Nota. Composición nutritiva de la biomasa de la microalga Porphyridium cruentum / Note. Nutrient composition of the biomass of the microalga Porphyridium cruentum

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
M.M. Rebolloso Fuentes ◽  
F.G Acién Femández ◽  
J.A. Sánchez Pérez ◽  
M.D. Gil García ◽  
J.L.Guil Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Porphyridium Cruentum ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tubular Photobioreactor ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Red Microalga

Nutritional composition of biomass of several stationary phases of the red microalga Porphyridium cruentum cultured in an external tubular photobioreactor is analyzed. The proximate composition (moisture, ash, protein, available carbohydrates, fiber, ARN, lipids and energy), mineral elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Mn, Co, S), C/N ratio and fatty acids were determined. The mean values of different biomass analyses indicated high proportions of available carbohydrates (33.2 g/ 100 g d.w.) and protein (34.4 g/100 g d.w.). Mineral elements content was high, especially Ca (1248 mg/100 g), K (1219 mg/100 g), Na (1170 mg/100 g), Mg (63.0 mg/100g) and Zn (37.4 mg/100 g). The composition of fatty acids expressed as mg/100 g (dry biomass) was: C16:0 1.73; C18:2 w6 0.51; C20:4 m6 1.92; C20:5 0)3 1.68. Principal components analyses showed a group of variables formed by lipids, ash, Fe, Ca and Zn; and another group formed by available carbohydrates, external irradiance and C/N ratio. According to these, Porphyridium cruelltllm biomass could be used for nutritional purposes, due to the amount and diversity of nutrients computed and the absence of toxic factors.

scholarly journals Butyrate Permeation across the Isolated Ovine Reticulum Epithelium

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2198
Author(s):  
Reiko Rackwitz ◽  
Franziska Dengler ◽  
Gotthold Gäbel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporters ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ussing Chambers ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
The Mean

We hypothesized that, due to the high pH of this compartment, the reticulum epithelium displays particular features in the transport of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Ovine reticulum epithelium was incubated in Ussing chambers using a bicarbonate-free buffer solution containing butyrate (20 mmol L−1). p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid (pHMB), 5-(N-Ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA), or ouabain were added to the buffer solution as inhibitors of monocarboxylate transporters, sodium-proton-exchangers, or the Na+/K+-ATPase, respectively. The short-circuit current (Isc) and transepithelial conductance (Gt) were monitored continuously while the flux rates of 14C-labelled butyrate were measured in the mucosal-to-serosal (Jmsbut) or serosal-to-mucosal direction (Jsmbut). Under control conditions, the mean values of Isc and Gt amounted to 2.54 ± 0.46 µEq cm−2 h−1 and 6.02 ± 3.3 mS cm−2, respectively. Jmsbut was 2.1 ± 1.01 µmol cm−2 h−1 on average and about twice as high as Jsmbut. Incubation with ouabain reduced Jmsbut, while Jsmbut was not affected. The serosal addition of EIPA did not affect Jmsbut but reduced Jsmbut by about 10%. The addition of pHMB to the mucosal or serosal solution reduced Jmsbut but had no effect on Jsmbut. Mucosally applied pHMB provoked a transient increase in the Isc. The serosal pHMB sharply reduced Isc. Our results demonstrate that butyrate can be effectively transported across the reticulum epithelium. The mechanisms involved in this absorption differ from those known from the rumen epithelium.

scholarly journals Utilization of volatile fatty acids and glucose for protein deposition in lambs

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Eskelandt ◽  
W. H. Pfander ◽  
R. L. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Butyrate Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Infusion

