A Posture-Productivity Index: A Proposed Methodology

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-348
Author(s):  
Michael W. Riley ◽  
David J. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Index ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Static Work ◽  
Operator Training ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Working Efficiency

The working posture of an individual influences his working efficiency and working efficiency significantly affects productivity. An index of productivity as a function of posture-related variables is needed to assess the significance of posture's effect on productivity. A posture-productivity index expresses the capability to increase productivity by changing working posture. The index is based upon the following nine ergonomie guidelines or contributing factors for working posture described by Ayoub (1971): static work, overload of muscular system, mechanical advantage, joint positions, unnatural postures, proper sitting posture, allowable change of posture, accommodation of large operators, and operator training. The advantage of this procedure is not only to be able to determine the posture-productivity index, but more importantly, the capability to improve worker efficiency by modifying working posture is indicated. Such an indication will be an invaluable tool, especially since most changes to improve working posture would normally require minimal investment.

scholarly journals Influence of design of dentist’s chairs on body posture for dentists with different working experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Huppert ◽  
W. Betz ◽  
C. Maurer-Grubinger ◽  
F. Holzgreve ◽  
L. Fraeulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Ergonomic Design ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
Working Postures

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are a common health problem among dentists. Dental treatment is mainly performed in a sitting position. The aim of the study was to quantify the effect of different ergonomic chairs on the sitting position. In addition, it was tested if the sitting position of experienced workers is different from a non-dental group. Methods A total of 59 (28 m/31f) subjects, divided into two dentist groups according to their work experience (students and dentists (9 m/11f) < 10 years, dentists (9 m/10f) ≥ 10 years) and a control group (10 m/10f) were measured. A three-dimensional back scanner captured the bare back of all subjects sitting on six dentist’s chairs of different design. Initially, inter-group comparisons per chair, firstly in the habitual and secondly in the working postures, were carried out. Furthermore, inter-chair comparison was conducted for the habitual as well as for the working postures of all subjects and for each group. Finally, a comparison between the habitual sitting posture and the working posture for each respective chair (intra-chair comparison) was conducted (for all subjects and for each group). In addition, a subjective assessment of each chair was made. For the statistical analysis, non-parametric tests were conducted and the level of significance was set at 5%. Results When comparing the three subject groups, all chairs caused a more pronounced spinal kyphosis in experienced dentists. In both conditions (habitual and working postures), a symmetrical sitting position was assumed on each chair. The inter-chair comparisons showed no differences regarding the ergonomic design of the chairs. The significances found in the inter-chair comparisons were all within the measurementerror and could, therefore, be classified as clinically irrelevant. The intra-chair comparison (habitual sitting position vs. working sitting position) illustrated position-related changes in the sagittal, but not in the transverse, plane. These changes were only position-related (forward leaned working posture) and were not influenced by the ergonomic sitting design of the respective chair. There are no differences between the groups in the subjective assessment of each chair. Conclusions Regardless of the group or the dental experience, the ergonomic design of the dentist’s chair had only a marginal influence on the upper body posture in both the habitual and working sitting postures. Consequently, the focus of the dentist’s chair, in order to minimize MSD, should concentrate on adopting a symmetrical sitting posture rather than on its ergonomic design.

ANALISA KELUHAN MUSCULOSKELETAL PADA POSTUR TUBUH PEKERJA PENYERUT KAYU DI MEBEL UD. SETIA USAHA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE RAPID UPPER LIMB ASSESSMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Apriyadi Salsa ◽  
Subchan Asy'ari
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorder ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Improve Working ◽  
Work Posture ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Level Of Risk

UD.Setia Usaha a business in the field of furniture, during the production process, starting from the activity of the initial raw materials to the process of finished products there is a position that causes interference with the muscular system and needs to improve working posture. Bent position, working with standing, back bent, excessive workload are activities that need to be evaluated gradually. The position of the furniture worker UD. Faithful Business that is not ergonomic. can cause musculoskeletal disorder (MSDs). The purpose of this study was to determine the worker's posture on the activities of furniture workers in the wood shavers at UD. Faithful Business Data collection is done by direct observation to the field and interviews. The data obtained were analyzed using the RULA method, then the grand score was categorized based on the action level of the RULA. The result is the final score of each work posture and level of risk. There are 2 work postures that are often performed by workers. Work posture has a final score of 7 and a higher level of risk is to stand bent and arms outstretched.

