Mechanical properties of an additive manufactured CF-PLA/ABS hybrid composite sheet

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571986940
Author(s):  
Syed Waqar Ahmed ◽  
Ghulam Hussain ◽  
Khalid A Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Khurram Altaf
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Composite Sheet ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Laminar Composites ◽  
Printing Speed

Laminar composites have widespread applications in the automotive and aircraft industry. This research was aimed to investigate the suitability of fused deposition modeling to produce multi-material laminar composites. Composites comprising of two dissimilar laminates, named as hybrid composites, were printed from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene filament and carbon fiber-reinforced polylactic acid filament (a composite filament) by varying different printing parameters. Tensile tests were conducted to examine the mechanical performance of the produced composite sheet. A detailed analysis of the results revealed that a high ultimate tensile strength is primarily achieved by setting low values of printing speed, layer height, and clad ratio while high elongation is obtained by employing low printing speed, medium layer height, and high clad ratio. The optimum printing conditions were sought out through desirability function with an objective to simultaneously enhance all the considered properties. Further, the composite sheet exhibited a reasonably good combination of tensile properties as compared to its monolithic constituent sheets. Based on the results, it is concluded that the bi-material laminating approach employed herein can produce printed structures with desired properties.

Three-dimensional printing of dual thermoplastic materials with different layer combinations: Tensile, flexural, and fractured surface investigations

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572092512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhir Kumar ◽  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
TP Singh ◽  
Ajay Batish ◽  
Akshay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Thermoplastic Material ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Multiple Materials ◽  
Dual Material ◽  
Single Material ◽  
Fractured Surface

The three-dimensional (3-D) printing with deposition of dual/multiple materials on alternative layers has been explored by some researchers for various engineering applications. But, hitherto, little has been reported on failure mechanism of dual/multiple materials 3-D printed parts in tensile and flexural testing. In this work, investigations were made to explore the tensile, flexural, morphological, and thermal properties of dual thermoplastic material (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA))-based 3-D printing of functional prototypes with low-cost fused deposition modeling process. The results of the study suggest that for mechanical properties of 3-D printed parts, the number of conversions, the number of negative conversions for selecting particular layer of thermoplastic material, and the number of layers (while selecting the alternative layer’s material) have significant effect. The maximum peak strength of 55.98 MPa (while tensile testing) was observed for combination of four consecutive layers of PLA and two layers of ABS, which is 15.81% higher than the ABS (48.34 MPa) and at par with the PLA-based 3-D printed functional prototype. Also, it has been ascertained that the deposition of ABS on PLA has better compatibility than PLA deposition on ABS platform. In case of flexural strength, single material-based 3-D printed parts have better properties. From fractured surface analysis, it has been observed that dual material-based 3-D printed prototypes have relatively large number of voids/porosity holes in comparison to single material-based 3-D printed prototypes, thus ultimately resulting in poor mechanical performance.

scholarly journals Maximization of FDM-3D-Objects Gonio-Appearance Effects Using PLA and ABS Filaments and Combining Several Printing Parameters: “A Case Study”

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bàrbara Micó-Vicent ◽  
Esther Perales ◽  
Khalil Huraibat ◽  
Francisco Miguel Martínez-Verdú ◽  
Valentín Viqueira
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Design ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Statistical Design Of Experiments ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Printing Speed

In order to consider 3D objects from suitable Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) printers as prototypes for the automotive sector, this sample must be able to reproduce textural effects (sparkle or graininess) or metallic or gonio-appearance to reinforce the attractive appeal of these materials. This study worked with two different commercial filaments: grey metallic PLA (poly(lactic acid)) and ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) with diffractive pigments. For both materials, a statistical design of experiments (DoE) was carried out to find the printing parameters effect on the final 3D-objects gonio-appearance. The selected printing parameters were printing speed (2 levels), layer height (2 levels) and sample thickness (3 levels). Twelve smooth square objects were printed from each material. The ABS-diffractive filaments achieved the most significant flop and higher sparkle values than metallic PLA. Graininess was high when working with PLA filaments instead of ABS. Layer height was the most significant parameter to maximize PLA objects’ flop or sparkle effects. The best result was found when printing at 0.1 mm. For the ABS samples, the stronger flop and sparkle effects were achieved with the 50 mm/s printing speed, the 0.1 mm layer height and the lowest thickness level. This study shows the methodology to study the printing parameters effects and interactions to maximize the FDM-3D-objects gonio-appearance.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotube-Based Composite Filaments for 3D Printing of Structural and Conductive Elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1272
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Podsiadły ◽  
Piotr Matuszewski ◽  
Andrzej Skalski ◽  
Marcin Słoma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Filling Fraction ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Structural Electronics ◽  
Measured Sample ◽  
Deposition Modeling