1. Glucose, and acetic, propionic and butyric acids, the major energy sources available to ruminants, have been comparatively evaluated as energy sources for growth in lambs. The energy sources were administered intravenously at 2·092 and 2·510 MJ metabolizable energy per 24 h for periods of 9–12 d. Nitrogen was given in excess of requirement so that growth rate was limited by energy, as indicated by the increased N retention after intravenous administration of energy.2. The N-balance results from the trials showed that propionic acid promoted a significantly (P < 0·01) higher N retention than acetic acid. In some of the experiments there were no significant differences between propionic and butyric acids, and in others, no significant differences between acetic and butyric acids. Compared with isoenergetic glucose infusion, all volatile fatty acids were less efficiently utilized than glucose. The mean values for N balance (g/d) were 2·31 during control infusion, 6·53, 5·71, 5·48 and 4·59 during glucose, propionate, butyrate and acetate infusions, respectively.3. All energy sources reduced the faecal N excretion significantly. The greatest reduction was observed during butyrate treatment. The mean values for faecal N excretion (g/d) were 4·24 for control, 4·00 for acetate, 3·89 for propionate, 3·83 for glucose, and 3·76 for butyrate infusion. The reduced faecal N excretion after butyrate infusion partly accounts for the increased N retention with that treatment.

scholarly journals Flow of nitrogen from the rumen and abomasum in cattle and sheep given protein-free nutrients by intragastric infusion

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskow ◽  
N. A. MacLeod ◽  
D. J. Kyle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

1. Three experiments were conducted to determine the flow of nitrogen through the rumen and abomasum when cows, steers and lambs were totally nourished on volatile fatty acids infused into the rumen.2. In two dairy cows (650–700 kg) and two large steers (370–405 kg) the daily flow of non-ammonia-N (NAN) from the rumen was 50.7 and 58 mg/kg live weight (W)0.75respectively.3. The flows of NAN through the rumen and abomasum in four young steers (240 315 kg) were 85.0 (SE 21.0) and 195 (SE 7.0) mg/kg W0.75respectively.4. In the third experiment the effects of altering rumen pH and osmotic pressure on flow of NAN through the rumen and abomasum were investigated in lambs. While rumen pH and osmotic pressure influenced rumen volume and outflow they had no significant effect on NAN flow. The mean values for NAN outflow from the rumen and abomasum were 76 and 181 mg N/kg W0.75respectively.5. Abomasal NAN flow increased with increasing abomasal pH. When osmotic pressure was greater than about 330 mosmol/l in the rumen there was a net inflow of water, while below this value there was net loss of water.6. For all experiments the flow of N both from the rumen and abomasum was highly variable; this has to be considered if a constant value is used for endogenous N in estimating dietary N in the abomasum.7. With N-free infusion the rumen NHaconcentration varied from 50 to 120 mg NHa-N/I.8. The amino acid composition of rumen and abomasal N was also determined. Relative to tissue Nit contained a higher proportion of cysteine.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability and Heritability Estimates of Nutritional Composition in the Leaves of Selected Cowpea Genotypes [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1435-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abe Shegro Gerrano ◽  
Patrick Olusanmi Adebola ◽  
Willem Sternberg Jansen van Rensburg ◽  
Sonja Louise Venter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Cowpea is indigenous to the African continent and is grown for its leaves and grain in different countries of the world. The objective of this study was to determine the variability and heritability of mineral and crude protein contents in the leaves of selected cowpea genotypes grown in South Africa. The trials consisted of twenty five cowpea genotypes evaluated for two cropping seasons. The combined mean values showed wide genetic variation in the mineral elements evaluated. The mean values of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn) varied from 2.23 to 3.69 mg·kg−1; 6.96 to 14.15 mg·kg−1; 311.30 to 1049.95 mg·kg−1; 1.13 to 1.74 mg·kg−1; 0.36 to 0.70 mg·kg−1; 130.08 to 186.42 mg·kg−1; 126.62 to 307.87 mg·kg−1; 0.27 to 0.39 mg·kg−1; and 27.76 to 43.55 mg·kg−1, respectively. The total protein content varied from 21.39% to 33.45%. The correlation analysis revealed significant degree of association between and among mineral elements and total protein content. Biometrical analysis revealed that the phenotypic variances were higher than the genotypic variances. High values of heritability estimates were also recorded for most of the evaluated traits. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first three principal components contributed 71.93% of total variation among the genotypes. The study revealed that there is an ample genetic variability that can be exploited for use in breeding for nutritional quality in cowpea leaves.

scholarly journals Nutritional composition analysis of seaweed Sargassum crassifolium J. Agardh.

