Development and Quality Evaluation of a Soy-Fortified Ghanaian Weaning Food

Appropriate process characteristics and blend formulations were developed for the preparation of a high protein-energy weaning food, FRI Weaner, using maize, soya beans, groundnut, and milk powder. Its quality was evaluated in terms of its nutritive value; physicochemical, functional, and sensory characteristics; content of antinutritional factors; and biochemical and haematological properties. The FRI Weaner had physical and sensory characteristics similar to those of a traditional Ghanaian cereal-based weaning food but was of superior nutritional quality. The protein content was 171%, with 10.6% fat and 67.8% carbohydrates. Calcium, iron, and phosphorus levels were also high. Animal studies indicated good growth and development in rats fed with the blend, with no adverse biochemical or haematological effects. The blend's protein efficiency ratio was 2.5. The blend can therefore be used as an ideal weaning food to improve the nutrition status of Ghanaian children and help solve problems associated with protein-energy malnutrition.

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Improving Nutritive Value of Maize-Ogi as Weaning Food Using Wheat Offal Addition

Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal ◽

10.12944/crnfsj.5.3.04 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 206-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kolawole Ajanaku ◽

Olabisi Ademosun ◽

Tolutope Siyanbola ◽

Anuoluwa Akinsiku ◽

Christiana Ajanaku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Weaning Food ◽

Security Issues ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Pasting Characteristics ◽

Addition Level

The deficiency in affordable nourishing foods for neonates after weaning has been major concern in developing countries and this has contributed to increased malnutrition rate, illnesses and even children’s mortality rate. The addition of wheat offal to traditionally affordable ‘Ogi’ as an alternative approach for combating the threats of protein malnutrition in neonates was explored in this work. Wheat offal was added at increasing levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 w/w% as fortifying feed with prepared maize-Ogi as meal. Proximate analysis, pasting characteristics, sensory evaluation, nutritive and functional properties of the resulting blends was evaluated using standard methods. Results of proximate analysis showed an increased protein (2.787 – 34.064%), fat (2.282 – 9.015%) and ash (8.913 – 17.171%) contents with increased level of wheat offal from 20 to 100 w/w addition, while decreased carbohydrate content was observed with increased addition of wheat offal. The water absorption capacity increased also with level of wheat offal addition. The pasting characteristics result indicated up to 40% fortification of maize-Ogi with wheat offal as stable blend against retrogradation in terms of setback value and viscosity. The 40% level of fortification was preferred in terms of quality index of taste, texture, color, sourness and appearance. In conclusion, the nutritional indices investigated indicated addition level of wheat offal to 40% limit to solve protein-energy malnutrition and food security issues in neonates.

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Identifying and Managing Malnutrition Stemming from Different Causes

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686080702702s41 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. 239-244

Author(s):

Sung Hee Chung ◽

Peter Stenvinkel ◽

Bengt Lindholm ◽

Avesani Carla Maria

Keyword(s):

Strong Predictor ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Persistent Inflammation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Single Method ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pharmacologic Agents

Protein–energy malnutrition (PEM) is highly prevalent among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality. A wide range of factors can lead to PEM and associated wasting (PEM/W) in PD patients, but persistent inflammation and the presence of diabetes have been identified as the two main reasons. An important body of literature has been reporting studies of methods suitable for detecting malnutrition in its early phase so that appropriate intervention can be provided. Although assessment of nutrition status has been substantially improved, no definitive single method of assessing nutrition status has been decided. Rather, several different markers of nutrition should be evaluated together. Because of the complexity of treating malnutrition in PD patients, nontraditional strategies such as appetite stimulants, anti-inflammatory diets, and anti-inflammatory pharmacologic agents are recommended to be combined with more traditional forms of nutritional support, so as to provide a better chance of recovery. The present review briefly discusses the causes of PEM/W, the methods most commonly used to identify the condition, and the new management strategies available.

