Epidemiology of Cancer and Other Systemic Effects Associated with the Use of Smokeless Tobacco

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Winn
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Products ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

Persons who use chewing tobacco and snuff experience an increased risk of oral cancer. Because of the pharmacologic properties of nicotine and other constituents of smokeless tobacco, there is also concern that smokeless tobacco products may lead to cardiovascular diseases as well. The relatively few human population studies to date conflict with respect to whether smokeless tobacco use elevates cardiovascular risk factors or leads to cardiovascular disease or death from cardiovascular causes. Hemoglobin adducts to carcinogens present in smokeless tobacco products are measurable in the blood of smokeless tobacco users, indicating that smokeless-tobacco-related carcinogens circulate throughout the body. This prompts a concern that smokeless tobacco may increase risks of other cancers as well. The evidence to date from epidemiologic studies indicates no relationship between smokeless tobacco and bladder cancer, but there is suggestive evidence linking smokeless tobacco use to prostate cancer risk. Only single studies have been conducted of some cancers, and inconsistencies among studies of the same cancer site have been reported. Molecular epidemiologic studies may help identify markers of malignant transformation in smokeless tobacco users that may help in early intervention to prevent or ameliorate the consequences of oral cancer. Further studies are needed to determine more clearly the cardiovascular and non-oral cancer risks potentially associated with smokeless tobacco use.

Characteristics of Smokeless Tobacco Use among High School Football Players as Related to Type of Smokeless Tobacco and Period of Use

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis J. Creath ◽  
J. Timothy Wright ◽  
John F. Wisniewski
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Football Players ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Products ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

The present study was conducted to assess differences in the behavioral and demographic characteristics of snuff (dip) users as compared to users of chewing tobacco. High School football players (1116) were surveyed concerning their use and perceptions of smokeless tobacco. Adolescent athletes who tried smokeless tobacco were more likely to be white, to use cigarettes, alcohol, and cigars and to have family users than those who never tried. Initial use was highest before the age of fourteen years and was influenced by friends, curiosity and family. Dippers tended to initiate use because of friends, while chewers started because of family users. Users of both dip and chew started primarily because of curiosity. Users of both were more likely to consume greater amounts to alcohol and cigarettes and to smoke cigars and pipes. It appears that the longer smokeless tobacco is consumed, the more likely both dip and chew will be used. Users of smokeless tobacco for more than two years tended to consume more of the product each week, used it for more hours/day, initiated use at an earlier age, and used it more often at school and work than those using it for less than two years. Use of cigars/pipes, consumption of alcohol, and quantity of cigarette consumption increased significantly with longer duration of smokeless tobacco use. Intervention and prevention programs would be helped by understanding differences between users of various smokeless tobacco products and differences related to the duration of use. In addition, further analyses of smokeless tobacco users should study chewers, dippers, and users of both separately.

Patterns of Smokeless Tobacco Use by Young Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Anita Gottlieb ◽  
Sandra K. Pope ◽  
Vaughn I. Rickert ◽  
Brian H. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Products ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

The use of smokeless tobacco products by adolescents has reportedly increased. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of smokeless tobacco by young adolescents across geographic locations and to look at patterns of use and variables associated with continued use beyond experimentation. Participants were 2018 students in sixth through ninth grades. Forty-five percent were male and 76% were white. Use of smokeless tobacco products was reported by 12% of the total population, and 25% reported smoking. Smokeless tobacco use was associated with cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and parental substance abuse. Those reporting alcohol use were more than four times more likely to be users of smokeless tobacco than nondrinkers. We found increased age, being male, being white, smoking, drinking, perceived effects of smokeless tobacco use, and friends' smoking behavior to be significantly associated with continued use beyond experimentation. Smokeless tobacco use was reportedly greater in rural areas. Adolescents who reported initiating use between 6 and 8 years of age were using on a more frequent basis than those who had initiated use when older. This study demonstrated the need for targeting elementary schools for educational interventions aimed at reducing smokeless tobacco use.

scholarly journals Exposure to a Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen Among Adolescent Smokeless Tobacco Users in Rural California, United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1764-1771
Author(s):  
Benjamin W Chaffee ◽  
Peyton Jacob ◽  
Elizabeth T Couch ◽  
Neal L Benowitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Products ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

Abstract Introduction Approximately the same percentage of male high school students in the United States currently uses conventional smokeless tobacco as smokes cigarettes, resulting in toxin exposure. Methods This study assessed tobacco product use (smokeless, combustible, and electronic cigarettes) and nicotine and carcinogen exposures in a sample of 594 male rural high school baseball players—a population traditionally at risk for smokeless tobacco use. Salivary specimens were assayed for cotinine (a biomarker of nicotine exposure) and urine specimens for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL, a biomarker of the carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results The prevalence of past 30-day use of any tobacco product was 29%. Past 7-day smokeless tobacco use (prevalence: 13%) was associated with the highest levels of cotinine and NNAL observed in the sample, whether smokeless tobacco was used exclusively (geometric means: cotinine 11.1 ng/mL; NNAL 31.9 pg/mg-creatinine) or in combination with combustible products (geometric means: cotinine 31.6 ng/mL; NNAL 50.0 pg/mg creatinine). Cotinine and NNAL levels were incrementally higher in each increasing category of smokeless tobacco use frequency. However, observed levels were lower than previously reported for adults, likely reflecting less smokeless use per day among adolescents. Conclusions Based on these biomarker observations, adolescents who use conventional smokeless tobacco products are exposed to substantial levels of nicotine and NNK. Although exposed to lower levels than adult smokeless users, the findings are concerning given the young age of the sample and tendency for smokeless tobacco users to increase use intensity over time. Implications This study demonstrates that adolescents using smokeless tobacco are exposed to levels of nicotine and NNK that increase with use frequency and that exceed exposures among peers using other tobacco products. Youth smokeless tobacco use in the United States has not declined along with youth smoking prevalence, giving greater importance to this health concern. To reduce youth (and adult) exposures, needed actions include effective smokeless tobacco use prevention, potentially in combination with reducing the levels of harmful and potentially harmful chemicals in smokeless tobacco products currently popular among adolescents.

