The Workforce of the Future: Implications for Industrial Relations, Education and Training

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell D. Lansbury
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
High Standard ◽  
First Century ◽  
Work Organisation ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Forms Of Work ◽  
And Training

This paper examines new forms of work organisation which may emerge in the coming decade, as the distinction between white and blue collar work fades and occupational status is defined more in terms of skills and knowledge. Demarcation barriers between skilled and unskilled work, trades and professions will become less relevant as multiskilling and inter-changeability of personnel becomes a requirement in most organisations. The proportion of self employed in the workforce will also increase and most people will work on contracts rather than be guaranteed long-term employment with one organisation. Few people will pursue the same occupation throughout their working lives. Retraining will become a constant requirement to ensure that skills remain relevant. While the latest technologies will continue to be used in order to maintain a high standard of living, there will be pressures on industry and governments to retain some labour intensive forms of work in order to contain levels of unemployment. Three possible scenarios are presented for the future of work in the twenty-first century.

The Future of Order

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-244
Author(s):  
Kyle M. Lascurettes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Order ◽  
First Century ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
The Future ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Near Term

Chapter 9 (“The Future of Order”) reviews the empirical findings of the book and discusses their implications for the study of international relations. It then leverages these findings to address the two most important questions for international order in the twenty-first century: In the near term, what changes to the existing liberal order will the United States advocate as it continues to decline in relative power? And in the long term, what is its projected hegemonic successor, China, likely to do with the existing order when it finds itself in a position to fundamentally recast its underlying principles?

Reforming Foreign Services for the Twenty-First Century

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Riordan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
First Century ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Foreign Service ◽  
Radical Reform ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
And Training

AbstractNew technology, new actors, new issues and the breakdown of distinctions between foreign and domestic policy have undermined diplomats' monopoly over international relations. Foreign services have been overtaken by these changes and are no longer up to the challenges of defending and promoting national interests in the twenty-first century. They need radical reform of their structures, culture, recruitment and training. Above all, they need to reinforce their capacity for medium- and long-term geopolitical analysis and strategic thinking and introduce greater flexibility into their operations. Nevertheless, an effective foreign service is ever more essential to a country's security and economic and social welfare. Governments should give higher priority to foreign service reform. This article suggests specific areas to consider.

The Oxford Handbook of Skills and Training

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Workforce Development ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Systems Dynamics ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Training

Skills and workforce development are at the heart of much research on work, employment and management. Equally policy makers and managers throughout the world often cling to skill, believing that better development of them is the answer to a seemingly expanding range of practical and policy challenges. But are they so important? To what extent can they make a difference for individuals, organisations and nations? How are the supply and - more importantly - the utilisation of skill - current evolving? What are the key factors shaping skills trajectories of the future? This Handbook provides an authoritative consideration of issues such these. It does so by drawing on experts in a wide range of disciplines including sociology, economics, labour/industrial relations, human resource management, education and geography. The book’s 32 Chapters are organised around seven sections: I: Concepts and Definitions of SkillII: Skill FormationIII: Skill UtilisationIV: Skill OutcomesV: Differing skill systems – Levels of determinationVI: Differing skill systems – Dynamics at different stages of developmentVII: Current Challenges The Handbook is relevant for all with an interest in the changing nature, and future, of work, employment and management. It draws on the latest scholarly insights to shed new light on all the major issues concerning skills and training today. While written primarily by leading scholars in the field it is equally relevant to policy makers and practitioners responsible for shaping the development of human capability today and into the future.

The Future of the Law of Occupation

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 107-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen E. Boon
Keyword(s):  
Gaza Strip ◽  
First Century ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Jus Post Bellum ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Unified Command

SummaryThe law of occupation has become the subject of great contemporary interest because of two prominent, although sui generis, situations: the long-term Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, and the Golan Heights and the “transformative” occupation of Iraq. In both situations, the occupying powers resisted the label of belligerent occupier and selectively applied the 1907 Hague Regulations and the 1949 Geneva Conventions to the territories in question. The unique circumstances of these occupations have sparked vigorous debate over the future of the law of occupation. To wit, is the widely accepted, but largely unenforced, law of occupation capable of regulating transitions between armed conflict and peace in the twenty-first century? This article examines recent developments in the notoriously open-textured law of occupation that have arisen as this law has been variously ignored, invoked, challenged, examined, and ultimately reformed through practice. In particular, it discusses the triggers for beginning and ending an occupation, including recent jurisprudence on the “effective control” test. The article examines who can be an occupier, the question of “multiple occupiers” under unified command, and the obligations of occupiers in the areas of legislation and institutional reform. The author also considers the challenges of UN involvement in transitional situations, including the applicability of the law of occupation to UN forces and the role of the Security Council in adapting the law of occupation. The author concludes with a discussion of the principle of “conservationism” and the relationship between the law of occupation and jus post bellum, in order to provide an assessment of possible “futures” of the law of occupation.

