Blood lead levels, calcium metabolism and bone-turnover among automobile technicians in Sagamu, Nigeria: Implications for elevated risk of susceptibility to bone diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 074823372110489
Author(s):  
Nnenna L Nwobi ◽  
Joseph C Nwobi ◽  
Esther N Adejumo ◽  
Osahon S Usiobeigbe ◽  
Opeyemi A Adetunji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tracp 5B

Lead is an occupational toxicant and a recognised health threat particularly in developing countries. Hence, this study explored the interaction of blood lead level (BLL), a conventional marker of lead exposure, with indices of calcium metabolism and biomarkers of bone-turnover in 120 adult male automobile technicians (AT) with ≥ 1 year duration in professional practice. The AT as well as the control group, which comprised 120 age, body-size and socio-economically matched male administrative workers, were recruited from Sagamu, South West Nigeria. Levels of blood lead, serum indices of calcium metabolism [total calcium (tCa), ionised calcium (iCa), phosphate, albumin, magnesium (Mg) and 25-Hydroxycholecalceferol (25-OHCC)], biomarkers of bone formation [bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and osteocalcin (OC)] and biomarkers of bone resorption [tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TACRP-5b) and urinary hydroxyproline (UHYP)] were determined in all participants. The BLL, 25-OHCC, TRACP-5b and UHYP significantly increased while tCa and iCa significantly reduced in AT compared to control. However, no significant difference was observed in phosphate, albumin, Mg, BALP and OC in AT compared to control. Interestingly, BLL demonstrated a significant negative association with tCa and iCa but a significant positive association with 25-OHCC, TRACP-5b and UHYP. However, BLL did not show significant association with phosphate, albumin, Mg, BALP and OC. Increased lead exposure as well as altered calcium metabolism and bone-turnover demonstrated by the automobile technicians may be suggestive of lead-induced accelerated bone demineralisation. These workers may be predisposed to high risk of increased susceptibility to bone diseases if this sub-clinical picture is sustained.

scholarly journals Effect of lead exposure from electronic waste on haemoglobin synthesis in children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwu Wang ◽  
Peng Huang ◽  
Ruibiao Zhang ◽  
Xueyong Feng ◽  
Qiulin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Primitive electronic waste (e-waste) recycling is ongoing in Guiyu, so toxic heavy metals may continue to threaten the health of children in the area. Objective This study primarily aimed to evaluate the effect of e-waste exposure on haemoglobin (Hb) synthesis in preschool children. Methods Medical examinations were conducted with the permission of children’s guardians and the approval of the Ethics Committee of the Medical College of Shantou University. This study recruited 224 children (aged 3–6 years, exposed group) who lived in Guiyu and 204 children (aged 3–6 years, control group) who lived in a town free of e-waste pollution. Blood levels of lead, Hb, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12 were tested in all children. Furthermore, all children were assessed for thalassemia, and their parents were asked to fill in questionnaires. Results There were no significant differences in the level of ferritin, folate, or vitamin B12 between the exposed and control groups (P > 0.05). No children were identified as having thalassemia in all study participants. Blood lead level (BLL) and the risk of children with BLL ≥ 10 µg/dL in the exposed group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.01). Three subgroups of each group were created according to BLL (Group A: < 5.0 µg/dL; Group B: 5.0–9.9 µg/dL; Group C: ≥ 10.0 µg/dL). Hb level decreased with elevated BLL in the exposed group (P = 0.03), but not in the control group (P = 0.14). Hb levels in group B and group C were also significantly lower in the exposed group than in the control group (Group B: 122.6 ± 9.5 g/L versus 125.8 ± 8.2 g/L, P = 0.01; Group C: 120.3 ± 7.3 g/L versus 123.6 ± 8.3 g/L, P = 0.03). In addition, the prevalence of anaemia associated with BLLs above 10 µg/dL and between 5.0 and 9.9 µg/dL were both significantly higher in the exposed group than in the control group (4.0% vs. 0.5%, 5.4% vs. 1.5%, respectively, both P < 0.05). Conclusion Lead exposure more significantly inhibits Hb synthesis in children who live in e-waste dismantling areas than in those who live in non-e-waste dismantling areas. Other toxins released from e-waste may also contribute to the inhibition of Hb synthesis and may lead to anaemia in local children. Further investigations are needed to provide evidence for the development of relevant protective measures.

scholarly journals Correlation of Lead Exposure on Calcium Metabolism, Vitamin D3 in Battery Manufacturing Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Malik ◽  
Savita Rathore ◽  
Mahakal Chandel
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Battery Workers

