scholarly journals Effect of Metformin on Development of Tendinopathy Due to Mechanical Overloading in an Animal Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1455-1465
Author(s):  
Jianying Zhang ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Daibang Nie ◽  
Kentaro Onishi ◽  
MaCalus V. Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Background: Tendinopathy is a debilitating tendon disorder that affects millions of Americans and costs billions of health care dollars every year. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a known tissue damage signaling molecule, has been identified as a mediator in the development of tendinopathy due to mechanical overloading of tendons in mice. Metformin (Met), a drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, specifically inhibits HMGB1. This study tested the hypothesis that Met would prevent mechanical overloading-induced tendinopathy in a mouse model of tendinopathy created by intensive treadmill running (ITR). Methods: C57BL/6J mice (female, 3 months old) were equally separated into 4 groups and treated for 24 weeks as follows: group 1 had cage control activities, group 2 received a single intraperitoneal injection of Met (50 mg/kg body weight) daily, group 3 underwent ITR to induce tendinopathy, and group 4 received daily Met injection along with ITR to inhibit HMGB1. Tendinopathic changes were assessed in Achilles tendons of all mice using histology, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: ITR induced HMGB1 release into the tendon matrix and developed characteristics of tendinopathy as evidenced by the expression of macrophage marker CD68, proinflammatory molecules (COX-2, PGE2), cell morphological changes from normal elongated cells to round cells, high levels of expression of chondrogenic markers (SOX-9, collagen type II), and accumulation of proteoglycans in tendinopathic tendons. Daily injection of Met inhibited HMGB1 release and decreased these degenerative changes in ITR tendons. Conclusions: Inhibition of HMGB1 by injections of Met prevented tendinopathy development due to mechanical overloading in the Achilles tendon in mice. Clinical Relevance: Met may be able to be repurposed as a therapeutic option for preventing the development of tendinopathy in high-risk patients.

Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
P. Bagavandoss ◽  
JoAnne S. Richards ◽  
A. Rees Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity and Pathogenicity of Chimeric Infectious DNA Clones of Pathogenic Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) and Nonpathogenic PCV1 in Weanling Pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (20) ◽  
pp. 11232-11243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fenaux ◽  
T. Opriessnig ◽  
P. G. Halbur ◽  
X. J. Meng
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Capsid Gene ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Clone Group

ABSTRACT Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), whereas the ubiquitous porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) is nonpathogenic for pigs. We report here the construction and characterization of two chimeric infectious DNA clones of PCV1 and PCV2. The chimeric PCV1-2 clone contains the PCV2 capsid gene cloned in the backbone of the nonpathogenic PCV1 genome. A reciprocal chimeric PCV2-1 DNA clone was also constructed by replacing the PCV2 capsid gene with that of PCV1 in the backbone of the PCV2 genome. The PCV1, PCV2, and chimeric PCV1-2 and PCV2-1 DNA clones were all shown to be infectious in PK-15 cells, and their growth characteristics in vitro were determined and compared. To evaluate the immunogenicity and pathogenicity of the chimeric infectious DNA clones, 40 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs were randomly assigned into five groups of eight pigs each. Group 1 pigs received phosphate-buffered saline as the negative control. Group 2 pigs were each injected in the superficial inguinal lymph nodes with 200 μg of the PCV1 infectious DNA clone. Group 3 pigs were each similarly injected with 200 μg of the PCV2 infectious DNA clone, group 4 pigs were each injected with 200 μg of the chimeric PCV1-2 infectious DNA clone, and group 5 pigs were each injected with 200 μg of the reciprocal chimeric PCV2-1 infectious DNA clone. As expected, seroconversion to antibodies to the PCV2 capsid antigen was detected in group 3 and group 4 pigs. Group 2 and 5 pigs all seroconverted to PCV1 antibody. Gross and microscopic lesions in various tissues of animals inoculated with the PCV2 infectious DNA clone were significantly more severe than those found in pigs inoculated with PCV1, chimeric PCV1-2, and reciprocal chimeric PCV2-1 infectious DNA clones. These data indicated that the chimeric PCV1-2 virus with the immunogenic ORF2 capsid gene of pathogenic PCV2 cloned into the nonpathogenic PCV1 genomic backbone induces a specific antibody response to the pathogenic PCV2 capsid antigen but is attenuated in pigs. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the usefulness of the chimeric PCV1-2 infectious DNA clone as a genetically engineered live-attenuated vaccine against PCV2 infection and PMWS.