scholarly journals Static Anthropometric Characteristics of Bangladeshi Vehicle Driver: A Case Study

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Halder ◽  
E. Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Working Efficiency

Background. Inappropriate design of sitting furniture and working equipment causes the serious musculoskeletal injuries and various pains as well as reducing working efficiency. Uncomfortable sitting posture in prolonged driving in Bangladesh is an issue to be solved immediately. Therefore, anthropometric databank of user population is significantly essential for the suitable dimensional design for avoiding these remarkable problems.Methods. This study analyses the anthropometric data of the Bangladeshi male vehicle driver aged between 30 and 60 years. A total of 210 Bangladeshi healthy drivers are considered for 15 anthropometric measurements and compared with the similar anthropometrics of other nationalities.Results.The mean stature and sitting height erect of Bangladeshi driver are 1645 mm and 843 mm, respectively. The mean of body mass index (BMI) of the drivers is 26.09 kg/m2, which indicates that the drivers are overweight. The mean stature of Bangladeshi driver is 17 mm shorter than the driver of Korea and 115 mm shorter than the driver of Iran.Conclusion. There are substantial differences between the body dimensions of Bangladeshi driver and similar dimensions of other countries. In comparison, Bangladeshi driver is found to be the shortest compared with the sample of other nationalities.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI PENGUKURAN PRODUKTIVITAS DENGAN METODE MARVIN E. MUNDEL DI UKM ROTI BERNAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Nemesis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Measurement ◽  
Total Index ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Total Productivity ◽  
Production Output ◽  
Bread Production

Bread Bernas SME is a home industry that is engaged in producing bread. The problems that exist in Bread Bernas SME are the amount of bread production that cannot meet production targets and production costs such as raw material costs have increased but the amount of production output has decreased. This study aims to determine the productivity index, influencing factors, and proposed improvements to increase productivity. This productivity measurement uses the Marvin E. Mundel method by calculating the partial and total productivity indices. The results of the productivity index for each input (depreciation, labor, materials, electrical energy, and maintenance) in 2020 as a period measured successively are 80.76%; 84.40%; 87.76%; 102.10%; 68.30%; and a total index of 87.02%. To increase productivity, it can be implemented such as adding radios and speakers, adding fans, implementing a floor cleaning schedule and production machines, and so on. Implementation is carried out in April and May 2021. The results of the productivity index after implementation of each input (depreciation, labor, materials, electrical energy, and maintenance) in April 2021 respectively are 103.17%; 106.48%; 113.45%; 112.04%; 107.89% and a total index of 112.06%. Meanwhile, the productivity index in May 2021 was 106.07% in a row; 107.36%; 111.74%; 110.20%; 102.43%; and the total index is 109.55%.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE AMERICAN PRODUCTIVITY CENTER DI CV. CUPU ARTAMA JAYA, JOMBANG, JAWA TIMUR

AGROINTEK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 985-992
Author(s):  
Dhita Morita Ikasari ◽  
Badaruzzaman Arya Dermawan ◽  
Panji Deoranto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Input ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Job Descriptions ◽  
A Value ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Improvement Index

CV. Cupu Artama Jaya is a chicken slaughterhouse managed by a private sector, located in Jombang, East Java. So far, CV. Cupu Artama Jaya has never measured productivity, but only evaluated financial benefits. This study aims to analyze the productivity index, profitability index and price repair index at CV. Cupu Artama Jaya. The method used in this research is the American Productivity Center (APC). APC is a method that compares historical data with current data to determine the level of productivity and company profitability. The historical data used in this study are March 2019 - February 2020. The results show that the lowest productivity index value is energy input of 69.975 and the highest productivity index is also energy input of 170.221. The lowest profitability index was energy input of 69.976 and the highest profitability index was also energy input of 170.283. The lowest price improvement index occurred in July 2019 and September 2019 at 0.998, while the highest price improvement index value occurred in February 2020 with a value of 1.002. Suggestions to increase productivity and profitability at CV. Cupu Artama Jaya includes adding job descriptions to employees to monitor energy use, setting quality standards and price limits for chickens received from breeders, arranging agreements related to the number of chicken orders with breeders, holding training for new workers, implementing sanctions related to employee discipline and considering apply overtime hours to reach production targets.

