The risk of aspiration in Dettol poisoning: a retrospective cohort study

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Y.K. Chan ◽  
Julian A.J.H. Critchley ◽  
Joseph T.F. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Common ◽  
Risk Of Aspiration ◽  
Increase In Risk

1 To determine if the risk of aspiration is increased in 'Dettol' (4.8% chloroxylenol, pine oil and isopropyl alco hol) poisoning and the factors that may be responsible, a study was made of 89 patients and 89 matched control subjects with other forms of poisoning admitted to the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong. 2 Aspiration was more common in patients with Dettol poisoning (8% vs 3%, P = 0.16). There were more control subjects with drowsiness at presentation (54% vs 24%, P < 0.0001), but the use of gastric lavage (88% vs 64%, P < 0.001) and the occurrence of vomiting (62% vs 17%, P < 0.0001) were more common in patients with Dettol poisoning. 3 Our findings suggest that Dettol poisoning may be asso ciated with an increased risk of aspiration. This increase in risk may be related to the use of gastric lavage and the common occurrence of vomiting in patients with Dettol poisoning.

scholarly journals IKZF1 genetic variants rs4132601 and rs11978267 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk in Tunisian children: a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Mahjoub ◽  
Vera Chayeb ◽  
Hedia Zitouni ◽  
Rabeb M. Ghali ◽  
Haifa Regaieg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Snp Genotyping ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Common ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Associations between IKZF1 gene variants and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) was recently reported. We examined whether the common IKZF1 polymorphisms rs4132601 T/G and rs111978267 A/G are associated with ALL among a Tunisian pediatric cohort. Methods This case-control study involved 170 patients with ALL and 150 control subjects. SNP genotyping was performed by TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay. Results The minor allele G of IKZF1 gene polymorphism rs4132601 T/G was significantly higher in ALL cases than in control subjects (P = 0.029), with 1.54-fold increased risk of ALL. The association of rs4132601 with ALL was seen under co-dominant (P = 0.009), recessive (P = 0.006), and additive (P = 0.027) genetic models, of which the co-dominant (P = 0.027) and recessive (P = 0.027) association remained significant after adjusting for covariates, and False Discovery Rate correction. In contrast, no association was noted for rs111978267 variant. Two-locus (rs4132601-rs11978267) IKZF1 haplotype analysis demonstrated association of GA (P = 0.053), with increased ALL risk [OR (95% CI) = 1.58 (1.00–2.51)], which remained significant after controlling for key covariates [aP = 0.046; aOR (95% CI) = 1.61 (1.01–2.57)]. Conclusion We demonstrated the association of IKZF1 polymorphism rs4132601 T/G with increased risk of ALL among Tunisian pediatric cohort, with altered phenotypic changes among ALL patients.

scholarly journals Association between daptomycin susceptibility and teicoplanin resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Watanabe ◽  
Yukinobu Kawakami ◽  
Hiroshi Kimura ◽  
Shinobu Murakami ◽  
Hitoshi Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Clinicopathological Factors ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Analysis

AbstractStaphylococcus epidermidis infections are a common occurrence in hospitals, particularly in catheter-related bloodstream and surgical site infections and infective endocarditis. Higher daptomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values may be associated with daptomycin treatment failure among patients with S. epidermidis infections. We therefore conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the predictive value of daptomycin susceptibility. A retrospective study was undertaken in 1,337 patients with S. epidermidis infections. Data were collected from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2016 at Ehime University Hospital, and included the following clinicopathological factors for evaluation: age, sex, resistance to vancomycin or teicoplanin, and history of antimicrobial therapy. Multiple analysis was performed using logistic regression to identify factors that independently and significantly affected the daptomycin resistance. Daptomycin-resistant S. epidermidis was identified in 38 (2.8%) patients. According to the multiple analysis, only higher MIC values (≥16 mg/L) for teicoplanin (P < 0.0001) were independently associated with an increased risk of developing daptomycin resistance. In conclusion, higher teicoplanin MIC values may predict resistance to daptomycin treatment in S. epidermidis infections.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological Evidence of Auditory and Cognitive Processing Deficits in Parkinson Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Robert L. Folmer ◽  
Jay J. Vachhani ◽  
Amy Riggins
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Central Auditory Processing ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Related Potentials

Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients are at increased risk for central auditory processing (CAP) deficits and cognitive dysfunction. However, behavioral assessments of CAP and cognitive processing used in a previous study by our research team found few significant differences in performance between early-stage PD patients and age-matched control subjects. The objective of this study is to use auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) to compare CAP and cognitive functions in a population of PD patients with a group of age-matched control subjects. Methods. AERPs in response to tonal and speech stimuli were recorded from 35 adults who had a medical diagnosis of PD (23 males and 12 females; mean   age = 66.9 ± s . d . 11.2   years ), and 35 age-matched control subjects who did not have PD or any other neurological disorders (31 males and 4 females; mean   age = 65.4 ± s . d . 12.3   years ). Auditory stimuli included pure tones (500 and 1000 Hz) to elicit the P300 response and a dichotic digits paradigm to elicit the N200 processing negativity. Results. Compared to control subjects, PD patients exhibited significantly longer latencies of P300 and N200 components and smaller amplitude N200 components. Latency and amplitude of the N200 component were significantly correlated with participants’ age. N200 amplitude was correlated with results from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) of cognitive ability. Latency of the P300 and amplitude of the N200 components were significantly correlated with results from the Spatial Release From Masking (SRM) behavioral CAP assessment. Conclusions. AERP assessments used in this study appear to be sensitive indicators of CAP and cognitive deficits exhibited by early-stage PD patients. While few significant differences in performance on behavioral CAP and cognitive tests were previously observed between this population of PD patients and age-matched control subjects, N200 and P300 components recorded in the present study revealed impaired neural processing by the PD group.

scholarly journals Risk and mortality of aspiration pneumonia in Parkinson’s disease: a nationwide database study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Hee Won ◽  
Seong Jun Byun ◽  
Byung-Mo Oh ◽  
Sang Jun Park ◽  
Han Gil Seo
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Aspiration Pneumonia ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Nationwide Database ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Risk Of Aspiration

AbstractThis retrospective cohort study investigated the risk and mortality rate due to aspiration pneumonia in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) using a nationwide database. We identified 10,159 newly diagnosed PD patients between 2004 and 2006, and four age- and sex-matched controls for each PD patient from the National Health Insurance Service database in Korea. We analyzed the relative risk of aspiration pneumonia and mortality after the first occurrence of aspiration pneumonia until 2017. Throughout the study period, PD patients showed a higher incidence of aspiration pneumonia than their matched controls (3.01 vs. 0.59 events per 1,000 person-years), and they were at an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia (hazard ratio = 4.21; 95% confidence interval, 3.87–4.58). After the first occurrence of aspiration pneumonia, the mortality rate of PD patients was 23.9% after one month, 65.2% after 1 year, and 91.8% after 5 years, while that of controls was 30.9%, 67.4%, and 88.9%, respectively. Patients with PD are at an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia, and approximately two-thirds of the patients die within a year after experiencing aspiration pneumonia. Further studies are warranted to prevent aspiration pneumonia and implement proper treatments to prevent death after aspiration pneumonia in patients with PD.

scholarly journals Patients with pemphigus are at an increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: a large-scale cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Khalaf Kridin ◽  
Virginia A. Jones ◽  
Payal M. Patel ◽  
Shira Zelber-Sagi ◽  
Christoph M. Hammers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Scale Population

AbstractData regarding the association between pemphigus and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is inconclusive and yet to be firmly established. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the risk of developing RA during the course of pemphigus. A large-scale population-based longitudinal cohort study was conducted to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) of RA among 1985 patients with pemphigus relative to 9874 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched control subjects. A multivariate Cox regression model was utilized. The incidence of RA was 1.07 (95% CI, 0.62–1.72) and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.24–0.52) per 1000 person-years among patients with pemphigus and controls, respectively. The lifetime prevalence of RA was 2.3% (95% CI, 1.7–3.1%) among cases and 1.8% (95% CI, 1.5–2.0%) among controls. Patients with pemphigus were more than twice as likely to develop RA as compared to control subjects (adjusted HR, 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–4.92). The increased risk was robust to a sensitivity analysis that included only cases managed by pemphigus-related systemic medications (adjusted HR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.30–5.05). In conclusion, pemphigus is associated with an increased risk of RA. Physicians treating patients with pemphigus should be aware of this possible association. Further research is required to better understand the mechanism underlying this association.

scholarly journals Proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor blockers for stress ulcer prophylaxis in patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 030006052110251
Author(s):  
Minqiang Huang ◽  
Ming Han ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Lei Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Stress Ulcer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ulcer Prophylaxis

Objective We aimed to compare the efficacy and risks of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) versus histamine-2 receptor blocker (H2B) use for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in critically ill patients with sepsis and risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III Clinical Database to identify critically ill adult patients with sepsis who had at least one risk factor for GIB and received either an H2B or PPI for ≥48 hours. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to balance baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results After 1:1 PSM, 1056 patients were included in the H2B and PPI groups. The PPI group had higher in-hospital mortality (23.8% vs. 17.5%), GIB (8.9% vs. 1.6%), and pneumonia (49.6% vs. 41.6%) rates than the H2B group. After adjusting for risk factors of GIB and pneumonia, PPI use was associated with a 1.28-times increased risk of in-hospital mortality, 5.89-times increased risk of GIB, and 1.32-times increased risk of pneumonia. Conclusions Among critically ill adult patients with sepsis at risk for GIB, SUP with PPIs was associated with higher in-hospital mortality and higher risk of GIB and pneumonia than H2Bs.