scholarly journals TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Rehan Khawaja ◽  
Tahir Munir ◽  
Uzma Hassan ◽  
Syed Shoaib Shah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Dm Type 2

Objectives: To access the Antioxidant Status in Patient with Variation in Durationof Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Data source: 90 selected patients suffering from Type 2 DiabetesMellitus (DM) and 30 subjects as control group. Design of study: Case Control Study. Setting:Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad. Period: July 2013 – March 2014. Materials& methods: Out of 120 selected subjects, 90 were of DM type 2and 30 were assigned ascontrol group (group 1). Based on duration, patients of DM type 2 were divided into; group2, 3 and 4; group 2 – patients with DM (type 2) duration less than 5 years, group 3 - with DMduration between 5-10 years and group 4 - with duration of DM more than 10 years. Smokers,renal failure, coronary artery disease, thyroid disease and previous antioxidant treatmentpatients were excluded from the study. Diabetes mellitus type 2 was diagnosed according tothe standards set by American Diabetes Association. The fasting plasma glucose levels weremeasured by glucose oxidase method; HbA1c by automated kit on Cobas Integra of Roche.The TAC was measured by calorimetric TAC Assay Kit (BioVision) while Vitamin C and E weremeasured by using ELISA Kit (HUMAN). Cut off values for HbA1c was taken as ≤6%; FBS≤110 mg/dl; TAC ≥1.16 mmol/L; Vitamin C ≥2 mg/dl; Vitamin E ≥ 9.5nmol/ml. Results: Asthe duration of type 2 diabetes increases, it was seen that vitamin C levels and TAC levels inall groups except between groups 1 & 2 decreased significantly; however, anti-oxidant vitaminE, was found to be significantly decreased in all the groups as the duration increases. Asignificantly increased level of HbA1c were noticed in groups 2, 3 and 4 as compared to group1 as the duration of diabetes increases; however, the levels were found to be non-significantwhen group 4 was compared with that of group 2 and group 3. When fasting blood sugarwas compared between the diabetic groups a significant increased levels were noticed in allthe groups with the exception between group 3 and 4. A significant differences between eachgroup and within the groups was observed when Hb1Ac, vitamin E, vitamin C, &TAC werecompared using ANOVA. A statistical significant correlation was observed when HbA1c wascorrelated with FBS; however, it shows an inverse relationship with TAC, vitamin C and vitaminE. A significant inverse correlation of FBS was noticed with TAC, vitamin C, and vitamin E. Asignificant positive correlation was seen when TAC was correlated with vitamin C and vitamin E.A similar trend of significant positive correlation was seen when vitamin C was correlated withvitamin E. Conclusions: The levels of total anti-oxidant capacity, vitamin C, and vitamin Egradually decrease with duration of diabetes and are associated with oxidative stress. Theseantioxidant vitamins (vitamin C and vitamin E) should be supplemented in diabetics to increasetheir quality of life. TAC status may be taken as early marker to detect complications in diabetictype 2 patients especially of longer duration.

scholarly journals The correlation between type 2 diabetes and fat fraction in liver and pancreas: a study using MR Dixon technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shun ◽  
lv Jieqin ◽  
Zhang zhongshuai ◽  
Ma Mingping ◽  
Su Jiawei
Keyword(s):  
Fat Content ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Fat Fraction ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background The increased obesity results in ectopic fat deposits in liver and pancreas.Ectopic fat deposits affect insulin resistance and blood sugar content with Type 2 Diabetes.To assess the relationship between obesity and ectopic fat deposits and diabetes,this study used MR Dixon method for the quantification of liver and pancreas fat fraction (FF) in T2DM patients and healthy controls. Methods The FF of liver and pancreas, the maximum diameters of the pancreas, SAT, VAT and TAT were measured for 167 subjects using the MR Dixon data.Four groups were established on the basis of BMI value.For statistics, intra-and inter-group comparison was done by employing Independent Sample t Test. Results ① The average fat content in liver and pancreas, the fat content in pancreas body and tail, and VAT in Group 1 were higher than those in Group 3 (P༜0.05). ② The average fat content in liver and pancreas, the adipose fraction of the pancreas head, and VAT in the Group 2 were higher than those in Group 4 (P༜0.05). ③ The average fat content of liver and pancreas, the adipose content of the body and the tail of the pancreas, the abdominal subcutaneous adipose area (SAT), the visceral adipose tissue area (VAT), and the total abdominal adipose tissue area (TAT) in Group 2 were higher than those in the Group 1 (P༜0.05). ④ The FF of pancreas tail, SAT and TAT in Group 4 were higher than those in Group 3 (P༜0.05). Conclusion The tissue FF,which has a close relationship with T2DM,can be assessed by MR Dixon technique.The results showed that all T2DM patients should pay attention to tissue fat content regardless of BMI values.

