorubicin (18 mg/kg) and L-carnitine (200 mg/kg). High cumulative dose of doxorubicin (18 mg/kg) significantly increases the biochemical levels of alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), total nitrate/nitrite (NOx) p < 0.05 and decrease in glutathione (GSH ), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHP x), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) activity p < 0.05. The effect of doxorubicin on the activity of antioxidant genes was confirmed by real time PCR in which the expression levels of these genes in liver tissue were significantly decrease compared to control p < 0.05. Interestingly, L-carnitine supplementation completely reversed the biochemical and gene expression levels induced by doxorubicin to the control values. In conclusion, data from this study suggest that the reduction of antioxidant defense during doxorubicin administration resulted in hepatic injury could be prevented by L-carnitine supplementation by decreasing the oxidative stress and preserving both the activity and gene expression level of antioxidant enzymes.

Effects of erdosteine on cyclosporin-A-induced nephrotoxicity

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tutanc ◽  
V Arica ◽  
N Yılmaz ◽  
A Nacar ◽  
I Zararsiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Aim: In cyclosporin-A (CsA)-induced toxicity, oxidative stress has been implicated as a potential responsible mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective role of erdosteine against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity in terms of tissue oxidant/antioxidant parameters and light microscopy in rats. Materials and methods: Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four groups. Group 1 rats treated with sodium chloride served as the control, group 2 rats were treated with CsA, group 3 with CsA plus erdosteine, and group 4 with erdosteine alone. Animals were killed and blood samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), total protein (TP), and albumin (ALB) levels. Kidney sections were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, as well as for histopathological changes. Results: In the CsA group, MDA, GSH-Px, BUN, and Cr levels were increased. The TP and ALB levels were decreased. These changes had been improved by erdosteine administration. Other biochemical parameters did not show any significant change. Conclusion: These results indicate that erdosteine produces a protective mechanism against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity and suggest a role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis.

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