Getting a Job in Europe: The Transition from Unemployment to Work among Young People in Nine European Countries

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Russell ◽  
Philip J. O'Connell
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
European Countries

Cinematic Entertainment

2021 ◽  
pp. 557-582
Author(s):  
Maite Soto-Sanfiel
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Uses And Gratifications ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Despite claims that “cinema is dead” or that it only interests nostalgic old-timers, statistics indicate a global increase in theater attendance. Not only is moviegoing still one of the favorite forms of entertainment, but it especially appeals to young people. Moreover, communication research seems to have neglected cinema, but the relationship between modern-day teenagers and the silver screen needs to be observed. This chapter reports the results of a cross-cultural study based on the uses and gratifications paradigm with youngsters from eight European countries. It presents their cinematographic uses and consumption, their motivations for going to the movies, and their preferences and conceptions regarding different movie traditions. The study also performs cross-cultural contrasts to reveal more about the impact of regional, national, and global forces on the psychological relationship between today’s teenagers and cinema.

Sexual education in selected European countries - characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 598 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Urszula Kempińska ◽  
Anna Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Sexual Education ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
The Right

This article aims to present the characteristics of sex education in selected European countries. Particular attention should be paid to the need for compulsory and diligently conducted sexual education of young people as a preventive measure and a factor providing objective scientific truth. Normative systems and set of beliefs often create social taboos about sexuality. Based on the analysis of scientific sources published in Polish, French and English, this article also shows the essence of sex education in schools, as a way for young people to make the right choices, reduce the occurrence of risky behaviors and protect against and prevent sexually transmitted diseases, unplanned pregnancy and sexual violence. Acquiring true and consistent with the current state of knowledge information on the human sexual sphere should be carried out throughout life. Conducting professional sex education classes at school would be an opportunity for all students to have equal access to information on this subject. Both for those who talk to their parents and those for whom it is a taboo. The presented effects of the lack of sexual education in schools show that its reliable and professional implementation is a means of providing help to young people and their families. However, in order to change the approach of parents and students to attending classes in this subject, it is necessary to improve the quality of teaching in this subject and to make some changes to the curriculum.

scholarly journals Las reformas históricas de la enseñanza secundaria en España

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Ruiz Berrio
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
School System ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
European Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Spain

The history of secondary education in Spain has many points in common with developments in other European countries, although with differences in time and rhythms. The author highlights the most important reforms of secondary education in contemporary Spain and argues that the understanding of reform does not necesssarily imply innovation or an improvement of teaching and learning. The author makes the case that the proposed changes in secondary education were not effective because they were framed by the Napoleonic model that characterized the entire school system. Furthermore, in most cases the new plans give priority to instruction over education which resulted in a poor formation of young people.

scholarly journals CULTURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: EMIGRATION AS EVALUATION OF LITHUANIAN CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

Ekonomika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Rytis Radavicius
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Young People ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Scientific Evaluation ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Geographical Study

This article discusses the influence of culture on economic development and its historical significance. It includes the brief historical analysis of this influence, discussion of problems of its scientific evaluation and presentation of relevant theories and hypotheses. Several practical examples are given that indicate the influence of culture on economy and suggest possible solutions to countries seeking to attain economic welfare. The main issues addressed are: the scope of influence of cultural environment on economic development, the extent of its historical determination and the possibilities to modify it by innovative and consistent actions of the state. The Lithuanian cultural environment is evaluated from an emigration perspective following its comparison with several European countries and the presentation of two qualitative researches carried out by Lithuanian scientists aimed at geographical study preferences of young people.

scholarly journals Perceived autonomy support and motivation in young people: A comparative investigation of physical education and leisure-time in four countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istvan Soos ◽  
Ibolya Dizmatsek ◽  
Jonathan Ling ◽  
Adedokun Ojelabi ◽  
Jaromir Simonek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Autonomy Support ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Perceived Autonomy Support ◽  
Current Behaviour