scholarly journals Application of Bio-Resorbable Membranes in Preventing Complications of Lower Jaw Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tušek Ivan ◽  
Pohodenko-Chudakova Irina ◽  
Tserakhava Nikolaevna ◽  
Maksimovich Ekaterina ◽  
Karsyuk Yuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Dry Socket ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Membrane Type

Summary Background/Aim: Prevention of inflammation and alveolar bone atrophy is very important in oral surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the use of two osteoplastic bio-resorbable membranes in order to prevent inflammatory complications and atrophy of the alveolar part of the mandible after surgical interventions. Material and Methods: We examined 86 patients 45-70 years old who were classified into four groups. In group 1, there were 21 patients who had a “bio-resorbable membrane type 1 implanted. The group 2 consisted of 23 persons treated with bio-resorbable membrane type 2. Only the occurrence of inflammatory complications after the placement of these membranes was monitored. Group 3 included 20 persons treated with membrane type 1 and group 4 included 22 patients treated with membrane type 2 to prevent both inflammatory complications and atrophy of the alveolar part of the mandible. The level of atrophy of the alveolar bone after one year was determined by cone-beam computed tomography. The obtained data were statistically evaluated. Results: Six inflammatory complications (“dry socket”) have been identified in operated patients treated with a membrane type 1 (the first and the third groups). Only two “dry socket” occurred in patients treated with membrane type 2 (the second and fourth groups). Group 4 had significant advantages in the alveolar crest height 14.6 (11.2-22.3) and in its width 7.7 (5.1-10.2) both in relation to the indices of group 3 (11.1 (9.7-20.4) and 6.2 (4.2-9.0). Conclusions: The bio-resorbable membrane type 2 prevented inflammatory complications in the short postoperative period after surgical interventions, as well as, the atrophy of the mandible.

scholarly journals The Risk of Bladder Cancer in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Combination Therapy of SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Pioglitazone

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 828
Author(s):  
Yan-Rong Li ◽  
Chi-Hung Liu ◽  
Wei-Chiao Sun ◽  
Pei-Yi Fan ◽  
Feng-Hsuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Either sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors or pioglitazone (Pio) has doubtful issues of bladder cancer, especially for the combination therapy with these two drugs. Our study aimed to investigate the risk of bladder cancer under combination therapy of SGLT-2 inhibitors and Pio. Materials and Methods: We included 97,024 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Chang Gung Research Database in Taiwan from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019. The primary outcome was newly diagnosed bladder cancer after combination therapy with SGLT-2 inhibitors and Pio. Group 1 received both study drugs, group 2 received SGLT-2 inhibitors, group 3 received Pio, and group 4 received non-study drugs (the reference group). The secondary outcome in each group was all-cause mortality. Results: In group 1, no newly diagnosed bladder cancer was detected after a mean 2.8-year follow-up and all-cause mortality decreased significantly (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR), 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54–0.92) in comparison to the reference group (group 4). In group 2 and group 3, no trend of increased bladder cancer was observed (group 2: AHR 0.49, 95% CI 0.05–4.94; group 3: AHR 0.48, 95% CI 0.15–1.58) and it still reduced all-cause mortality (group 2: AHR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.99; group 3: AHR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.99). Conclusions: In T2DM patients without previous or active bladder cancer, the combination therapy of SGLT-2 inhibitors and Pio was not associated with newly diagnosed bladder cancer and had lower all-cause mortality.

scholarly journals Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation with Radial Firing Tips onCandida albicansin Experimentally Infected Root Canals