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
TRI HANDAYANI ◽  
SUTARNO SUTARNO ◽  
AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Composition Analysis

The aims of the research were to find out nutritional composition of seaweed Sargassum crassifolium J. Agardh i. e. concentration of protein, amino acids, mineral (ash), mineral elements (Ca, Fe, and P), vitamin C, vitamin A, lipid, fatty acids and alginates. S. crassifolium is a species of brown seaweed that is consumed as source of food, however, it have not optimally used due to the nutritional composition information does not complete yet. The measurement of protein concentration was done according to Lowry method, while amino acids concentration was measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Mineral (ash) was measured by dry ash processing, and mineral elements of Ca, Fe, and P were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Vitamin C concentration was measured by titration method, while vitamin A was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Lipid was measured by extraction method using soxhlet, fatty acids by fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) method, and alginates were measured by extraction method. The results indicate that the thallus of S. crassifolium contain protein in the average of 5.19% (w/w), and 17 amino acids (in Î¼mol amino acid/g wet weight) varies from 13.77 of glutamic acid to 0.83 for hydroxilicine concentration. Mineral/ash content was 36.93% (w/w), Ca: 1540.66 mg/100 g, Fe: 132.65 mg/100 g, P: 474.03 mg/100 g, vitamin C: 49.01 mg/100 g, vitamin A: 489.11 μg RE/100 g, lipid: 1.63% (w/w), fatty acids concentrations were: 1.45%, 3.53%, 29.49%, 4.10%, 13.78%, 33.58%, 5.94% for lauric acid, meristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid subsequently. The concentration of alginates was 37.91% (w/w).

Liver Coenzyme a Ester Content: Comparison between Reye's Syndrome and Control Subjects

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen S. Kang ◽  
Mary T. Capaci ◽  
David N. Korones ◽  
Nilima Tekade
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Reye's Syndrome ◽  
Postmortem Change ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Samples

1. The concentrations of the acid soluble and insoluble coenzyme A (CoA) esters were measured in samples of liver obtained at autopsy from Reye's syndrome and control subjects because the long chain fatty CoA compounds which make up the bulk of the acid insoluble CoA esters are known to inhibit a number of mitochondrially located enzymes, several of which may be affected in Reye's syndrome. 2. Concentrations of the acid insoluble esters varied widely in both control and Reye's liver samples. The difference between the mean values was not statistically significant (1·06 ± sem 0·33 nmol/g wet weight in Reye's samples vs 0·88 ± 0·21 in control samples). 3. Concentrations of the acid soluble CoA esters, which include the short chain fatty CoA compounds, were higher in Reye's liver samples than in samples from controls. The mean value for Reye's samples was 104·8 ± sem 29·4 nmol/g of liver compared with 26·4 ± 10·1 nmol/g for control samples (P < 0·05). 4. Studies with rats designed to assess postmortem change indicate that the liver concentration of the acid insoluble CoA compounds does not change during a 4 h period at 4°C. This finding suggests that the observations made in Reye's liver was probably due to a premorbid abnormality. 5. These findings implicate a block in the β-oxidation of fatty acids and could account for the reported relative increase in the concentrations of the short to medium chain fatty acids in the plasma of Reye's syndrome patients.

scholarly journals Fatty acids profile and nutritional composition of two tropical diatoms from the Costa Rican Pacific Coast

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rodríguez-Núñez ◽  
P. Toledo-Agüero
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Gulf Of Nicoya

