scholarly journals Long-Term Trend in Infant Mortality in India: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis for 1971–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-406
Author(s):  
Aalok Ranjan Chaurasia
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Joinpoint Regression Analysis ◽  
Sample Registration System ◽  
Official Sample

Infant mortality rate (IMR) in India remains high by international standards. India accounts for the largest number of global infant deaths. This study analyses the trend in IMR in India over almost four decades beginning 1971 through 2018. The analysis is based on annual estimates of IMR available through India’s official sample registration system and follows the joinpoint regression analysis approach. The analysis reveals that the trend in IMR in India changed three times during 1971–2018 and the pace of decrease has been different in different sub-periods with a considerable deceleration in the decrease during 1992–2006. It is only after the launch of National Rural Health Mission in 2005 that the decrease in IMR in India and selected states accelerated to more than 4 per cent per year.

scholarly journals Long-term Trend in Infant Mortality in India: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis for 1981-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aalok Ranjan Chaurasia
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Joinpoint Regression Analysis ◽  
Long Term Trend

AbstractInfant mortality rate (IMR) in India remains high by international standards. India accounts for largest number of global infant deaths. This study analyses the trend in IMR in India over almost four decades beginning 1981 through 2018. The analysis is based on the official estimates of IMR available through sample registration system. Long-term trend in IMR is analysed by using joinpoint regression analysis which reveals that the trend in IMR in India changed four times during the period 1981-2018 and the trend has been different for different states of the country. The annual proportionate decrease in IMR was the most rapid during 1985-92 in the country and in most of its states but slowed down considerably during the period 1992-99. The significant deceleration in the decrease in IMR during 1992-99 appears to be the result of the policy shift in the delivery of maternal and child health services. Had the decrease in IMR not decelerated during 1992-99, the IMR in India would have been decreased to less than 20 by 2018.

Drug-related medical hospital admissions during and after a period of head shop expansion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobby P Smyth ◽  
Anne O’Farrell ◽  
Walter Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
National Database ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Joinpoint Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Downward Trend

Abstract Background New psychoactive substance (NPS) use can negatively impact health and may result in drug-related hospital admissions (DRHAs). Irish youth reported very high rates of NPS use by international standards, the most common being synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones. There was a rapid expansion in specialist shops, called head shops, selling NPS in 2010. Government responded to public protests about head shops by enacting legislation in May and August 2010 to end this trade. Many academics argued that such actions would prove futile. We sought to determine if changes in head shop activity coincided with changes in DRHA. Methods The national database on admissions to general hospitals hospital in-patient enquiry was examined focusing on young adults admitted from 2008 to 2012, and all emergency admissions with an International Classification of Diseases-10 diagnosis of mental disorder related to any drug (F11–F19) were identified. Joinpoint regression analysis was utilized to explore for the presence of trend changes in DRHA. Results Joinpoint regression analysis identified a significant downward trend change which occurred in June 2010 (95% CI February 2010 to January 2011). DRHA increased by 0.5% (95% CI 0.1–0.9) per month prior to this and then fell by 2.6% (95% CI −1.4 to −3.8) per month over the next 16 months. Conclusions Cessation of NPS sale by head shops coincided with a reversal in the upward trend of emergency hospital admissions related to drugs. Although correlation does not confirm causation, legislation which successfully curtails the commercial sale of NPS may result in reduced hospitalizations.

scholarly journals Stochastic Analysis of Infant Deaths by Age and Estimation of Parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Brijesh P. Singh ◽  
Shweta Dixit ◽  
Tapan Kumar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Digit Preference ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Sample Registration System ◽  
Vital Registration System

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is a sensitive and powerful index of development. Birth and death, registered through vital registration system in the developing countries suffer from age misreporting, omissions and under count. To overcome this defectiveness in data and to obtain reliable estimates of birth and death rates, India introduced Sample Registration System (SRS) in 1960 but still they suffer from considerable degree of errors. It is observed in retrospective surveys that events are misreported due to ignorance and digit preference of the respondents. Thus, the data on deaths collected, suffer from one defect or other as mentioned above. To resolve this problem attempts have been made to develop and fit suitable models to data on age distribution of deaths. In this paper an attempt has been made to develop a model with an idea of the majority of infant deaths occurs within the first month of their life. The model is used to give a functional shape to the phenomenon of infant deaths distribution and apply on real data taken from NFHS.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 1-5

scholarly journals Pauses and reversals of infant mortality decline in India in 2017 and 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Drèze ◽  
Aashish Gupta ◽  
Sai Ankit Parashar ◽  
Kanika Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Mortality Decline ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Sample Registration System ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Economic Slowdown