Physical education focuses on the development of sports skills as well as fitness for health. In Central European countries there has been a shift in these focuses since the fall of Communism to follow internationally-recognised health-related physical activity recommendations, similar to Western European countries. In this study we investigated the extent to which motivation from school physical education transfers to leisure-time physical activity providing autonomy support by three social agents: school (physical education teachers), family and peers. Our study utilised the Aetological Approach (AA), Ecological Model (EM) and the Trans-Contextual Model (TCM) that consists of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to explore how autonomous motivation is transferred between contexts (physical education, leisure-time and current behaviour). Nine-hundred and seventy-four students aged 11–18 (55% girls) participated in our study from four countries: Hungary, United Kingdom, Romania and Slovakia. A prospective research design was employed, and questionnaires were administered at three time points. Using 7-point Likert scales, attitude, usefulness, and affectiveness were measured. Furthermore, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control (PBC) were tested within TPB. Autonomous and controlling motivation were measured within SDT by administering the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise questionnaires (BREQ and BREQ-2). Finally, past physical activity, intention and current physical activity behaviours were tested. Results indicated that perceived autonomy support from family and friends predicted autonomous motivation towards leisure-time physical activity in all four countries. However, teachers’ behaviour in some Eastern European countries did not predict this transfer. In general, in line with previous literature, boys reported more physical activity than girls. A strong influencing factor in the path model was that past behaviour predicted current behaviour, and according to that factor, boys reported being more active than girls.Boys also perceived more support from PE teachers than girls which was likely to have influenced their autonomous motivation in PE, which in turn transferred to leisure time. We discuss these results in the context of theories exploring the role of motivation and social environment on children’s choices related to physical activity. In conclusion, we suggest providing more autonomy support, especially by schools, for the enhancement of autonomous motivation of young people to promote their leisure time physical activity.

Young People and Online Risk

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elza Dunkels ◽  
Gun-Marie Frånberg ◽  
Camilla Hällgren
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Empirical Base ◽  
Online Risk ◽  
Layer Cake ◽  
Vantage Points

The authors suspect that the young perspective has been left out when online risk and safety are discussed in contemporary research. The aim of this chapter is to give a critical approach to this matter and question fear as a driving force for protecting young people online. Interviews with children about their views of internet use (Dunkels, 2007) and a study of safe use guides from European countries conducted in 2008 (Lüders et al, 2009) form the empirical base. The discussion in the chapter is underpinned by ideas of childhood as a social construction, emerging ideas of power relations pertaining to age and theories of technology reception. The authors also introduce a metaphor, the layer cake, to better understand how the same action can be viewed from different vantage points.

How young people experience and perceive labour market policies in four European countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 263-292
Author(s):  
Roberta Ricucci ◽  
Chiara Ghislieri ◽  
Veneta Krasteva ◽  
Maria Jeliazkova ◽  
Marti Taru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Labour Market Policies

Returning to the parental home after the Great Recession: a matter of partnership dissolution or unemployment?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Mazzotta ◽  
Lavinia Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Returning Home ◽  
Two Peaks

Abstract This article provides an analysis of the return of young people to the parental home in 23 European countries. It analyses the effect of the Great Recession, considering the period between 2006 and 2014 and controlling for two key determinants of living arrangements: employment and partnership. The main finding is that the Great Recession has increased the probability of returning home: two peaks are observed in 2009 and 2011, with a percentage of returnees almost double that at the beginning of the period under consideration. Returning home seems more closely linked to partnership than to employment.

scholarly journals Perception of Cyberbullying in Adolescence: A Brief Evaluation Among Italian Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Saladino ◽  
Stefano Eleuteri ◽  
Valeria Verrastro ◽  
Filippo Petruccelli
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
School Context ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Italian Adolescents

Cyberbullying is associated with the expansion of digital devices and the Internet. In Italy and other European and non-European countries, the phenomenon is growing. Young people who suffer from cyberbullying develop psychopathological symptoms of anxiety, depression, and social phobia that can lead to extreme acts, such as suicide. The pressure, the sense of isolation, and helplessness experienced by cyber-victims also affect their family and the school context. Cyberbullying is acted through digital tools, it is often anonymous, and aims to destroy and psychologically humiliate the victim. There are various forms of cyberbullying that involve different reactions and consequences. However, few studies have focused on adolescents’ perception of cyberbullying. Youths often engage in aggressive behaviors, ignoring the feelings and reactions of the victims. Based on these considerations, our article aims to provide a general overview of the spread of the phenomenon and to understand the various types of cyberbullying and its consequences on victims. We will also illustrate a brief evaluation conducted in Italian schools investigating the perception of cyberbullying in a sample of 600 Italian adolescents (11–14 years old). Our work aims to investigate the cognition and the personal perception of youths about cyberbullying and its consequences and to promote educational interventions within and outside the context of school.

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