An industry-led skills agenda

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
David Doig
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Future ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
World Class ◽  
Business Needs ◽  
And Training

The Australian hydrocarbon industry is dynamic in its existing and planned growth. The need for a sustainable, highly skilled, safe, and work-ready workforce is critical to the success of the industry for now and the future. Every nation blessed with hydrocarbon resources should view its hydrocarbon industry as a national treasure to be nurtured for the benefit and prosperity of the nation and its people through maximising it’s in-country value. While there are many strands to creating sustainable in-country value, at the core of any sustainability is the skills development of the workforce. Improving the volume of local products and services is critical to creating lasting in-country value and this will only be achieved by the supply of a skilled, qualified, and competent workforce from a world-class learning infrastructure. Such an infrastructure must be created in full alignment with an industry led skills agenda aligned to business needs, integrated with education and training providers, supported by government and the education system, and managed by a focused independent industry skills body. This extended abstract describes a model for creating such a national skills infrastructure. It shows how this work will be led and owned by the collective industry as they will set the skills agenda and the priorities. Finally it identifies the benefits for business, for employees, and for the nation itself as hydrocarbon resources are nurtured for the long-term prosperity of all.

Fate, Choice and the Birth of Risk

Futureproof ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 19-41
Author(s):  
Jon Coaffee
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
First Century ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Scientific Explanations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Way

This chapter tells the story of how ideas of resilience emerged as the go-to futureproofing idea in the early years of the twenty-first century. It has a long history dating back to pre-modern times and extends through the advancement of associated ideas of ‘risk’. Tracing the deeper development of changes in the way hazards and disasters have been historically viewed, and vulnerability felt, by human civilisations of the past, is vital to understanding the roots of contemporary dilemmas and the growing influence of ideas of resilience in the twenty-first century. There are long-term historical processes that have defined the contours of society and the slowly evolving structures that collectively symbolise how the need to be able to account for hazards and disasters has reshaped our world. As such, this is a story of religious versus scientific explanations, and of enhancing the ability to control the future through better knowledge about what is in store and the likelihood of certain events occurring.

scholarly journals The End of the Retirement “Age”: How the New World of Work Is Transforming the Old World of Retirement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Sheen
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Later Life ◽  
First Century ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Work World ◽  
Life Engagement ◽  
The One ◽  
New Forms Of Work

The nature of work is undergoing fundamental transformation in the twenty-first century with drivers including digitalization, automation, and new forms of work organization. This chapter explores how the concept of retirement itself is increasingly redundant in relation to the new world of work. Of course, working lives inevitably do come to an end, but for whom, and at what point, and under what personal and social financial conditions, is this end point? Many people will want, and be required by public policy, to continue their working lives well into later life. In addition, the new dynamics of work and employment unfolding may enable this later life engagement. But in the “post-work” world predicted by many scholars, will later life employment be a possibility for them, and even for many people in their middle and younger years? This chapter explores the implications of the future of work for how traditional models of working lives and retirement need to be restructured and examines the one vital reform to ensure everyone can sustain a decent life in the new highly volatile world of work.

scholarly journals Finnish WorldSkills Achievers’ Vocational Talent Development and School-to-Work Pathways

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pylväs ◽  
Petri Nokelainen
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Deliberate Practice ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
And Training

This paper examines the perceptions of vocational expertise and school-to-work pathways among WorldSkills Competition (WSC) achievers and their co-workers and employers within the Finnish context. At the biennial international WSC, young people (aged 18-to-23 years) from over 60 countries demonstrate their skills in more than 40 trades. Individualized training for this competition is provided through the cooperation of vocational institutions (e.g., expert coaches, team leaders and competition panellists) and industry (e.g., mentors, sponsors, materials, equipment). Semi-structured thematic interviews (N=51) were conducted in 2013 and 2014 with former Finnish WSC medal or diploma winners (n=18) who had since begun their working lives (1-to-15 years of work experience). Their employers (n=16) and colleagues (n=17) were also interviewed. Results showed that in addition to vocation-specific knowledge and skills, problem-solving skills, creativity, social skills and self-regulatory skills were acknowledged as the most significant elements of vocational expertise. The findings also indicated that formal vocational education combined with deliberate practice and training based on expert mentoring improved the long-term career progress and vocational expertise of the WSC achievers.

Japan: Model Society of the Future?

1991 ◽  
Vol 513 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKIO SUMIYA
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
First Century ◽  
Value System ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

Japan's economic development has attracted the attention of the world. Can Japan be the economic model for the world of the twenty-first century? While maintaining its traditional value system, Japan accepted Western culture and technology successfully, overcoming gaps and tensions. Social and economic tensions have not been as serious as in other advanced and developing countries, and one of the important explanations lies in Japan's type of industrial relations. In analyzing Japanese industrial relations, however, we find that the so-called features special to Japan do not qualify Japan as a distinct model. The family principle of enterprise, which is the basis of Japanese economic energy, also cannot be considered a model. Regrettably, one cannot say that Japan is a model society for the future.

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