In this publication, we describe the process of fabrication and the analysis of the properties of nanocomposite filaments based on carbon nanotubes and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer for fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing. Polymer granulate was mixed and extruded with a filling fraction of 0.99, 1.96, 4.76, 9.09 wt.% of CNTs (carbon nanotubes) to fabricate composite filaments with a diameter of 1.75 mm. Detailed mechanical and electrical investigations of printed test samples were performed. The results demonstrate that CNT content has a significant influence on mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of printed samples. Printed samples obtained from high CNT content composites exhibited an improvement in the tensile strength by 12.6%. Measurements of nanocomposites’ electrical properties exhibited non-linear relation between the supply voltage and measured sample resistivity. This effect can be attributed to the semiconductor nature of the CNT functional phase and the occurrence of a tunnelling effect in percolation network. Detailed I–V characteristics related to the amount of CNTs in the composite and the supply voltage influence are also presented. At a constant voltage value, the average resistivity of the printed elements is 2.5 Ωm for 4.76 wt.% CNT and 0.15 Ωm for 9.09 wt.% CNT, respectively. These results demonstrate that ABS/CNT composites are a promising functional material for FDM additive fabrication of structural elements, but also structural electronics and sensors.

Mechanical performance of honeycomb sandwich structures built by FDM printing technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572199789
Author(s):  
S Gohar ◽  
G Hussain ◽  
A Ali ◽  
H Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Sandwich Structures ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Interfacial Bond Strength ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Competitive Prices ◽  
Composite Face

Honey Comb Sandwich Structures (HCSS) have numerous applications in aerospace, automobile, and satellite industry because of their properties like high strength to weight ratio, stiffness and impact strength. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a process which, through its flexibility, simple processing, short manufacturing time, competitive prices and freedom of design, has an ability to enhance the functionality of HCSS. This paper investigates the mechanical behavior (i.e. flexural, edgewise compression and Interfacial bond strength) of FDM-built HCSS. The influence of face/core material was examined by manufacturing four types of specimens namely ABS core with Composite (PLA + 15% carbon fibers) face sheets, ABS core with PLA face sheets, TPU core with composite face sheets and TPU core with PLA face sheets. To measure the effect of face sheets geometry, raster layup was varied at 0°/90° and 45°/−45°. The mechanical characterization revealed that an optimum combination of materials is ABS core with composite face sheets having raster layup of 0°/90°. This study indicates that HCSS with complex lamination schemes and adequate mechanical properties could be manufactured using FDM which may widen the applications of FDM on an industrial scale.

scholarly journals On the Post-Processing of 3D-Printed ABS Parts

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1559
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Khosravani ◽  
Jonas Schüürmann ◽  
Filippo Berto ◽  
Tamara Reinicke
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
3D Printed

Application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) has significantly increased in the past few years. AM also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing has been currently used in fabrication of prototypes and end-use products. Considering the new applications of additively manufactured components, it is necessary to study structural details of these parts. In the current study, influence of a post-processing on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts has been investigated. To this aim, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material was used to produce test coupons based on the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process. More in deep, a device was designed and fabricated to fix imperfection and provide smooth surfaces on the 3D-printed ABS specimens. Later, original and treated specimens were subjected to a series of tensile loads, three-point bending tests, and water absorption tests. The experimental tests indicated fracture load in untreated dog-bone shaped specimen was 2026.1 N which was decreased to 1951.7 N after surface treatment. Moreover, the performed surface treatment was lead and decrease in tensile strength from 29.37 MPa to 26.25 MPa. Comparison of the results confirmed effects of the surface modification on the fracture toughness of the examined semi-circular bending components. Moreover, a 3D laser microscope was used for visual investigation of the specimens. The documented results are beneficial for next designs and optimization of finishing processes.