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL STANDARD ON QUALITY CONTROL AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE CHEWING TOBACCO

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.П. САМОЙЛЕНКО ◽  
И.Г. КАНДАШКИНА ◽  
Е.В. ГНУЧИХ ◽  
Л.А. МИРНЫХ
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Products ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
First Time ◽  
General Technical

Рассмотрены идентификационные признаки некурительных табачных изделий табака жевательного и снюса. Разработан метод определения фракционного состава табака жевательного. На основании научных исследований впервые разработан проект национального стандарта ГОСТ Р Табак жевательный. Общие технические условия, который после утверждения и введения в действие будет использоваться для идентификации этого вида некурительной табачной продукции. The identification signs of smokeless tobacco products: of chewing tobacco and snus are considered. A method for determining the fractional composition of chewing tobacco has been developed. On the basis of scientific research for the first time developed a draft national standard GOST R Chewing tobacco. General technical specifications. After approval and entry into force, this standard will be used to identify types of smokeless tobacco products.

Estimation of Nickel in Different Smokeless Tobacco Products and Their Impact on Human Health of Oral Cancer Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1063-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf S. Arain ◽  
Tasneem G. Kazi ◽  
Hassan I. Afridi ◽  
Farah N. Talpur ◽  
Atif G. Kazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Products ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

Oral Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Use by Professional Baseball Players

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.B. Robertson ◽  
M.M. Walsh ◽  
J.C. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use ◽  
Mucosal Lesions

This is a review of studies conducted from 1988-90 on the oral consequences of snuff and chewing tobacco use among professional baseball players. About half of the players studied were smokeless tobacco (ST) users, the majority of whom used snuff. Compared with non-users, players who used ST showed a significantly higher prevalence of leukoplakia, which was related to placement of the ST quid, and the frequency, amount, duration, and type of ST used. Sites adjacent to these mucosal lesions showed an increased prevalence of gingival recession with associated attachment loss, cervical abrasion, and root caries than did comparable sites in non-users. Extrinsic stain and occlusal attrition were also more frequent in ST users than in non-users. While ST use placed players at significantly increased risk for mucosal lesions and other oral problems, no differences were found between ST non-users and users in measurements of batting, fielding, and pitching performance during the baseball season.

Naswar (Smokeless Tobacco) Use and the Risk of Oral Cancer in Pakistan: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohaib Khan ◽  
Rizwan Abdulkader Suliankatchi ◽  
Thomas L Heise ◽  
Steffen Dreger
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

Correlation of Arsenic Levels in Smokeless Tobacco Products and Biological Samples of Oral Cancer Patients and Control Consumers

2015 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf S. Arain ◽  
Tasneem G. Kazi ◽  
Hassan I. Afridi ◽  
Farah N. Talpur ◽  
Atif G. Kazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Products ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Strategic and contested use of food laws to ban smokeless tobacco products in India: a qualitative analysis of litigation

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056241
Author(s):  
Riddhi Dsouza ◽  
Upendra Bhojani
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Products ◽  
Inductive Thematic Analysis

ObjectiveTo understand how food laws are used, contested and interpreted to ban certain forms of chewing tobacco in India.MethodsA qualitative study analysing all the tobacco-related litigation under the food laws in India. We used an inductive thematic analysis of the litigation contents.ResultsThe tobacco industry systematically deployed litigation to (1) challenge the categorisation of smokeless tobacco products as food, and hence, questioned the use of food laws for regulating these products; (2) challenge the regulatory power of the state government in banning tobacco products via the food laws; and (3) challenge the applicability of the general food laws that enabled stricter regulations beyond what is prescribed under the tobacco-specific law.ConclusionDespite facing several legal challenges from the tobacco industry, Indian states optimised food laws to enable stricter regulations on smokeless tobacco products than were feasible through use of a tobacco-specific law.

scholarly journals Assessing the Risk of Oral Cancer associated with Gutka and Other Smokeless Tobacco Products: A Case–control Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 740-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Habib Awan ◽  
QA Hussain ◽  
Mahesh Maralingannavar
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACT Introduction Tobacco and tobacco-related products have been attributed to be causative factors for oral cancer. Newer, chewable, and commercially available smokeless tobacco (ST) products, such as gutka pose further threat in this direction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of oral cancer associated with gutka and other ST products. Materials and methods A case-control study of 134 cases and 134 controls, over a period of 6 months (July–December 2014), was carried out at the Baqai University, Karachi, Pakistan. An interview-based questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices and type, duration, and frequency of use of tobacco-related products. Data were analyzed using the Pearson's chi-square (χ2) test with the level of significance set as p < 0.05. Results Gutka showed the highest odds ratio toward developing oral cancer ratio among all the tobacco-related products [odds ratio (OR) 5.54; 95% CI 2.83–10.83; p < 0.001)]. Participants who consumed other ST products also showed 2 to 4 times higher odds ratio of developing oral cancer than compared to those who did not consume these products. Conclusion The study provided strong evidence that gutka and other ST products are independent risk factors for oral cancer. Clinical significance This study highlights the strong association of different types of ST and oral cancer. This results in identification of high-risk groups for targeted screening for potential oral cancer lesions. How to cite this article Awan KH, Hussain QA, Patil S, Maralingannavar M. Assessing the Risk of Oral Cancer associated with Gutka and Other Smokeless Tobacco Products: A Case-control Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(9): 740-744.

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