Meningoencephalomyelitis in domestic cats: 3 cases of Pasteurella multocida infection and literature review

Neurologic diseases are common in domestic cats, and infectious agents are suspected to be the primary cause in 30–45% of cases. Among infectious etiologies, those of bacterial origin are only sporadically characterized in the literature, with few of these reports correlating gross and histologic findings with confirmatory bacteriologic identification. Here, we describe bacterial meningitis and meningoencephalomyelitis associated with Pasteurella multocida in 3 domestic cats. Purulent exudate expanding the cerebral meninges was grossly evident in 2 of the cases. In all 3 cases, histologic changes included multifocal suppurative-to-necrosuppurative meningitis and/or meningoencephalomyelitis of variable severity. Intralesional colonies of gram-negative, short rod-shaped to coccobacillary bacteria were evident histologically in only 1 case. P. multocida was confirmed by routine bacteriologic culture in all cases. Based on our cases, we hypothesize that the upper respiratory system serves as the main portal of entry for P. multocida, leading to invasion of the central nervous system and possible systemic hematogenous dissemination. A case series of meningoencephalomyelitis associated with P. multocida infection in cats has not been reported previously, to our knowledge. We also review briefly other causes of meningoencephalomyelitis in cats.

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Acupuncture Therapy for Fever Induced by Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (Urti) in Military Medical Service: A Case Series

Acupuncture in Medicine ◽

10.1136/acupmed-2014-010629 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 509-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

SeungWon Kwon ◽

KyoungHo Shin ◽

WooSang Jung ◽

SangKwan Moon ◽

KiHo Cho

Keyword(s):

Tract Infection ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Medical Service ◽

Case Series ◽

Treatment Session ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Accompanying Symptoms

We report the cases of eight military patients with fever (≥38°C) induced by viral upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) who requested treatment with acupuncture in the military medical service room. All patients were treated immediately after diagnosis with classical acupuncture (GV14, GB20, TE8 points) and a new type of acupuncture, equilibrium acupuncture ( Feibing and Ganmao points). After one treatment session (20 min), reduction of body temperature was confirmed in all patients. Accompanying symptoms such as headache, myalgia and nasal obstruction also showed a tendency to decrease. Within 3 days of treatment, six of the eight patients had recovered from the URTI. No adverse effects of acupuncture treatment were reported.

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Meningitis Caused by Salmonella Newport in a Five-Year-Old Child

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1155/2016/2145805 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Ana De Malet ◽

Sheila Ingerto ◽

Israel Gañán

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Invasive Disease ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Negative Bacillus ◽

Salmonella Newport ◽

Gram Negative Bacillus ◽

The Central Nervous System

Salmonella Newport is a Gram-negative bacillus belonging to the Enterobacteria family and the nontyphi Salmonella (NTS), usually related to gastroenteritis. Main difference between NTS and Salmonella typhi is that the last one evolves to an invasive disease easier than NTS. These can progress to bacteremias in around 5% of cases and secondary focuses can appear occasionally, as in meningitis. An infection of the central nervous system is uncommon, considering its incidence in 0.6–8% of the cases; most of them are described in developing countries and mainly in childhood, especially neonates. Bacterial meningitis by NTS mostly affects immunosuppressed people in Europe. Prognosis is adverse, with a 50% mortality rate, mainly due to complications of infection: hydrocephalus, ventriculitis, abscesses, subdural empyema, or stroke. Choice antibiotic treatments are cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, or ceftazidime. The aim of this paper is to present a case of meningitis caused by Salmonella Newport diagnosed in a five-year-old girl living in a rural area of the province of Ourense (Spain), with favorable evolution and without neurological disorders.

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Studies in the Common Cold. II. A Study of Certain Gram-negative Filter-passing Anaërobes of the Upper Respiratory Tract

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences ◽

10.1097/00000441-192811000-00079 ◽

1928 ◽

Vol 176 (5) ◽

pp. 760

Author(s):

&NA; Mills ◽

&NA; Shibley ◽

&NA; Dochez

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Common Cold ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Gram Negative ◽

The Common ◽

Upper Respiratory

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Inflammatory complications of CGRP monoclonal antibodies: a case series

The Journal of Headache and Pain ◽

10.1186/s10194-021-01330-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jason C. Ray ◽

Penelope Allen ◽

Ann Bacsi ◽

Julian J. Bosco ◽

Luke Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Case Series ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

The Body ◽

Temporal Association ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Calcitonin Gene ◽

Close Proximity ◽

The Central Nervous System

Abstract Background Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is expressed throughout the body and is a known mediator of migraine, exerting this biological effect through activation of trigeminovascular, meningeal and associated neuronal pathways located in close proximity to the central nervous system. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting the CGRP pathway are an effective new preventive treatment for migraine, with a generally favourable adverse event profile. Pre-clinical evidence supports an anti-inflammatory/immunoregulatory role for CGRP in other organ systems, and therefore inhibition of the normal action of this peptide may promote a pro-inflammatory response. Cases We present a case series of eight patients with new or significantly worsened inflammatory pathology in close temporal association with the commencement of CGRP mAb therapy. Conclusion This case series provides novel insights on the potential molecular mechanisms and side-effects of CGRP antagonism in migraine and supports clinical vigilance in patient care going forward.

