Symptoms of Postpartum Depression Associated With Elevated Levels of Interleukin-1 Beta During the First Month Postpartum

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Corwin ◽  
Nancy Johnston ◽  
Linda Pugh
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta ◽  
Psychosocial Risks ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a devastating disorder that may carry lifetime consequences. Although several psychosocial risks for PPD have been identified, biological contributors are unclear. Elevated inflammatory cytokines contribute to depression in nonpregnant, nonpostpartum populations; yet, their role in PPD has been minimally studied. The objective of this study is to determine whether inflammatory cytokines early in the postpartum period contribute to the development of PPD. Women were recruited within 24 hr of delivery, and 26 provided urine for analysis of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on postpartum days 7, 14, and 28. Participants completed a depression symptom survey (Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CES-D) on Day 28. An increase in IL-1β was seen on Day 14 in women with symptoms of depression (CES-D ! 11) on Day 28 compared to levels in women without depressive symptoms (F = 4.50, p = .045). These preliminary findings suggest elevated IL-1β early in the postpartum period may increase the risk of PPD. Further studies involving a larger sample of women, including those clinically diagnosed with PPD, are required.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers and relationship with depression risk Annelerin emzirme öz-yeterliliği ve depresyon riski ile ilişkisi

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 3160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeşim Aslan ◽  
Emel Ege
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Consulting Services ◽  
Depression Risk ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Living Children

A mother primarily should have her own physical and mental health in order to take care a baby in a healthy manner and to breastfeed for long-term. It has been stated that the stress experienced during pregnancy and failing to start providing proper breastfeeding in the postpartum period can affect both providing effective breastfeeding and development of postpartum depression. This study was designed to determine the breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers and relationship with depression risk. This is a descriptive study was carried out on 265 postpartum women. In collecting the data in the research, a questionnaire prepared using the literature and similar researches made, Postpartum Depression Scale and Breastfeeding-Self Efficacy Scale were used. Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis and spearman correlation analysis were used to assess the data. It was determined that the mothers participating in the study received average 58.92 ± 7.61 points from Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale, and  9.58 ± 5.10 points from EPDS.  It was established that the breastfeeding self-efficacy level of the mothers in the postpartum 4-6 week was above average, and one third of the mothers (31.7%) was found to be at risk in terms of depression. It was determined in the study that the variables such as the age of mothers, duration of marriage, pregnancy, childbirth and the number of living children, problems experienced at birth, being satisfied with the baby gender, initial breastfeeding time, regular breastfeeding status and feeling self-sufficient for breastfeeding affected the breastfeeding self-efficacy (p <0.05) and there was no association between the breastfeeding self-sufficiency level and the symptoms of depression (p> 0.05). In line with these results, identifying physical, psychological and social health risks in the early stages from the gestation period, initiating and maintaining breastfeeding can help control the postnatal symptoms of depression. Therefore, empowering the consulting services of health professionals during pregnancy and the postpartum period can be suggested. ÖzetAnnenin bebeğine sağlıklı bir şekilde bakabilmesi ve uzun dönem emzirebilmesi için öncelikle kendi beden ve ruh sağlığının yerinde olması gerekir. Gebelik döneminde yaşanan stres ve doğum sonu dönemde de emzirmenin uygun şekilde başlatılamamasının hem etkili emzirmenin sağlanması hem de doğum sonu depresyon gelişimini etkileyebileceği belirtilmektedir. Bu çalışma annelerin emzirme öz-yeterliliği ve depresyon riski ile ilişkisini incelemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı olarak planlanan çalışmaya doğum sonu 265 kadın dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada verilerin toplanmasında; literatür bilgilerden ve yapılan benzer nitelikteki araştırmalardan yararlanılarak hazırlanan bir anket formu, Doğum Sonu Depresyon Ölçeği ve Emzirme-Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde Mann Withney U Testi, Kruskal Wallis ve spearmankorelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan annelerin Emzirme Öz-yeterlilik ölçeğinden ortalama 58,92±7,61, EDDÖ’den ise 9,58±5,10 puan aldığı saptanmıştır. Doğum sonu 4-6 haftalık dönemde annelerin emzirme öz-yeterlilik düzeyinin ortalamanın üzerinde olduğu ve annelerin üçte birinin (%31.7) depresyon açısından risk altında olduğu bulunmuştur. Çalışmada annelerin yaş, evlilik süresi, gebelik, doğum ve yaşayan çocuk sayısı, doğumda sorun yaşama durumu, bebek cinsiyetinden memnun olma, ilk emzirme zamanı, düzenli emzirme durumu ve emzirme konusunda kendini yeterli hissetme durumu gibi değişkenlerin emzirme öz yeterliliğini etkilediği (p<0,05)  ve emzirme öz yeterlilik düzeyi ile depresyon semptomları arasında bir ilişki olmadığı belirlenmiştir(p>0,05). Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda, gebelik döneminden itibaren fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal sağlık risklerinin erken dönemde belirlenmesi, emzirmenin başlatılması ve sürdürülmesi ile doğum sonu depresyon semptomlarının kontrolüne yardımcı olabilir. Bu nedenle sağlık profesyonellerinin gebelik ve doğum sonu dönemde danışmanlık hizmetlerinin güçlendirilmesi önerilebilir.

