Identifying and Managing Malnutrition Stemming from Different Causes

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
Sung Hee Chung ◽  
Peter Stenvinkel ◽  
Bengt Lindholm ◽  
Avesani Carla Maria
Keyword(s):  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Persistent Inflammation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Method ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents

Protein–energy malnutrition (PEM) is highly prevalent among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality. A wide range of factors can lead to PEM and associated wasting (PEM/W) in PD patients, but persistent inflammation and the presence of diabetes have been identified as the two main reasons. An important body of literature has been reporting studies of methods suitable for detecting malnutrition in its early phase so that appropriate intervention can be provided. Although assessment of nutrition status has been substantially improved, no definitive single method of assessing nutrition status has been decided. Rather, several different markers of nutrition should be evaluated together. Because of the complexity of treating malnutrition in PD patients, nontraditional strategies such as appetite stimulants, anti-inflammatory diets, and anti-inflammatory pharmacologic agents are recommended to be combined with more traditional forms of nutritional support, so as to provide a better chance of recovery. The present review briefly discusses the causes of PEM/W, the methods most commonly used to identify the condition, and the new management strategies available.

scholarly journals KADAR TRIGLISERIDA DAN STATUS GIZI PADA KLIEN TUBERKULOSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Noor Diani ◽  
Devi Rahmayanti
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstrak Tuberkulosis (TBC) mengakibatkan penurunan asupan dan malabsorbsi nutrien serta metabolisme tubuh berubah sehingga terjadi massa otot dan lemak menurun akibat mekanisme malnutrisi dari energi protein. Malnutrisi pada TBC berpengaruh terhadap prognosis dan tingkat kematian. Peningkatan produksi IFNl- γ dan IL-6, TNF α menghambat dari aktivitas Lipo Protein Lipase (LPL) dijaringan lemak. Enzim LPL berperan dalam proses bersihan trigliserida. Peningkatan ini meningkatkan trigliserida sehingga proses sintesis lemak menurun dan proses lipolisis lemak meningkat di jaringan. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan trigliserida dan status gizi pada klien TBC. Metode penelitian ini korelasi analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, sampel 25 orang, dengan uji korelasi Pearson-Product Moment. Hasil penelitian status gizi dibawah normal 56%, normal 40% dan kelebihan berat badan 4%. Kadar Trigliserida normal 84%, trigliserida tinggi 16%. Kesimpulan ada hubungan antara kadar trigliserida dan status gizi yakni r hitung sebesar 0,5: r tabel = 0,396 sehingga r hitung > r tabel dengan korelasi positif.Kata Kunci : Trigliserida, Status Gizi, Tuberkulosis.AbstractTuberculosis(TB) resulting the decreasing of nutrient intake and malabsorbsi as well as changing the metabolism of the body. The wasthing are decreased protein energy. Malnutrition on TB affects the prognosis of the treatment and death rates. The increase TNF α will inhibit the enzyme activity of Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) in the fat tissue. LPL enzyme plays a role in cleavage process of triglycerides. This research was to analyze the relationship of triglycerides and nutrition status on the client with tuberculosis. The design was cross-sectional approach. The respondents were gathered from 25 newly TB patients. The analyzed using Pearson Product-Moment correlation. The results showed 56% respondents undernutrition, and normal 40% and over nutrition 4%. Most triglyceride level of the respondent were normal (84). The concluded was a relationship between triglycerides and the nutritional status with a positive correlation ( P value 0,396).Keywords : Triglycerides, Nutritional Status, Tuberculosis

scholarly journals Drug disposition in obesity and protein–energy malnutrition

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph I. Boullata
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Obese Patient ◽  
Drug Disposition ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Drug Elimination ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Protein Energy

Clinical response to medication can differ between patients. Among the known sources of variability is an individual's nutrition status. This review defines some pharmacokinetic terms, provides relevant body size metrics and describes the physiologic influences of protein–energy malnutrition and obesity on drug disposition. Weight-based drug dosing, which presumes a healthy BMI, can be problematic in the protein–energy malnourished or obese patient. The use of total body weight, lean body weight, or an adjusted body weight depends on the drug and how it is differently handled in malnutrition or obesity. Most of the recognized influences are seen in drug distribution and drug elimination as a result of altered body composition and function. Distribution characteristics of each drug are determined by several drug-related factors (e.g. tissue affinity) in combination with body-related factors (e.g. composition). Drug elimination occurs through metabolic and excretory pathways that can also vary with body composition. The current data are limited to select drugs that have been reported in small studies or case reports. In the meantime, a rational approach to evaluate the potential influences of malnutrition and obesity can be used clinically based on available information. Antimicrobials are discussed as a useful example of this approach. Further advancement in this field would require collaboration between experts in body composition and those in drug disposition. Until more data are available, routine monitoring by the clinician of the protein–energy malnourished or obese patient receiving weight-based drug regimens is necessary.