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The Upper Respiratory Tract of Felids Is Highly Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms221910636 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (19) ◽

pp. 10636

Author(s):

Nadine Krüger ◽

Cheila Rocha ◽

Sandra Runft ◽

Johannes Krüger ◽

Iris Färber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Domestic Cats ◽

Changes Detection ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Air Liquid Interface

Natural or experimental infection of domestic cats and virus transmission from humans to captive predatory cats suggest that felids are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it is unclear which cells and compartments of the respiratory tract are infected. To address this question, primary cell cultures derived from the nose, trachea, and lungs of cat and lion were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. Strong viral replication was observed for nasal mucosa explants and tracheal air–liquid interface cultures, whereas replication in lung slices was less efficient. Infection was mainly restricted to epithelial cells and did not cause major pathological changes. Detection of high ACE2 levels in the nose and trachea but not lung further suggests that susceptibility of feline tissues to SARS-CoV-2 correlates with ACE2 expression. Collectively, this study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 can efficiently replicate in the feline upper respiratory tract ex vivo and thus highlights the risk of SARS-CoV-2 spillover from humans to felids.

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Characteristic of infectious status in patients with acutely decompencated chronic heart failure and its impact on annual prognosis

Kardiologiia ◽

10.18087/cardio.2642 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (8S) ◽

pp. 56-62

Author(s):

V. A. Kostenko ◽

M. Yu. Sitnikova ◽

E. A. Skorodumova ◽

E. G. Skorodumova ◽

A. N. Fedorov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Intestinal Bacteria ◽

Mycoplasma Hominis ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Infectious Agents ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Inflammatory Stress ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

One Year

Aim. The assessment of infectious status in patients with acutely decompensated chronic heart faiure (ADCHF) without evident signs of acute inflammatory stress and its impact on the 1 year prognosis.Material and methods. Totally, 65 patients with ADCHF of ischemic origin investigated, age 67,3±2,3 y.o. All patients were taken markers of phagocytosis and inflammatory stress as well as antibodies to Streptococcus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (VEB), Candida albicans, Toxoplasma gondii, Aspergillus, Mycoplasma hominis and pneumonia and also level of lipopolysaccharids (LPS) of gram-negative bacteriae.Results. More often LPS of gram-negative bacteriae were revealed in patients with ADCHF and further in decreasing order – antibodies to CMV, VEB, Streptococcus, Candida, Aspergillus and LPS. All patients have been infected by at least 2 pathogens, more than 90 % of them had 3 ones or more. Mortality in first 12 months observation correlated with quantity of patient`s pathogenic patterns (r=0,52, p=0,004). Dependency of one-year mortality from degree of viral-bacterial mixt contamination was almost linear. CMV was a monopathogen with strongest correlation with mortality (r=0,39, p=0,001). In patients with more significant infection bigger rate of re-hospitalizations about new ADCHF correlated with number of pathogens was observed (r=0,61, p=0,001).Conclusion. Chronic latent infection with a significant number of pathogens is characteristic of patients with low-ejection ADCHF of ischemic genesis with a significant number of pathogens: more than 90 % of patients had three or more. The most common exogenous pathogens in the study sample of patients with chronic obstructive heart failure were CMV, EBV, and hemolytic streptococcus, of the potentially endogenous ones, gram-negative intestinal bacteria. The number of infectious agents in patients with chronic obstructive heart failure has a direct correlation with deaths and re-admission to hospital with total heart failure within 1 year after discharge from the hospital.

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Invasive tracheal neoplasia in eight cats: descriptive cases and review of the current literature

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports ◽

10.1177/2055116917690074 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 205511691769007 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James Howard ◽

Jade Fisher ◽

M Katherine Tolbert

Keyword(s):

Current Literature ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Case Series ◽

Tertiary Referral ◽

Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽

Severe Respiratory Distress ◽

Poorly Differentiated ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tracheal Tumors

Case series summary This case series describes eight cases of invasive tracheal neoplasia that were recognized between the years 1989 and 2014 from a single tertiary referral hospital. This is a disproportionately high number of cases compared with the total number of reports in the current literature. Relevance and novel information Invasive tracheal neoplasia is uncommonly diagnosed in domestic cats. Feline tracheal tumors mimic other upper respiratory diseases making diagnosis challenging. Prognosis is guarded to grave, with most cats surviving less than 1 month after beginning treatment. Severe respiratory distress in cats often warrants humane euthanasia. Appropriate clinical suspicion and awareness can expedite diagnoses leading to prolonged survival rates with appropriate treatments. This case series represents the largest number of feline tracheal tumors reported and also describes the first unique histological presentation of what the authors believe to be a poorly differentiated tracheal carcinoma.