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leman Ozkan ◽  
Serap Cetiner ◽  
Tamer Sanlidag
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Irradiation Effect ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Aim. To compare the disinfection effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser using radial firing tips with NaOCI in root canals infected withC. albicansand to evaluate the irradiation effect on the dentinal surfaces.Material and Methods. In total seventy-six mandibular premolar teeth were used. In order to standardize the incubation and sterilization procedure, eight teeth were used. Sixty-eight of the root canals were incubated withC. albicanssuspension for 72 hours. The specimens were divided into 5 experimental groups. Two groups were constituted as Group 1 was irradiated with 1.5 W laser (n=8) and group 2, which was irradiated with 2 W laser (n=8). Two more groups were formed as Group 3 (2 W laser (n=25) and Group 4 NaOCI (5%) (n=25). Group 5 (n=2) did not receive any treatment. Mann-WhitneyUand Kruskal-WallisHtests were used to compare the different laser output powers. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used in order to compare theCandidacfu/ml levels according to treatment protocols (P<0.05).Results. Both 1.5 W and 2 W laser resulted in a major reduction ofC. albicanswithout a significant difference. The comparison of the dentin surfaces irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser at two power settings resulted in similar morphological changes. However, NaOCI was found to be more effective in reduction ofC. albicansthan 2 W laser application.Conclusion. According to the results of the present study, the Er,Cr:YSGG laser with radial firing tips presented less antifungal effects onC. albicansin root canals of infected teeth than NaOCl solution.

scholarly journals Effect of visceral obesity on main artery elasticity and vascular age in patients with hypertension, obesity, and type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 4466
Author(s):  
M. E. Statsenko ◽  
M. V. Derevyanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Main Artery ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Vascular Age ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To assess the effect of visceral obesity on main artery elasticity and vascular age in patients with hypertension (HTN), obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D).Material and methods. A total of 320 patients with stage II-III HTN aged 4570 years were divided into 4 groups: isolated HTN (group 1), HTN and obesity (group 2), HTN, obesity and T2D (group 3), HTN and T2D without obesity (group 4). We assessed the clinical status, parameters of visceral obesity, main artery elasticity, and vascular age. We used nonparametric statistics, Spearman correlation analysis.Results. At least 50% of all patients had visceral obesity, despite no BMI-estimated obesity in groups 1 and 4: 57,5 vs 100,0 vs 100,0 vs 50,0% in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively (p<0,0001).In the groups where hypertension was combined with obesity and T2D, the proportion of patients with leptin content above 32,7 ng/ml significantly increased to 80% (in total for groups 2 and 3) compared with 25,0% among HTN people without obesity (in total for groups 1 and 4). There was a significant increase in proportion of patients with a adiponectin decrease <14,6 ng/ml among patients with a combination of HTN and T2D ± obesity (45% in total for groups 3 and 4) in comparison with those with HTN and without T2D ± obesity (22,5% in total for groups 1 and 2).The visceral adiposity index (VAI) was significantly higher among patients with HTN, obesity and T2D compared with those with isolated HTN and HTN in combination with T2D only (2,96 [2,36; 3,98] vs 1,87 [1,40; 2,67] vs 2,22 [1,61; 3,26], respectively). A higher proportion of subjects with adipose tissue dysfunction was noted in groups 2 and 3 compared to groups 1 and 4 (75 vs 81,1 vs 41,5 vs 53,4%, respectively, p1-2<0,001, p1-3<0,001, p2-4=0,023, p3-4=0,002).The proportion of patients with a pulse wave velocity >10 m/s was consistently more common among patients of group 3 compared with patients in groups 1 and 2 (77,0 vs 57,9 and 55,3%, respectively, p1-3=0,004, p2-3=0,006).Vascular age was significantly lower in group 1 compared with groups 3 and 4 (64,0 [57,8; 71,0] vs 69,0 [62,0; 73,0] and 69,5 [66,0; 74,3] years, respectively), as well as in group 2 compared with group 4 (64,0 [56,5; 70,5] vs 69,5 [66,0; 74,3] years). The 5-year risk of cardiovascular events was significantly higher among patients with hypertension, obesity and T2D and those with HTN and T2D without obesity, compared with patients with isolated HTN, and with those with HTN and obesity (5,9 [3,9; 7,9] and 6,5 [4,7; 8,7] vs 4,4 [2,7; 6,8] and 3,6 [2,4; 5,8], respectively). Correlation analysis revealed the relationship between the visceral obesity parameters, main artery elasticity, vascular age and the 5-year risk of cardiovascular events, demonstrating the special aspects of HTN course in each of the studied groups.Conclusion. The paper showed peculiarities of the effect of visceral obesity on main artery elasticity and vascular age in patients with HTN in combination with obesity and T2D.