Background: Chronic lead exposure from the lead-acid–battery manufacturing process has been linked to a variety of health effects, including dental health, cardiovascular disease risk, Matrix–gamma– carboxy glutamic acid protein (MGP) polymorphism, oxidative stress, immunological, genotoxicity, reproductive, neuropsychological, and pteridine metabolism with neurotransmitters synthesized. Aim of the Work: effects of lead exposure on calcium metabolism in battery workers. Subjects and Methods: The present study will be conducted in Department of Biochemistry, Index Medical College and research center, Indore. A total of 100 lead exposed battery workers and 100 aged (20-60 yr) matched non lead exposed controls. Blood sample was withdrawn from the anticubital vein and centrifuged to obtain serum after that serum was quantitatively analyzed for lead level, calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D3.   Result and Conclusion: In lead-exposed battery workers, correlation analysis revealed a strong negative connection between blood lead levels and serum vitamin D levels. Similarly, serum calcium levels were found to be inversely linked with blood lead levels. Keywords: Battery workers, Lead

scholarly journals Chitosan as Chelating and Protective Agents from Lead Intoxication in Rat

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Marianti ◽  
Debi Anatiasara ◽  
Fachrudyn Faisal Ashar
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Protective Ability ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>Increasing accumulation of lead in body causes serious health problems. Chelation is widely used to decrease lead level in body. This research aims the effectivity of chitosan in chelating lead and their protective ability toward liver and kidney for lead acetate-induced rat. Thirty rats were divided into 6 treatment groups. All groups, except control group, were administered by 175 mgkg<sup>-1</sup> BW lead acetate. Positive control group was treated using EDTA 50 mgkg<sup>-1</sup> BW. Treatment group 1,2, and 3 were treated using chitosan in dose of 64, 32, and 16 mgkg<sup>-1 </sup>BW dissolved in 2% acetic acid, respectively in 30 days. The effectivity of chitosan was compared to blood lead level. ALT and AST level were measured to determine the protective ability of chitosan. Normal function of kidney was assessed using creatinine level. Results showed that blood lead level from all treatment groups, except negative control group, had no significant difference from control group. EDTA and chitosan ability in chelating lead were proven by low level of AST, ALT, and creatinine in treatment groups. This indicated that there was no significant difference from control group. Chitosan capable of chelating lead and protecting kidney and liver from heavy metal. </p><p> </p>

A Randomized Trial of the Effect of Dust Control on Children's Blood Lead Levels

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce P. Lanphear ◽  
Nancy L. Winter ◽  
Leslie Apetz ◽  
Shirley Eberly ◽  
Michael Weitzman
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lead Levels

Objective. Dust control is recommended as one of the cornerstones of controlling childhood lead exposure; however, the effectiveness of dust control has not been demonstrated for children who have low to mild elevations in blood lead (ie, less than 25 µg/dL). The objective of this study was to determine whether dust control, as performed by families, had an effect on children's blood lead levels and dust lead levels in children's homes. Design. Randomized, controlled trial. Setting. Community-based trial in Rochester, NY. Participants. One hundred four children, 12 to 31 months of age at baseline. Intervention. Families and children were randomized to one of two groups. Families of children in the intervention group received cleaning supplies, information about cleaning areas that are often contaminated with lead, and a cleaning demonstration. Families in the control group received only a brochure about lead poisoning prevention. Outcome Measures. Baseline measurements of lead in blood, house dust, soil, water, and paint were taken from both groups. Seven months after enrollment, a second blood lead assay was obtained, and lead levels in household dust were measured. The main outcome measures were change in blood lead levels and dust lead levels by treatment group. Results. The median blood lead level of children enrolled in the study was 6.7 µg/dL (range, 1.7 to 30.6 µg/dL). There was no significant difference in the change of children's blood lead levels or dust lead levels by treatment group. The median change in blood lead levels among children in the intervention group was -0.05 µg/dL compared with -0.60 µg/dL among those in the control group. There also was no significant difference in the change of dust lead by group assignment, although there was a trend toward a significant difference in the percentage of change in dust lead levels on noncarpeted floors, which was greater among houses in the intervention group. Conclusions. These data suggest that an intervention that consists only of providing cleaning supplies and a brief description of dust control is not effective at reducing blood lead levels among urban children with low to mild elevations in blood lead levels at a 7-month followup.

scholarly journals Blood lead level and risk of hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Fung Tsoi ◽  
Chris Wai Hang Lo ◽  
Tommy Tsang Cheung ◽  
Bernard Man Yung Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Lead Levels