scholarly journals Subtype Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of Cryptosporidium felis in Cats in Guangdong and Shanghai, China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Jiayu Li ◽  
Fuxian Yang ◽  
Ruobing Liang ◽  
Sheng Guo ◽  
Yaqiong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Subtyping Tool

Cryptosporidiumfelis is an important cause of feline and human cryptosporidiosis. However, the transmission of this pathogen between humans and cats remains controversial, partially due to a lack of genetic characterization of isolates from cats. The present study was conducted to examine the genetic diversity of C. felis in cats in China and to assess their potential zoonotic transmission. A newly developed subtyping tool based on a sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was employed to identify the subtypes of 30 cat-derived C. felis isolates from Guangdong and Shanghai. Altogether, 20 C. felis isolates were successfully subtyped. The results of the sequence alignment showed a high genetic diversity, with 13 novel subtypes and 2 known subtypes of the XIXa subtype family being identified. The known subtypes were previously detected in humans, while some of the subtypes formed well-supported subclusters with human-derived subtypes from other countries in a phylogenetic analysis of the gp60 sequences. The results of this study confirmed the high genetic diversity of the XIXa subtype family of C. felis. The common occurrence of this subtype family in both humans and cats suggests that there could be cross-species transmission of C. felis.

scholarly journals Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes by Degree of Maternal Serum Analyte Elevation: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. e369-e379
Author(s):  
Amanda Yeaton-Massey ◽  
Rebecca J. Baer ◽  
Larry Rand ◽  
Laura L. Jelliffe-Pawlowski ◽  
Deirdre J. Lyell
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Obstetric Complication ◽  
Patient Counseling ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Antenatal Management ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate rates of preterm birth (PTB) and obstetric complication with maternal serum analytes > 2.5 multiples of the median (MoM) by degree of elevation. Study Design Retrospective cohort study of singleton live-births participating in the California Prenatal Screening Program (2005–2011) examining PTB and obstetric complication for α-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), unconjugated estriol (uE3), and inhibin A (INH) by analyte subgroup (2.5 to < 6.0, 6.0 to < 10.0, and ≥ 10.0 MoM vs. < 2.5 MoM). Results The risk of obstetric complication increased with increasing hCG, AFP, and INH MoM, and were greatest for AFP and INH of 6.0 to <10.0 MoM. The greatest risk of any adverse outcome was seen for hCG MoM ≥ 10.0, with relative risk (RR) of PTB < 34 weeks of 40.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.7–77.0) and 13.8 (95% CI: 8.2–23.1) for obstetric complication. Conclusions In euploid, structurally normal fetuses, all analyte elevations > 2.5 MoM confer an increased risk of PTB and, except for uE3, obstetric complication, and risks for each are not uniformly linear. These data can help guide patient counseling and antenatal management.

scholarly journals Melanoma is associated with an increased risk of bullous pemphigoid: a large population-based longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalaf Kridin ◽  
Jennifer E. Hundt ◽  
Ralf J. Ludwig ◽  
Kyle T. Amber ◽  
Dana Tzur Bitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bullous Pemphigoid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
History Of ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractThe association between bullous pemphigoid (BP) and melanoma is yet to be investigated. We aimed to assess assess the bidirectional association between BP and melanoma and to delineate the epidemiological features of patients with both diagnoses. A population-based cohort study was performed comparing BP patients (n = 3924) with age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched control subjects (n = 19,280) with regard to incident cases of melanoma. A case–control design was additionally adopted to estimate the risk of BP in individuals with a preexisting diagnosis of melanoma. The prevalence of preexisting melanoma was higher in patients with BP than in control subjects (1.5% vs. 1.0%, respectively; P = 0.004). A history of melanoma confers a 50% increase in the risk of subsequent BP (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.14–2.06). This risk was higher among males (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.09–2.54) and individuals older than 80 years (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.11–2.38), and persisted after adjustment for multiple putative confounders including PD-1/PDL-1 antagonists (adjusted OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.14–2.06). Conversely, the risk of melanoma among patients with BP was slightly elevated, but did not reach the level of statistical significance (adjusted HR 1.13; 95% CI 0.73–1.74). Patients with a dual diagnosis of BP and melanoma were older at the onset of BP and had lower body mass index. A history of melanoma is associated with a 50% increase in the incidence of subsequent BP. Physicians managing patients with both conditions should be aware of this association. Further research is warranted to reveal the underlying mechanism of these findings.

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