scholarly journals Estimation of Serum Glutathione Peroxidase in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rat Treated with Bitter Leaf Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
Arvin Nwakulite ◽  
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu ◽  
Richard Eze ◽  
Valerie Esame Ugochi ◽  
C.C.N. Vincent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease in which there are high blood sugar levels. Type 2 is due to the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enzyme activity in glutathione peroxidase in type 2 diabetic rats induced streptozotocin Wister rats. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods was used. Thirty-two (32) adult rats of Wister strain weighing between 120 g – 200 g of both sexes equally were used. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes after high fat diet. The rats were randomly grouped into 4 groups of 8 rats; group 1 are rats fed with only feed and water, group 2 were given 37 mg/kg of streptozotocin with feed and water, group 3 had 37 mg/kg of streptozotocin, feed, water and treated with 2ml of freshly prepared bitter leaf extract daily, group 4 had feed, water, 37mg/kg of streptozotocin and treated with 5 mg/kg of glibenclamide (anti diabetic drug). Severity of the induced diabetic state was assessed by daily and weekly monitoring of body weights and blood glucose levels. The result of fasting blood sugar shows a significant difference (P<0.05) at group 3(7.72±0.99) compared to group 4(9.93±1.22) in week 2.There is also a significant decrease (p<0.05) at group 3(7.72±0.99) compared to group 4(9.90±1.24) in week 3.There is also a significant decrease (p<0.05) at group 3(6.22±1.20) compared to group 46.50±0.70) in week 5. There is a significant increase (p<0.05) at group 1(7.63±0.71) compared to group 4(5.78±1.40), group 2(7.45±0.87) compared to group 4(5.78±1.40)in week 4.There is also a significant decrease in GPX activity in group at group 1(424.59±102.65) compared to group 2(307.34±75.66). There is no significant difference (p>0.05) at group 2(307.34±75.66) compared to group 3(204.31±46.51). There is also no significant difference (p>0.05) at group 2(307.34±75.66) compared to group 4(206.12±55.37). No significant difference (p>0.05) at group 3(204.31±46.51) compared to group 4(206.12±55.37). In conclusion, the result of this study suggest that bitter leaf extract reduced glucose level and has no  damage effect on the liver.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet and Red Yeast Rice Supplementation for the Management of Hyperlipidemia in Statin-Intolerant Patients with or without Type 2 Diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sartore Giovanni ◽  
Burlina Silvia ◽  
Ragazzi Eugenio ◽  
Ferraresso Stefania ◽  
Valentini Romina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Lipid profile could be modified by Mediterranean diet (MD) and by red yeast rice (RYR). We assessed the lipid-lowering effects of MD alone or in combination with RYR on dyslipidemic statin-intolerant subjects, with or without type 2 diabetes, for 24 weeks. We evaluated the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, liver enzyme, and creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels. We studied 171 patients: 46 type 2 diabetic patients treated with MD alone (Group 1), 44 type 2 diabetic patients treated with MD associated with RYR (Group 2), 38 dyslipidemic patients treated with MD alone (Group 3), and 43 dyslipidemic patients treated with MD plus RYR (Group 4). The mean percentage changes in LDL cholesterol from the baseline were-7.34±3.14% (P<0.05) for Group 1;-21.02±1.63% (P<0.001) for Group 2;-12.47±1.75% (P<0.001) for Group 3; and-22±2.19% (P<0.001) for Group 4 with significant intergroup difference (Group 1 versus Group 2,P<0.001; Group 3 versus Group 4,P>0.05). No significant increase in AST, ALT, and CPK levels was observed in all groups. Our results indicate that MD alone is effective in reducing LDL cholesterol levels in statin-intolerant patients with a presumably low cardiovascular risk, but associating MD with the administration of RYR improves patients’ LDL cholesterol levels more, and in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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