AbstractLead is a heavy metal without a biological role. High level of lead exposure is known to be associated with hypertension, but the risk at low levels of exposure is uncertain. In this study, data from US NHANES 1999–2016 were analyzed. Adults with blood lead and blood pressure measurements, or self-reported hypertension diagnosis, were included. If not already diagnosed, hypertension was defined according to the AHA/ACC 2017 hypertension guideline. Results were analyzed using R statistics version 3.5.1 with sample weight adjustment. Logistic regression was used to study the association between blood lead level and hypertension. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated. Altogether, 39,477 participants were included. Every doubling in blood lead level was associated with hypertension (OR [95%CI] 1.45 [1.40–1.50]), which remained significant after adjusting for demographics. Using quartile 1 as reference, higher blood lead levels were associated with increased adjusted odds of hypertension (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: 1.22 [1.09–1.36]; Quartile 3 vs. Quartile 1: 1.15 [1.04–1.28]; Quartile 2 vs. Quartile 1: 1.14 [1.05–1.25]). In conclusion, blood lead level is associated with hypertension in the general population with blood lead levels below 5 µg/dL. Our findings suggest that reducing present levels of environmental lead exposure may bring cardiovascular benefits by reducing blood pressure.

scholarly journals Chronic Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure and Kidney Function among African Americans: Dallas Lead Project II

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Reilly ◽  
Susan Spalding ◽  
Brad Walsh ◽  
Jeanne Wainer ◽  
Sue Pickens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Lead Smelter ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Negative Effect

Background: We examined the effects of lead on kidney function in occupationally and environmentally exposed adults from a Dallas lead smelter community that was the site of an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund clean-up. All subjects were African Americans—a racial group that bears a disproportionate burden of kidney disease. Methods: A two-phase health screening was conducted. Phase II included a physical examination and laboratory tests. Study subjects were African Americans residents, aged ≥19 years to ≤89 years. Of 778 subjects, 726 were environmentally exposed and 52 were both occupationally and environmentally exposed. The effects of lead exposure on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were examined in three groups: male and female smelter-community residents, as well as males with both occupational and environmental exposure. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the dependence of eGFR on log (blood lead level), duration of residence in the community, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Results: There was a statistically significant negative effect on kidney function for all three groups. Comparison of female and male residents showed a slightly larger negative effect of blood lead level on eGFR in females versus males, with the largest effect seen in male smelter-working residents. For each unit increase (log10 10µg/dL = 1) in blood lead level, age-adjusted eGFR was reduced 21.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 in male residents, 25.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 in female residents and 59.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 in male smelter-working residents. Conclusions: Chronic lead exposure is associated with worsening kidney function in both African American male and female residents, as well as male workers in Dallas smelter communities. This effect is slightly, but not statistically significantly, worse in female residents than male residents, and significantly worse in males that both worked and resided in the smelter community.

High Lead Exposure Associated With Higher Blood Pressure in Haiti: a Warning Sign for Low-Income Countries

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily D. Yan ◽  
Vanessa Rouzier ◽  
Jean Lookens Pierre ◽  
Myung Hee Lee ◽  
Paul Muntner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Environmental Lead Exposure ◽  
Lower Income Countries

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in lower-income countries including Haiti. Environmental lead exposure is associated with high blood pressure and cardiovascular mortality in high-income countries but has not been systematically measured and evaluated as a potential modifiable cardiovascular risk factor in lower-income countries where 6.5 billion people reside. We hypothesized lead exposure is high in urban Haiti and associated with higher blood pressure levels. Blood lead levels were measured in 2504 participants ≥18 years enrolled in a longitudinal population-based cohort study in Port-au-Prince. Lead screening was conducted using LeadCare II (detection limit ≥3.3 µg/dL). Levels below detection were imputed by dividing the level of detection by √2. Associations between lead (quartiles) and systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were assessed, adjusting for age, sex, obesity, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, income, and antihypertensive medication use. The median age of participants was 40 years and 60.1% were female. The geometric mean blood lead level was 4.73µg/dL, 71.1% had a detectable lead level and 42.3% had a blood lead level ≥5 µg/dL. After multivariable adjustment, lead levels in quartile four (≥6.5 µg/dL) compared with quartile 1 (<3.4 µg/dL) were associated with 2.42 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.36–4.49) higher systolic blood pressure and 1.96 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.56–3.37) higher diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, widespread environmental lead exposure is evident in urban Haiti, with higher lead levels associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Lead is a current and potentially modifiable pollutant in lower-income countries that warrants urgent public health remediation. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03892265.