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KADAR TRIGLISERIDA DAN STATUS GIZI PADA KLIEN TUBERKULOSIS

Dunia Keperawatan ◽

10.20527/dk.v5i2.4114 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Noor Diani ◽

Devi Rahmayanti

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

The Body ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstrak Tuberkulosis (TBC) mengakibatkan penurunan asupan dan malabsorbsi nutrien serta metabolisme tubuh berubah sehingga terjadi massa otot dan lemak menurun akibat mekanisme malnutrisi dari energi protein. Malnutrisi pada TBC berpengaruh terhadap prognosis dan tingkat kematian. Peningkatan produksi IFNl- γ dan IL-6, TNF α menghambat dari aktivitas Lipo Protein Lipase (LPL) dijaringan lemak. Enzim LPL berperan dalam proses bersihan trigliserida. Peningkatan ini meningkatkan trigliserida sehingga proses sintesis lemak menurun dan proses lipolisis lemak meningkat di jaringan. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan trigliserida dan status gizi pada klien TBC. Metode penelitian ini korelasi analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, sampel 25 orang, dengan uji korelasi Pearson-Product Moment. Hasil penelitian status gizi dibawah normal 56%, normal 40% dan kelebihan berat badan 4%. Kadar Trigliserida normal 84%, trigliserida tinggi 16%. Kesimpulan ada hubungan antara kadar trigliserida dan status gizi yakni r hitung sebesar 0,5: r tabel = 0,396 sehingga r hitung > r tabel dengan korelasi positif.Kata Kunci : Trigliserida, Status Gizi, Tuberkulosis.AbstractTuberculosis(TB) resulting the decreasing of nutrient intake and malabsorbsi as well as changing the metabolism of the body. The wasthing are decreased protein energy. Malnutrition on TB affects the prognosis of the treatment and death rates. The increase TNF α will inhibit the enzyme activity of Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) in the fat tissue. LPL enzyme plays a role in cleavage process of triglycerides. This research was to analyze the relationship of triglycerides and nutrition status on the client with tuberculosis. The design was cross-sectional approach. The respondents were gathered from 25 newly TB patients. The analyzed using Pearson Product-Moment correlation. The results showed 56% respondents undernutrition, and normal 40% and over nutrition 4%. Most triglyceride level of the respondent were normal (84). The concluded was a relationship between triglycerides and the nutritional status with a positive correlation ( P value 0,396).Keywords : Triglycerides, Nutritional Status, Tuberculosis

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Drug disposition in obesity and protein–energy malnutrition

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665110001990 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 543-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Joseph I. Boullata

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Obese Patient ◽

Drug Disposition ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Rational Approach ◽

Drug Elimination ◽

Related Factors ◽

Protein Energy

Clinical response to medication can differ between patients. Among the known sources of variability is an individual's nutrition status. This review defines some pharmacokinetic terms, provides relevant body size metrics and describes the physiologic influences of protein–energy malnutrition and obesity on drug disposition. Weight-based drug dosing, which presumes a healthy BMI, can be problematic in the protein–energy malnourished or obese patient. The use of total body weight, lean body weight, or an adjusted body weight depends on the drug and how it is differently handled in malnutrition or obesity. Most of the recognized influences are seen in drug distribution and drug elimination as a result of altered body composition and function. Distribution characteristics of each drug are determined by several drug-related factors (e.g. tissue affinity) in combination with body-related factors (e.g. composition). Drug elimination occurs through metabolic and excretory pathways that can also vary with body composition. The current data are limited to select drugs that have been reported in small studies or case reports. In the meantime, a rational approach to evaluate the potential influences of malnutrition and obesity can be used clinically based on available information. Antimicrobials are discussed as a useful example of this approach. Further advancement in this field would require collaboration between experts in body composition and those in drug disposition. Until more data are available, routine monitoring by the clinician of the protein–energy malnourished or obese patient receiving weight-based drug regimens is necessary.

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Rat Bioassay for Evaluation of Protein Quality of Soy-Fortified Complementary Foods

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v6n6p35 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Elijah H. Kamau ◽

Charlotte A. Serrem ◽

Florence W. Wamunga

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Milk Powder ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Complementary Foods ◽

Protein Energy ◽

True Protein ◽

Protein Free Diet

Compositing complementary flours with legumes of high protein quality such as soy can be effective in abating Protein Energy Malnutrition. Soy-fortified complementary flours were developed using locally available foods from Western Kenya and used to determine the fortification effect on protein nutritional quality, growth, and rehabilitation. Ten isonitrogenous diets containing 10% protein and one containing 20% protein were formulated from six foods; maize, pearl millet, finger millet, sorghum, cassava, and banana at ratios of 70:30 flour and soy with milk powder as control and fed to weanling male albino rats. Another group was fed on a protein free diet. Banana: Soy diet had significantly superior protein nutritional quality while Maize: soy had 70% Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score. True Protein Digestibility of the fortified diets lay within the acceptable margin for cereal: bean mixtures. Fortification with soy improved protein quality indices of flours in rats, and by extrapolation could support growth of young children if used as complementary foods.