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NEUROLOGIC DISEASES IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.19.5.949 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 949-957

Author(s):

William A. Hawke ◽

John S. Prichard

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Brain Stem ◽

Developmental Patterns ◽

Basic Emotions ◽

Neurologic Diseases ◽

Neurologic Disorders ◽

Infancy And Childhood ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Brain

THE SEMINAR was conducted in four 3-hour sessions and aimed to cover the more important features of pediatric neurology. DEVELOPMENT Dr. Hawke reviewed the normal development of the central nervous system in the infant and child which is so important in the assessment of neurologic disorders in this age group. It was noted that the nervous system was particularly immature and changing rapidly in the first 2 years of life. Development was related to myelination and it was emphasized that this was not a steady process but a pattern of sequences of rapid and slow growth. Motor and sensory development appeared to develop from above and to proceed downward, so that eye-control develops before hand- and legcontrol. Development was related to three functioning levels of the central nervous system—the brain stem, the archipallium, and the neopallium. It was observed that the newborn baby functioned at the brain stem level, and to illustrate this an example was given of the hydranencephalic baby which behaves perfectly normally for the first few weeks of life. The anchipallium, which includes part of the temporal lobe, the cingulate gyrus and basal ganglia, supervenes on the brain stem and may be considered responsible for the basic emotions and some primitive motor and sensory control. The neopallium, which includes most of the cerebral hemisphere, becomes dominant in primates. Its function is intellectual rather than emotional and is responsible for skills, discrimination and fine movements. The clinical application of these developmental patterns are innumerable but illustrations were given of changes in physical signs in static brain lesions.

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2143. Attempting to Add Clarity to “Indeterminates” on a Deployed Rapid Diagnostic with Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) Intervention

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1823 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S726-S726

Author(s):

Heather L Cox ◽

April E Attai ◽

Allison M Stilwell ◽

Kasi B Vegesana ◽

Frankie Brewster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Diagnostic Testing ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Empiric Therapy ◽

Central Line ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

University Hospital ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Stewardship Program

Abstract Background Rapid diagnostic testing paired with ASP intervention optimizes therapy and improves outcomes but few data guide ASP response in the absence of organism identification (ID). We describe the microbiology for organisms unidentified by Accelerate Pheno™ Gram-negative platform (AXDX) in order to inform ASP-provider team communication (PTC). Methods Consecutive, non-duplicate inpatient blood cultures with Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) following AXDX implementation at a single university hospital between April 2018 and March 2019 were included. Standard of care (SOC) ID and susceptibility followed AXDX. Clinical Microbiology emailed AXDX results to the ASP in real time; results were released into the EMR paired with telephone PTC or withheld after ASP review. Bloodstream Infections (BSIs) and patient outcomes for organisms labeled no/indeterminate ID by the AXDX were characterized. Results AXDX was performed on 351 blood cultures. Among 52 (15%) labeled no/indeterminate ID, SOC methods revealed: Enterobacteriaceae (40%; 9 monomicrobial with AXDX targets), anaerobes (21%), non-lactose fermenters (NLFs) other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21%), and fastidious GNB (10%). Frequent organisms without AXDX targets included: Raoultella planticola (4); Bacteroides fragilis, Cupriavidus spp., Haemophilus spp., Prevotella spp., Providencia spp., non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella spp. (3 each); Pasteurella multocida, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (2 each). BSI sources were most commonly intra-abdominal (21%), central line-associated (17%), or unknown (17%). CLABSIs were associated with immune suppression and/or substance abuse in all but 1 case. BSIs without active empiric therapy included: NDM-producing Providencia stuartii SSSI; OXA-48-producing R. planticola intraabdominal infection (IAI); Pandoraea spp. CLABSI after liver transplant; enteric fever; B. fragilis, Leptotrichia wadei, and S. maltophilia, each of unknown source. In-hospital mortality occurred in 4 of these cases. Conclusion When AXDX yields no/indeterminate ID, ASP chart review for possible anaerobic/IAI, unique environmental exposures, and travel history may assist in guiding empiric therapy. GNB with AXDX targets are not excluded. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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