scholarly journals Faktor Prediktor Terjadinya Depresi Postpartum di Rumah Sakit Panti Rapih Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Agnes Mahayanti ◽  
Intansari Nurjannah ◽  
Widyawati
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postpartum Blues

Background: The postpartum period was a physical and psychological adaptation process. Psychological disturbances could present in form of postpartum blues, postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis. Objective: The objective of this research was to determine the incidence of postpartum depression, identify predictors of postpartum depression and identify the dominant predictors of postpartum depression. Methods: this research used a cross sectional design. Sample were pregnant women which were chosen by random sampling technique. Data was collected with questionnaire to measure the predictors of postpartum depression was carried out with the Revision Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory (PDPI) questionnaire and to measure depression scores used with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Data analysis was done by univariate and bivariate analysis with with chi-square statistical tests and multivariate with logistic regression tests. Results: The results showed that the significant predictors were economic status, self-esteem, marital satisfaction, postpartum blues, and prenatal depression. The dominant predictor factor is satisfaction in marriage with a t value of 2.778 times. Conclusion: The results of the study show that marital satisfaction is a dominant predictor of postpartum depression, indicating that marital satisfaction or relationship quality is one of the important support systems because of the need for partner involvement in care actions during the pregnancy period until with the puerperium as efforts to prevent postpartum depression.     Keywords: postpartum depression, postpartum period, postpartum bues

Coping Strategies That Mitigate Against Symptoms of Depression Among Latino Farmworkers

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel R. Terrazas ◽  
Adam McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Labor Policies ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Latino Farmworkers ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Female Farmworkers

Latino farmworkers have a higher rate of depression when compared with other Latinos and the general adult population in the United States. Researchers have suggested oppressive labor policies, acculturation stressor, anti-immigrant polices and attitudes, and the dangers associated to farm work as culprits to high rates of depression among farmworkers. We examined the traits farmworkers reported that helped them mitigate symptoms of depression. Our sample consisted of 64 adult male and female farmworkers who lived in western Texas and worked in Eastern New Mexico. We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R) and self-reports of symptoms of depression to assess for depression. We found that, among this sample, the rates of depression were similar to other studies and that farmworkers used cognitive restructuring strategies to mitigate symptoms of depression.

Implications of violence experience in postpartum depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Fraga ◽  
F Marabotti ◽  
Costa Leite ◽  
R de Cássia ◽  
Duarte Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The violence against women is an exacerbating factor in public health that affects a third of the world's female population, and the intimate partner is the main perpetrator. Researches show the impact of violence in the victims' health, such as: postpartum depression (PPD). In this context, considering the importance and magnitude of the experience of violence and its impact on health, as well as depression negatively impacted on the health of the mother and baby, justify it to carry out this study. Objective To identify the prevalence of symptoms of PPD among puerperal women and to examine the association with violence experience. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, performed with 330 puerperal women admitted to a municipal maternity hospital in Cariacica - State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Data collection was conducted by duly trained interviewers, using a form containing data on socioeconomic, behavioral and clinical characterization. In order to track violence acts, in life and in pregnancy, practiced by the intimate partner, we applied the World Health Organization instrument, which enables the identification of psychological, physical and sexual violence acts. The identification of the outcome under study, postpartum depression, was obtained by means of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The data collected were analyzed through the Stata 13.0 program, where the following tests were performed: Pearson chi-squared test and Poisson regression. Results a rate of 36.7% of participants (95% CI: 31.6-42.0) showed symptoms of postpartum depression. Women who experienced violence from their partners throughout their lives had 1.9 times more prevalence of symptoms of depression. Those who experienced aggression during pregnancy showed an increase of 38.0% of this illness (p = 0.037). Conclusions The data presented reveal the high prevalence of women with symptoms of PPD and that violence experience was associated with higher frequencies of this event. Key messages Women who experienced violence from their partners throughout their lives had 1.9 times more prevalence of symptoms of depression. The data presented reveal the high prevalence of women with symptoms of postpartum depression and that violence experience was associated with higher frequencies of this event.