scholarly journals Measuring Productivity Change in U.S. Agriculture

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao-Chi Lu
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Change ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Index Numbers ◽  
Increase Productivity

To understand the sources of change in productivity, that appropriate public policy and programs can be developed to increase productivity growth, a reliable and updated measure is needed. The term “productivity” discussed here refers to total factor productivity, or the ratio of value of total agricultural output to that of all inputs used in agricultural production.The first comprehensive work on the measurement of productivity change in U.S. agriculture was done by Loomis and Barton in 1961. Since then, this index has been updated annually as an offical USDA agricultural productivity index. The weakness of using index numbers lies in the arithmetic formula used. It implies a specific functional form of the production function that may not accurately describe the data. Thus, a need arises to consider an alternative estimate of productivity.

scholarly journals Kemandirian Petani Dalam Mengadopsi Varietas Benih Unggul Padi IPB 3S Di Gampong, Meunasah Pulo, Sawang, Aceh Utara

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Kiki Andriyan ◽  
Elly Susanti ◽  
Agussabti Agusssabti
Keyword(s):  
Group Decision ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Rice Seeds

Abstrak. Salah satu sasaran strategi pemberdayaan petani adalah penguatan kemandirian dalam proses pengambilan keputusan-keputusan yang berkaitan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan kesejahteraanya. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi tingkat kemandirian petani di Gampong Meunasah Pulo, Sawang, Aceh Utara terhadap adopsi varietas benih unggul padi IPB 3S dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas petani memiliki tingkat kemandirian yang tinggi baik secara emosional maupun rasional. Karakteristik dari benih unggulan baru yang diperkenalkan memiliki hubungan yang relatif kuat dan korelasi positif dengan tingkat kemandirian terutama dari sisi kesesuaian, keuntungan relatif, kemudahan dalam pengamatan dan tingkat kerumitannya. Disisi lain, keputusan individual memiliki hubungan dan korelasi yang positif terhadap kemandirian petani daripada keputusan kelompok dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Sedangkan luas lahan, umur dan pengalaman petani tidak memiliki hubungan dan korelasi yang negatif terhadap tingkat kemandirian petani. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa petani dalam hal mengadopsi benih unggul varietas IPB 3S di wilayah ini telah memiliki pilihan-pilihan yang tepat baik secara emosional maupun rasional untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan kesejahteraan hidupnya.Farmer’s Autonomy In Adopting A New Variety Of High-Yielding Rice Seeds IPB 3S At Gampong Meunasah Pulo, Sawang, Aceh UtaraAbstract. Farmer empowerment intervention addresses to strengthen the ability and autonomy on the process of decision making to improve productivity and their well-being. This paper aims to indentify the level of farmer’s autonomy and its contributing factors at Gampong Meunasah Pulo, Sawang, Aceh Utara. The finding of study shows that level of farmer’s autonomy towards adoption of new variety of high-yielding rice seeds IPB 3S is high both emotional and rational aspect. The characteristics of the new seeds introduced has strong and positive correlation to the level of autonomy, in terms of compatibility, relative advantage, observability and complexity. On the other hands, individual decision also positively correlates to the level of autonomy rather than group decision. While the land area, age and experience of farmer haven’t relationship and negative correlation towards farmer’s autonomy level. In this sense, the study shows that the farmer in this area has the capacity and capability to identify, to analyse, and to make choices and decision in adopting new introduced high-yielding rice seeds IPB 3S, from both emotional and rational aspects, to increase productivity and farmer’ well-being.

scholarly journals Analisis Produktifitas Menggunakan Metode ObjectiveMatrix (OMAX) (Studi Kasus: PT. Moradon Berlian Sakti)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
Prima Fithri ◽  
Indra Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Spare Part ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Productivity System ◽  
Productivity Assessment