Influence of Part Orientation on the Surface Roughness in the Process of Fused Deposition Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Ján Milde ◽  
František Jurina ◽  
Jozef Peterka ◽  
Patrik Dobrovszký ◽  
Jakub Hrbál ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Part Orientation

The article focused on the influence of part orientation on the surface roughness of cuboid parts during the process of fabricating by FDM technology. The components, in this case, is simple cuboid part with the dimensions 15 mm x 15mm x 30 mm. A geometrical model is defined that considers the shape of the material filaments after deposition, to define a theoretical roughness profile, for a certain print orientation angle. Five different print orientations in the X-axis of the cuboid part were set: 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. According to previous research in the field of FDM technology by the author, the internal structure (infill) was set at the value of 70%. The method of 3D printing was the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and the material used in this research was thermoplastic ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). For each setting, there were five specimens (twenty five prints in total). Prints were fabricated on a Zortrax M200 3D printer. After the 3D printing, the surface “A” was investigated by portable surface roughness tester Mitutoyo SJ-210. Surface roughness in the article is shown in the form of graphs (Fig.7). Results show increase in part roughness with increasing degree of part orientation. When the direction of applied layers on the measured surface was horizontal, significant improvement in surface roughness was observed. Findings in this paper can be taken into consideration when designing parts, as they can contribute in achieving lower surface roughness values.

Assessing the effect of FDM processing parameters on mechanical properties of PLA parts using Taguchi method

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572110530
Author(s):  
Nagarjuna Maguluri ◽  
Gamini Suresh ◽  
K Venkata Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Experimental Runs ◽  
Printing Speed

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a fast-expanding additive manufacturing technique for fabricating various polymer components in engineering and medical applications. The mechanical properties of components printed with the FDM method are influenced by several process parameters. In the current work, the influence of nozzle temperature, infill density, and printing speed on the tensile properties of specimens printed using polylactic acid (PLA) filament was investigated. With an objective to achieve better tensile properties including elastic modulus, tensile strength, and fracture strain; Taguchi L8 array has been used for framing experimental runs, and eight experiments were conducted. The results demonstrate that the nozzle temperature significantly influences the tensile properties of the FDM printed PLA products followed by infill density. The optimum processing parameters were determined for the FDM printed PLA material at a nozzle temperature of 220°C, infill density of 100%, and printing speed of 20 mm/s.

scholarly journals Fatigue Performance of ABS Specimens Obtained by Fused Filament Fabrication

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Domingo-Espin ◽  
J. Antonio Travieso-Rodriguez ◽  
Ramon Jerez-Mesa ◽  
Jordi Lluma-Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Best Parameter ◽  
End Use ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
Printing Speed ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

In this paper, the fatigue response of fused filament fabrication (FFF) Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) parts is studied. Different building parameters (layer height, nozzle diameter, infill density, and printing speed) were chosen to study their influence on the lifespan of cylindrical specimens according to a design of experiments (DOE) using the Taguchi methodology. The same DOE was applied on two different specimen sets using two different infill patterns—rectilinear and honeycomb. The results show that the infill density is the most important parameter for both of the studied patterns. The specimens manufactured with the honeycomb pattern show longer lifespans. The best parameter set associated to that infill was chosen for a second experimental phase, in which the specimens were tested under different maximum bending stresses so as to construct the Wöhler curve associated with this 3D printing configuration. The results of this study are useful to design and manufacture ABS end-use parts that are expected to work under oscillating periodic loads.

scholarly journals The Influence of Manufacturing Parameters on the Mechanical Behaviour of PLA and ABS Pieces Manufactured by FDM: A Comparative Analysis

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Rodríguez-Panes ◽  
Juan Claver ◽  
Ana Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Layer Orientation ◽  
Lower Variability

This paper presents a comparative study of the tensile mechanical behaviour of pieces produced using the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) additive manufacturing technique with respect to the two types of thermoplastic material most widely used in this technique: polylactide (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The aim of this study is to compare the effect of layer height, infill density, and layer orientation on the mechanical performance of PLA and ABS test specimens. The variables under study here are tensile yield stress, tensile strength, nominal strain at break, and modulus of elasticity. The results obtained with ABS show a lower variability than those obtained with PLA. In general, the infill percentage is the manufacturing parameter of greatest influence on the results, although the effect is more noticeable in PLA than in ABS. The test specimens manufactured using PLA perform more rigidly and they are found to have greater tensile strength than ABS. The bond between layers in PLA turns out to be extremely strong and is, therefore, highly suitable for use in additive technologies. The methodology proposed is a reference of interest in studies involving the determination of mechanical properties of polymer materials manufactured using these technologies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document