This note examines recent trends in infant mortality in India, based on summary reports from the Sample Registration System (SRS). We find evidence of slowdown, pauses, and reversals in infant mortality decline in large parts of India in 2017 and 2018, the last two years for which SRS data are available. In urban areas, the infant mortality rate stagnated at 23 deaths per 1,000 births between 2016 and 2018. Worse, overall infant mortality increased in the poorer states of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh in this period. This occurred despite sustained improvements in household access to sanitation and clean fuel. One possible interpretation of these findings is that, in addition to their impact on unemployment and poverty, the demonetization experiment in late 2016 and the subsequent economic slowdown had an adverse effect on child health. In any case, these trends reinforce earlier evidence of faltering human development in India in recent years.

scholarly journals Features of machine learning in the study of the main factors of development of countries of the world

2021 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Ludmila Borisova ◽  
Galina Zhukova ◽  
Anna Kuznetsova ◽  
Julie Martin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
The World

The paper analyzes the socio-economic and demographic indicators of life expectancy in the countries of the world. Methods of regression analysis and machine learning are used. Statistically significant indicators that affect life expectancy around the world have been identified. When analyzing the data using machine learning methods, 13 of the 14 analyzed indicators were statistically significant. Significant indicators, in addition to those selected in the regression analysis, were 3: the under-five infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), the Net Barter Terms of Trade Index (2000 = 100), and Imports of goods and services (in % of GDP) (in the regression analysis, only the infant death rate was significant). In addition, it should be noted that there is a significant decrease in the under-five infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) for the EU, CIS and South-East Asian countries compared to the border set in the study for all countries: 4.65 vs. 34.9, a decrease in the birth rate from 2.785 to 1.85, a sharp increase in exports of goods and services: from 23.17 to 80.59, a halving in imports of goods and services, a drop in population growth from 2.105 to 0.85. The performed statistical analysis strongly supports the use of machine learning methods in identifying statistically significant relationships between various indicators that characterize the development of countries, if there are gaps in the data.

scholarly journals Smoke-free legislation and neonatal and infant mortality in Brazil: longitudinal quasi-experimental study

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-054923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hone ◽  
Andre Salem Szklo ◽  
Filippos T Filippidis ◽  
Anthony A Laverty ◽  
Isabela Sattamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

ObjectiveTo examine the associations of partial and comprehensive smoke-free legislation with neonatal and infant mortality in Brazil using a quasi-experimental study design.DesignMonthly longitudinal (panel) ecological study from January 2000 to December 2016.SettingAll Brazilian municipalities (n=5565).ParticipantsInfant populations.InterventionSmoke-free legislation in effect in each municipality and month. Legislation was encoded as basic (allowing smoking areas), partial (segregated smoking rooms) or comprehensive (no smoking in public buildings). Associations were quantified by immediate step and longer term slope/trend changes in outcomes.Statistical analysesMunicipal-level linear fixed-effects regression models.Main outcomes measuresInfant and neonatal mortality.ResultsImplementation of partial smoke-free legislation was associated with a −3.3 % (95% CI −6.2% to −0.4%) step reduction in the municipal infant mortality rate, but no step change in neonatal mortality. Comprehensive smoke-free legislation implementation was associated with −5.2 % (95% CI −8.3% to −2.1%) and −3.4 % (95% CI −6.7% to −0.1%) step reductions in infant and neonatal mortality, respectively, and a −0.36 (95% CI −0.66 to−0.06) annual decline in the infant mortality rate. We estimated that had all smoke-free legislation introduced since 2004 been comprehensive, an additional 10 091 infant deaths (95% CI 1196 to 21 761) could have been averted.ConclusionsStrengthening smoke-free legislation in Brazil is associated with improvements in infant health outcomes—particularly under comprehensive legislation. Governments should accelerate implementation of comprehensive smoke-free legislation to protect infant health and achieve the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal three.