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Country Report: Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Status in Mongolia

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/156482659201400415 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Yongyout Kachondam ◽

Sakorn Dhanamitta

Keyword(s):

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Rapid Assessment ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Nutrition And Health ◽

Country Report ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Protein Energy ◽

High Level ◽

Assessment Procedures ◽

And Child Health

Information on the health and nutrition status of mothers and children in Mongolia was gathered during a recent consultancy supported by UNICEF in collaboration with WHO and the Mongolian Ministry of Health. Data were collected from published and unpublished documents, interviews with Mongolian nutrition and health specialists and UNICEF country representatives, and observations using rapid assessment procedures. The four main nutrition problems found were protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, iodine-deficiency disorders, and irondeficiency anaemia. Also of great concern is an extremely high level of acute respiratory infection among young children, which may be attributable in part to the Mongolian lifestyle.

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Formulation and Quality Evaluation of Enriched Balanced Weaning Food at Low Cost

Journal of Food Science and Technology Nepal ◽

10.3126/jfstn.v6i0.8273 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 118-121

Author(s):

Bhim Prasad Pulami ◽

Surendra Katawal

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Low Income ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Low Cost ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Weaning Food ◽

Product Price ◽

Protein Energy

Due to wide spread poverty, low income and non-availability of nutritious foods there are rampant of nutritional disorders such as protein energy malnutrition (PEM), anemia, vitamin-A deficiency, iodine deficiency disorder among preschool children in developing countries. Main purpose of the study is to formulate low cost supplementary weaning food from locally available raw materials. Based on the sensory evaluation, formula-I was preferred as a best sample (p<0.05). Chemical analysis of formula-I had been performed and found to be 2.02% moisture, 11.72% crude protein, 20.58% crude fat, 3.11% total ash, 2.69% crude fiber, 59.88% carbohydrate (by difference), 471 Kcal/100 g energy (calculated), 870.15 mg/100g vitamin A (âcarotene; calculated), 11.86mg/100g iron, 275mg/100g calcium, 23.55mg/100g ascorbic acid, 35.6μg/100g iodine and 55% water absorbing capacity. The costing revealed the retail product price per kg as NRs. 71.20. J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 6 (118-121), 2010 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v6i0.8273

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use of local kelor (moringa oleifera) leaves powder from West Nusa Tenggara to increase the neutrophile cell phagocyte index and its function on rats with PEM infected by staphylococcus aureus

Linguistics and Culture Review ◽

10.21744/lingcure.v6ns4.2062 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

Luthfiyah Fifi ◽

Sofiyatin Reni ◽

Widjajanto Edi ◽

Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Control Group ◽

The West ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Moringa Oleifera Leaves

Indonesia reportedly ranksthird in the prevalence of acute malnutrition in the Asia Pacific.Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) has a high prevalence in the West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province with over600 cases reported by the Health Department from January to October 2015, especially among children under five of which 31 cases led to death. Meanwhile, the nutrition status is accurately determined through blood biochemical and hematology tests. The Neutrophil index is an important biomarker in combating infectious agents, such as Staphylococcus aureus which is oftenthe cause of contagious diseases. Individuals suffering from Protein-Energy Malnutrition are most vulnerable to these types of infections. Fortunately, kelor (Moringaoleifera) has been found to have nutritious contents, especially protein and iron (Fe), butits potential has not been extensively explored in the West Nusa Tenggara. This study aims to confirm the effect of the local kelor (Moringa oleifera) leaves powder in increasing the Innate Immune Response of sample rats with Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM). A post-test randomized control group design was used with 20 rats grouped into five with a period of 56 days. The hematology examination used micros 6.0 (CBC-analyzer), neutrophile phagocyte index with gradient density technique, whileall data analyses were conducted using the One-way Anova.

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