scholarly journals Pregnancy, perinatal and postpartum complications as determinants of postpartum depression: the Rhea mother–child cohort in Crete, Greece

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Koutra ◽  
M. Vassilaki ◽  
V. Georgiou ◽  
A. Koutis ◽  
P. Bitsios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Maternal Mood ◽  
Early Postpartum Period ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinical Records

Aims.Few epidemiological studies evaluated associations between perinatal complications and maternal mood at the early postpartum period and the findings are inconsistent. We aimed at investigating a wide range of complications during pregnancy, at delivery, and at the early postpartum period as determinants of postpartum depression (PPD) at 8 weeks postpartum.Methods.A total of 1037 women who enrolled in the Rhea mother–child cohort in Crete, Greece participated in the present study. Information on pregnancy, perinatal and postpartum complications was obtained from clinical records or by questionnaires. Postpartum depressive symptoms were assessed at 8 weeks postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were fit to estimate the association between pregnancy, perinatal and postpartum complications and maternal depressive symptoms, adjusting also for potential confounders.Results.The prevalence of women with probable depression (EPDS score ≥ 13) was 13.6% at 8 weeks postpartum. Gestational hypertension and/or preeclampsia (β coefficient 1.86, 95% CI: 0.32, 3.41) and breastfeeding difficulties (β coefficient 0.77, 95% CI: 0.02, 1.53) were significantly associated with higher PPD symptoms. Sleep patterns during pregnancy, such as sleep deprivation (OR = 3.57, 95% CI: 1.91, 6.67) and snoring (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.93), and breastfeeding duration less than 2 months (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.64) were significantly associated with increase in the odds for PPD. Some other complications, such as unplanned pregnancy and hospitalisation during pregnancy were also associated with EPDS score, but these associations were explained by socio-demographic characteristics of the mother.Conclusions.We found that several pregnancy, perinatal and postpartum complications may have an adverse effect on maternal mood at the early postpartum period. These findings have considerable implications for developing effective prevention and early psychoeducational intervention strategies for women at risk of developing PPD.

Group Treatment for Postpartum Depression: A Pilot Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 852-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Meager ◽  
Jeannette Milgrom
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Post Natal Depression

Objective: There are few reports on the efficacy of treatment programs for women with postpartum depression, despite the long-term nature of this disorder. This study describes a pilot evaluation of a treatment program with educational, social support and cognitive-behavioural components. Method: Ten women with persistent depression originating in the postpartum period were offered a 10-week group treatment program and compared to a wait-list control group. Results: Following treatment, a significant improvement in depression was demonstrated on the Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Profile of Mood States. Several common factors in women suffering from postpartum depression were also identified, as were drop-out characteristics. Conclusion: These results are encouraging and suggest that a cognitive-behavioural group program might be effective as a treatment for depression in the postpartum period. However, further detailed studies are required to confirm this pilot study.

scholarly journals Postpartum Depression and its Associated Factors: A Community-based Study in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Anisha Chalise ◽  
Tulsi Ram Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Postpartum depression is a type of mental disorder associated with childbirth during pregnancy or within the first postpartum year. It is reported as a common psychological health problem affecting 10-15% of women worldwide. The duration of postpartum depression frequently depends on its severity and the time of initiation of treatment. This study assessed depression and its associated factors among postpartum period women of Godavari municipality, Lalitpur, Nepal.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale among 195 mothers who were within six months of the postpartum period. The chi-square and logistic regression were applied to establish the association between postpartum depression and associated factors. Results: Out of the total 195 postpartum women, 37(19%) women suffered from depression and out of those women 2.1% had suicidal thoughts. Among the associated factors, education, occupation, the intent of pregnancy, family support and pregnancy-related problems/complications were found to be significantly associated with Postpartum depression (p<0.05). Conclusions: Nearly one-fifth postpartum women suffered from some type of depression. It is one of the public health concerns which directly or indirectly corresponds to the socio-economic condition of the women. The improved education and economic status of women, intention of pregnancy, family care and support during pregnancy and the postpartum period and early diagnosis and management of health problems could reduce the magnitude of the postpartum depression. Keywords: Associated factors of postpartum depression; edinburg postpartum depression scale; Nepal; postpartum depression.

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