PT. Moradon Berlian Sakti is Die Casting manufacturer of Honda motorcycle spare parts and other types of products, such as chair. Along with the rapid advancement of technology, PT. Moradon Berlian Sakti always strive to maintain and improve its existence. One of important factor that need to be noticed is the productivity issue. Productivity assessment can be conducted based on the comparison of company input and output in terms of materials, capital, labor and energy. After learning the level or productivity index, company leader can identify which condition has productivity shrinkage and make decision to increase productivity company based on those condition. Based on the calculations, the levels of productivity index in 2012, was virtually uniform from January to December. But in October the productivity is high and reach the level 94.33%. That is because that performance indicators are in accordance with expectation of company leader. While in December productivity dramatically decreased to 4.67%, it is because less supervision and control from the company.Key Words: Performance indicators, productivity, system evaluationAbstrakPT. Moradon Berlian Sakti merupakan salah satu industri manufaktur yang bergerak di bidang Die Casting dalam membuat spare part sepeda motor Honda, dan beberapa jenis produk lainnya, seperti kursi. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman dan majunya teknologi pada saat ini PT. Moradon Berlian Sakti selalu berusaha untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan keeksistensiannya dalam dunia industri. Salah satu faktor penting yang perlu diperhatikannya adalah masalah produktifitas. Penilaian produktifitas dapat dilihat dari perbandingan nilai input dan output perusahaan, baik dari segi material, modal, tenaga kerja dan energy yang digunakan. Setelah mengetahui tingkat atau indeks produktifitas dari perusahaan itu sendiri, maka pimpinan perusahaan akan mencoba mengevaluasi kondisi-kondisi yang dimana disana terjadi penyusutan produktifitas, sehingga hal tersebut akan mampu meningkatkan produktifitas perusahaan di masa yang akan datang. Berdasarkan perhitungan yang telah dilakukan, maka didapatkan bahwa tingkat indeks produktifitas pada tahun 2012, hampir bisa dikatakan merata mulai dari bulan Januari sampai Desember. Tetapi pada bulan Oktober produktifitas yang dihasilkan tinggi yaitu 94,33%. Hal tersebut dikarenakan bahwa indikator-indikator performansi yang ada pada bulan tersebut sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan pimpinan perusahaan. Sedangkan pada bulan Desember mengalami penurunan drastis yaitu menjadi 4,67%, hal tersebut disebabkan karena tingkat pengawasan dan pengontrolan yang kurang dari pihak perusahaan.Kata Kunci: Indikator performansi, produktivitas, evaluasi sistem

Mine Safety, Productivity and Job Design

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-477
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Whitaker ◽  
Carol F. Shoptaugh
Keyword(s):  
Safety Information ◽  
Job Design ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Save Energy

Modern surface mine safety and productivity data were summarized as part of the Bureau of Mines Industrial Hazards/Human Factors program. Safety Information was obtained through mine site visits (observations and interviews), national actuarial statistics, tables, and MSHA accident reports. The examination of 148 accidents showed three specific contributing factors. First, mining is a rugged industry in which the environment is unstable and unpredictable. This unpredictability contributes to both accident incidence and severity. Second, large vehicles (120 ton haulpacks) move, fully loaded among small vehicles and people. This mismatch in size makes a collision a very severe accident. Finally, job design was found to be a contributing factor in accidents. Sixty-seven percent of the sampled accidents involved the misuse of a tool or procedure. These are not random errors, but reflect short cuts the workers take to save energy and increase productivity. It was proposed that correct job procedures would not be followed if the more efficient shortcuts were available. Consequently, the next step in this program is to develop modified job procedures for a few selected tasks. These procedures would be redesigned to improve efficiency and avoid the safety hazards found in the workers' make shift shortcuts. This approach changes the focus from emphasizing safety to emphasizing productivity through the design of safe and efficient job procedures.

The Tax Man Cometh - but is he Efficient?

2006 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 106-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn R Førsund ◽  
Sverre A.C. Kittelsen ◽  
Fode Lindseth ◽  
Dag Fjeld Edvaedsen
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Cost Increase ◽  
Bootstrap Approach ◽  
Dea Models ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Future Work

The performance of local tax offices of Norway is studied over a three-year period applying Data Envelopment Efficiency analysis and a Malmquist productivity index. The estimates are bias-corrected using a bootstrap approach recently developed for DEA models. The results show that bias correction and the construction of confidence intervals give a quite different picture without bootstrapping. A set of best practice offices is identified for future work on finding explanations for good performance. The productivity development of individual offices is classified into the four categories: productivity improving cost increase, productivity improving cost savings, productivity decreasing cost savings and productivity decreasing cost increase.

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