Increases of suicide rates in Kansas: results from 2009-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Lloyd ◽  
David W. Oakley
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Joinpoint Regression Analysis ◽  
The Difference

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the increase in suicide rates for Kansas residents, as well as quantify the difference in suicide rates between men and women across the State of Kansas. Design/methodology/approach To evaluate increases in suicide rates, a joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to calculate the annual percentage change in suicide rates. To evaluate differences between sex characteristics, a one-way analysis of variance was conducted. Findings Results of a joinpoint regression analysis found that the annual percentage change in the suicide rates of Kansas did increase significantly between 2009 and 2018. Furthermore, the rate of suicide increase among women was greater than the suicide rate increases of men. Originality/value The value of this study provides context to the suicide literature that could allow for better local and statewide policy decisions.

Infant Mortality Among Singletons and Twins in Japan During 1999–2008 on the Basis of Risk Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Imaizumi ◽  
Kazuo Hayakawa
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Live Births

The infant mortality rate (IMR) among single and twin births from 1999 to 2008 was analyzed using Japanese Vital Statistics. The IMR was 5.3-fold higher in twins than in singletons in 1999 and decreased to 3.9-fold in 2008. The reduced risk of infant mortality in twins relative to singletons may be related, partially, to survival rates, which improved after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation for twin — twin transfusion syndrome. The proportion of neonatal deaths among total infant deaths was 54% for singletons and 74% for twins. Thus, intensive care of single and twin births may be very important during the first month of life to reduce the IMR. The IMR decreased as gestational age (GA) rose in singletons, whereas the IMR in twins decreased as GA rose until 37 weeks and increased thereafter. The IMR was significantly higher in twins than in singletons from the shortest GA (<24 weeks) to 28 weeks as well as ≥38 weeks, whereas the IMR was significantly higher in singletons than in twins from 30 to 36 weeks. As for maternal age, the early neonatal and neonatal mortality rates as well as the IMR in singletons were significantly higher in the youngest maternal age group than in the oldest one, whereas the opposite result was obtained in twins. The lowest IMR in singletons was 1.1 per 1,000 live births for ≥38 weeks of gestation and heaviest birth weight (≥2,000 g), while the lowest IMR in twins was 1.8 at 37 weeks and ≥2,000 g.

scholarly journals Temporal Trends in Apparent Food Consumption in Bangladesh: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis of FAO’s Food Balance Sheet Data from 1961 to 2013

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan ◽  
Jennifer Saulam ◽  
Kanae Kanda ◽  
Tomohiro Hirao
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Joinpoint Regression Analysis

We analyzed the temporal trends and significant changes in apparent food consumption or availabilityin Bangladesh from 1961 to 2013. Due to the lack of a long-term national dietary intake dataset, this study used data derived from the FAO’s food balance sheets. We used joinpoint regression analysis to identify significant changes in the temporal trends. The annual percent change (APC) was computed for each segment of the trends. Apparent intake of starchy roots, eggs, fish, vegetables, milk, and vegetable oils significantly has increased (p < 0.05) in the Bangladeshi diet since 1961; whereas cereals changed by merely 4.65%. Bangladesh has been experiencing three structural changes in their dietary history after the Liberation War, though the intake level has been grossly inadequate. Initially, since the late-1970s, apparent vegetable oils intake increased at a market rate (APC = 7.53). Subsequently, since the early-1990s, the real force behind the structural change in the diet has been the increasing trends in the apparent intake of fish (APC = 5.05), eggs (APC = 4.65), and meat (APC = 1.54). Lastly, since the early 2000s, apparent intakes of fruits (APC = 20.44), vegetables (APC = 10.58), and milk (APC = 3.55) increased significantly (p <0.05). This study result reveals and quantifies the significant secular changes in the dietary history of Bangladesh from 1961 to 2013. Bangladesh has experienced inadequate but significant structural changes in the diet in the late-1970s, early-1990s, and early-2000s. Overabundance of cereals and inadequate structural changes in the diet may have caused the increasing prevalence of overweightness and emergence of diet-related, non-communicable diseases in Bangladesh.

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