Diet-related changes in mechanical properties of rat vertebrae

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. R318-R321 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Salem ◽  
R. F. Zernicke ◽  
R. J. Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lumbar Vertebral Body ◽  
Significant Difference

High fat and sucrose (HFS) diets may induce glucose intolerance, alter calcium metabolism, and lead to deficits in bone mineralization, development, and mechanical properties. To determine the mechanical and structural consequences of a HFS diet on rapidly growing vertebrae, female Sprague-Dawley rats (8 wk) were assigned randomly (2:1) either to a control group (n = 20) fed a low-fat complex-carbohydrate diet or an experimental group (n = 10) fed a HFS diet for 10-12 wk. The sixth lumbar vertebral body (L6) was isolated from the pedicles, morphological measures were taken, and compression was tested at a fast strain rate, while immersed in a warmed (37 degrees C) isotonic physiological buffer solution. No significant difference in body mass existed between HFS and control groups; nevertheless, HFS L6 cross-sectional areas, lengths, and volumes were significantly smaller than controls. The HFS L6 also had significantly lower mechanical properties, including initial maximum load, energy at initial maximum load, and strain energy density at initial maximum load. Diets high in sucrose and fat content have been associated with changes in calcium metabolism, and the results of the current study suggest that in immature vertebrae, a HFS diet may adversely affect vertebral body mechanical integrity and strength.

scholarly journals Neurological Effect of Lead Exposure in Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
MS Hassan ◽  
MKK Patwary ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
SF Sonia ◽  
M Kabiruzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Significant Difference

Lead poisoning is one of the burning issues in Bangladesh. This study assessed the relation of blood lead level with IQ and peripheral nerve function in environmental lead exposed primary school children in Dhaka.Blood lead level (BLL) was measured in 84 primary school children in an urban industrial area of Dhaka. IQ was measured with Wechsler Intelligence Scales- Revised for children. Electrophysiological evaluation was done in 31 children.Verbal, Performance and Full scale IQ had a negative correlation with blood lead level (p<0.001). Decrement in Verbal, Performance and Full scale IQ associated with 1 microgram per deciliter increase in blood lead level were 0.99, 0.86 and 0.95 respectively (p<0.001). None had clinical features of neuropathy. Statistical analysis also did not show any significant difference in NCS between children with normal and elevated BLL (p value >0.05).It was found that IQ of children decreased in a linear trend with increasing blood lead level. This study did not find any clinical or electrophysiological evidence of peripheral nerve dysfunction in the environmental lead exposed children. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v25i1.15899 Medicine Today 2013 Vol.25(1): 1-5

scholarly journals Against lead poisoning: effectiveness of housing first and counselling in the home

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Laporte ◽  
H Barberin de Barberini ◽  
E Jouve ◽  
K Hadji ◽  
S Gentile
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Housing First ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Stable Housing ◽  
Lead Levels

Abstract Background Removing lead sources is the main measure against child lead poisoning. Medical treatment is ineffective for most mild cases and particularly against long-term complications in neurological development. However, the effectiveness of interventions to eliminate sources of lead exposure has not been fully established, mainly because of the diversity of situations. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of several interventions (housing counselling, rehabilitation and relocation) on blood lead levels in two situations (stable unhealthy housing with old flaked lead paints, slums with family recycling practices by incineration). Methodology A historical cohort of lead poisoning in children has been established in Marseille, France. Medical follow-up followed national guidelines. Environmental interventions followed legal procedures, where available. In slums, counselling was adapted to the exposure. A generalized mixed model was developed to study the kinetics of blood lead levels after the interventions. Results 151 children were included; age = 5.4 (SD = 7.8) years; 85 (56%) lived in stable unhealthy housing, others lived in slums. Medical follow-up included 492 blood lead levels. For children living in stable unhealthy housing, blood lead level decrease was significantly associated with every intervention: housing counselling, rehabilitation and relocation (respectively p &lt; 0.005; p &lt; 0.05 and p &lt; 0.005). For children living in slums, blood lead level decrease was only associated with relocation in a stable housing (p &lt; 0.005). Conclusions Several interventions are effective to decrease blood lead levels in unhealthy housing. In slums, access to a stable housing first is a prerequisite for any intervention against child lead poisoning, even when related to family practices. Key messages In stable unhealthy housing, several interventions against lead exposure can be effective to raise a strategy. But, environmental health and access to housing first needs to be addressed for their implementation.

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