Microalgae represent an important nutritional source for diverse organisms, therefore, their nutritional value, and more specifically, total lipid and fatty acid contents, must be considered. This study evaluated the nutritional contents and potential growth under controlled conditions of Nitzschia sp. and Chaetoceros sp. Tropical microalgae, isolated from the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. In both strains, the nutritional composition and the fatty acid profile were evaluated in exponential and stationary phases. With regards to fatty acids, v sp. had more Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) in both the exponential (32.80%) and stationary (27.20%) phases. The results in growth rate, production and biochemical composition indicated two tropical microalgae strains suitable for cultivation under controlled conditions. The studies of the phytoplankton in this geographical area is highly relevant because of its importance in the primary production of nutrients and the importance of finding sources of fatty acids such as the EPA.

scholarly journals Nutritive composition and essential elements evaluation of some leafy vegetables grown in Gubi Fadama Land, Bauchi, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
M M Yunus ◽  
L Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Form Part ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nutritive Composition

Proximate analysis and some essential elements content of four leafy vegetable species namely: Brassica oleracea, Spinacia oleracea, Lactuca sativa and Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves were determined using standard analytical methods. These vegetables were widely consumed as food across Northeastern Nigeria. It is imperative to ascertain their nutritive values as they now form part of human diet for people in the area. Some of the results of the mean values ranged such as ash (2.33±0.75–6.03±1.23%), moisture (23.60±0.76–30.90±0.34%), lipid (0.45±0.00– 4.73±0.21%) and protein (2.62±0.10–3.38±0.013%). The mineral elements values ranged like potassium (145.47±4.50– 35.60±2.45mg/100g), sodium (74.97± 0.20– 389.85 ±0.02 mg/100g), calcium (9.87±0.13 –14.55  ±0.94mg/100g) iron (1.30±0.05–2.17±0.15 mg/100g), magnesium (0.030±0.00–0.047± 0.01mg/100g and manganese (0.004±0.00–0.015±0.00 mg/100g). The work suggested that the leaves investigated contained appreciable amounts of nutrients. Their consumption could augment the unavailable or rarely available nutrients in human body. Comparatively, they are good sources of K, Na, Ca and Fe, as well as fiber, moisture, and carbohydrates on the dietary menu recommendation. All the studied leaves have low lipid and protein content as well as copper, magnesium, and manganese.

scholarly journals Changes in fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of goat colostrum

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1201-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Zaharia ◽  
R. Salamon ◽  
C. Pascal ◽  
S. Salamon ◽  
R. Zaharia
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this paper is to detect any changes in fatty acid and cholesterol content of goat colostrum in the period of 0-72 hours after kidding. For that purpose, samples of colostrum from 16 goats, belonging to local populations in north-eastern Romania where collected. Samples were preserved by freezing and then subjected to chemical analysis. Preparation of solutions for fatty acids analysis was based on the principle of methylation, by combining alkaline methylation (NaOCH3/MeOH) with acid (BF3/MeOH). For cholesterol we used the principle of fat saponification, using potassium hydroxide, followed by filtration and separation of cholesterol with hexane. Detection of cholesterol and fatty acids content was performed by gas chromatography device. Caprinic acid (C10:0), myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16: 0), stearic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) quantified more than 75% of the total fatty acids determined 72 hours after birth. Among short-medium-chain fatty acids, capronic acid (C6:0) was found in highest proportion (average concentration of 5.7% of total fatty acids), but at the same time, presented the most obvious oscillation range from 0 to 72 hours (6.56% at birth, 2.45% and 7.59% from 12 hours to 72 hours), with the differences between mean values being significant (p<0.05). In the case of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the ratio between omega 3 and omega 6 was 1/4.64 at kidding and 1/4.23 at 72 hours after birth, the differences being insignificant. In goat colostrum, the mean concentration of cholesterol was 9.43 mg per 100 g.

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

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