Protein Turnover, Synthesis and Breakdown before and after Recovery from Protein-Energy Malnutrition

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. N. Golden ◽  
J. C. Waterlow ◽  
D. Picou
Keyword(s):  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
15N Urea

1. Rates of total protein turnover, synthesis and breakdown were measured in five children before and after recovery from severe protein-energy malnutrition and while receiving 0·6 g of protein and 397 kJ day−1 kg−1. 2. These rates were calculated after giving doses of [15N]glycine every 2 h along with the feeds and measuring the rate of excretion of [15N]urea in urine. 3. Malnourished children had significantly lower rates of protein turnover, synthesis and breakdown than after they had recovered. 4. During recovery from protein-energy malnutrition, two children on a daily intake of 1·2 g of protein and 605 J/kg body weight, had rates of protein turnover, synthesis and breakdown that were twice as great as those found on admission and higher than after recovery. 5. On the study diet the malnourished children maintained their weight while the recovered children lost weight; the apparent nitrogen balance was more positive in the malnourished children. 6. In recovered children, the rate of protein synthesis was unchanged over a wide range of protein intake, whereas the rate of protein breakdown appeared to rise with a reduction in protein intake.

scholarly journals Country Report: Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Status in Mongolia

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Yongyout Kachondam ◽  
Sakorn Dhanamitta
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Country Report ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
And Child Health

Information on the health and nutrition status of mothers and children in Mongolia was gathered during a recent consultancy supported by UNICEF in collaboration with WHO and the Mongolian Ministry of Health. Data were collected from published and unpublished documents, interviews with Mongolian nutrition and health specialists and UNICEF country representatives, and observations using rapid assessment procedures. The four main nutrition problems found were protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, iodine-deficiency disorders, and irondeficiency anaemia. Also of great concern is an extremely high level of acute respiratory infection among young children, which may be attributable in part to the Mongolian lifestyle.

scholarly journals Development and Quality Evaluation of a Soy-Fortified Ghanaian Weaning Food

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Tekyiwa Annan ◽  
Wisdom Annorsey Plahar
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Weaning Food ◽  
Protein Energy

Appropriate process characteristics and blend formulations were developed for the preparation of a high protein-energy weaning food, FRI Weaner, using maize, soya beans, groundnut, and milk powder. Its quality was evaluated in terms of its nutritive value; physicochemical, functional, and sensory characteristics; content of antinutritional factors; and biochemical and haematological properties. The FRI Weaner had physical and sensory characteristics similar to those of a traditional Ghanaian cereal-based weaning food but was of superior nutritional quality. The protein content was 171%, with 10.6% fat and 67.8% carbohydrates. Calcium, iron, and phosphorus levels were also high. Animal studies indicated good growth and development in rats fed with the blend, with no adverse biochemical or haematological effects. The blend's protein efficiency ratio was 2.5. The blend can therefore be used as an ideal weaning food to improve the nutrition status of Ghanaian children and help solve problems associated with protein-energy malnutrition.

scholarly journals use of local kelor (moringa oleifera) leaves powder from West Nusa Tenggara to increase the neutrophile cell phagocyte index and its function on rats with PEM infected by staphylococcus aureus

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luthfiyah Fifi ◽  
Sofiyatin Reni ◽  
Widjajanto Edi ◽  
Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The West ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves

Indonesia reportedly ranksthird in the prevalence of acute malnutrition in the Asia Pacific.Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) has a high prevalence in the West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province with over600 cases reported by the Health Department from January to October 2015, especially among children under five of which 31 cases led to death. Meanwhile, the nutrition status is accurately determined through blood biochemical and hematology tests. The Neutrophil index is an important biomarker in combating infectious agents, such as Staphylococcus aureus which is oftenthe cause of contagious diseases. Individuals suffering from Protein-Energy Malnutrition are most vulnerable to these types of infections. Fortunately, kelor (Moringaoleifera) has been found to have nutritious contents, especially protein and iron (Fe), butits potential has not been extensively explored in the West Nusa Tenggara. This study aims to confirm the effect of the local kelor (Moringa oleifera) leaves powder in increasing the Innate Immune Response of sample rats with Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM). A post-test randomized control group design was used with 20 rats grouped into five with a period of 56 days. The hematology examination used micros 6.0 (CBC-analyzer), neutrophile phagocyte index with gradient density technique, whileall data analyses were conducted using the One-way Anova. 

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

Heparin and proteoglycans as anti-inflammatory drugs

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
D. J. Tyrrell ◽  
C. P. Page
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

SummaryEvidence continues to accumulate that the pleiotropic nature of heparin (beyond its anticoagulant potency) includes anti-inflammatory activities at a number of levels. It is clear that drugs exploiting these anti-inflammatory activities of heparin may offer exciting new therapeutic applications to the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory diseases.

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