scholarly journals The Improving Conditions for the Aerobic Bacteria Performing the Degradation of Obsolete Pesticides in Polluted Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117862212098259
Author(s):  
Tinatin Doolotkeldieva ◽  
Saikal Bobusheva ◽  
Mahabat Konurbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Single Culture ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Obsolete Pesticides ◽  
Chemical Contents

Currently, in the territory of Kyrgyzstan, 50 storage facilities of obsolete pesticides exist; they store about 5000 tons of these hazardous chemicals. The storage conditions have become unusable for a long time. They pose a serious threat to the people living there, livestock, and the environment. The main purpose of this research was the use of selected bacteria with cytochrome P450 genes for the bioremediation of polluted soils around the burial sites in model soil experiments. In the first trial of biodegradation experiments, one contaminated soil was used without any changes in chemical contents, and in the second, the physical and chemical contents of the soil were improved to maintain the bioremediation conditions. The soils in both variants were treated 3 times (ie, once a month) with suspensions of a single culture or a blend of active bacteria (1 × 108 cells/mL) selected from in vitro biodegradation experiments. Two control units without the addition of the bacteria culture were also run. The quantification of targeted persistent organic pollutants (POPs) before and after biodegradation was performed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) coupled to a mass spectrometer. In 6 months, obsolete pesticides such as dieldrin, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, and 4-heptachlor-epox pure were able to degrade almost completely, up to 98% to 99.0%, by the blend of bacteria and the single culture of bacteria. Endrin aldehyde showed more resistance as the blend of bacteria was able to degrade it to 59.77%. To improve the aerobic degradation for elimination of pesticides from contaminated soils, it is necessary to create optimal agrotechnical and agrochemical conditions.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of diesel polluted soils with Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 920-928
Author(s):  
Saheed I. MUSA ◽  
Felix M. OKE ◽  
Charlotte C. NDIRIBE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Before And After

Diesel oil contamination is a growing environmental concern in most crude oil processing regions of the world. This study assessed the efficacy of both fresh and powdered Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) as potential biostimulants in the remediation of diesel oil contaminated soils using three test concentrations (50 g, 100 g and 150 g) and a control (0 g). The remediation process was monitored by assaying the total organic carbon (TOC), total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), and soil pH before and after amendment with the fresh and powdered E. crassipes for 90 days. The result showed increase in soil pH, TOC, TPH and volatile matter (VM) in comparison with the control due to soil contamination by diesel oil. However, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in soil pH and TOC with the introduction of fresh and powdered E. crassipes at different concentrations. Contaminated soil amended with 100 g of fresh E. crassipes showed the highest TOC loss (59.7%) alongside soil amended with 100 g of powdered E. crassipes (47.36%) while the control showed the least TOC loss (0.91%). Similarly, soil TPH decreased significantly across all concentrations after amendment (p < 0.05). Overall, soil amended with fresh E. crassipes showed higher TPH loss than soil amended with powdered E. crassipes. This study reveals the potentials of using E. crassipes in the remediation of diesel oil contaminated soils. Above all, we demonstrate that fresh E. crassipes is a potentially stronger biostimulant than powdered E. crassipes.

Cool Storage of Human Tissue Engineered Bone for Bone Regeneration Therapy

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 1005-1008
Author(s):  
N. Satoh ◽  
Takafumi Yoshikawa ◽  
Kazuhide Miyazaki ◽  
Hideki Shigematsu ◽  
Y. Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Cool Storage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Time Required

Availability, storage and transportation of engineered bone tissue fabricated in vitro are major practical problems associated with adequate use of bone replacement grafts for the treatment of bone diseases. The ability to maintain viable engineered bone tissue would facilitate future clinical applications. In the present study, we investigated time required for transportation of engineered bone removed from cool storage, from the culture room to the operating room; and examined effects of cool storage on survival of engineered bone tissue. Bone marrowcells were obtained from the iliac bone of a 60-year-old male affected with lumbar spondylosis, and then incubated in standard medium. After two weeks in primary culture, cultured cells were trypsinized, and a concentrated cell suspension was incubated with a porous beta-TCP block. After 3 weeks of subculture with the osteogenic medium containing dexamethasone etc., engineered bone tissue was collected, stored for 0, 6, 12, 24 hours at 4 °C, and was subcutaneously implanted into the back of nude mice. Six weeks after implantation, implants were harvested. Before and after implantation, significant activity could be detected in all animals. In in vitro and in vivo situations, osteogenic activity of engineered bone tissue could be maintained even after 24 hours. These results provided information on appropriate storage conditions for engineered bone tissue.

Tocopherol Fate in Plasma and Liver of Streptozotocin-Treated Rats that Orally Received Antioxidants and Spirulina Extracts

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
García-Martínez ◽  
Rupérez ◽  
Ugarte ◽  
Barbas
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Before And After

Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats constitute a model of oxidative stress, and vitamin E continues to be a topic of speculation in this area. On the other hand, marine extracts, particularly microalgae extracts obtained with environmentally clean technologies and which demonstrate antioxidant activity in vitro, are a potential source of in vivo antioxidant defense. We have studied the α-tocopherol content in the plasma and liver of diabetic rats after 7 and 14 days under the condition, and before and after the treatment with vitamin E and C, as well as with different Spirulina extracts, as compared with the corresponding controls. The improvement of analytical methodology related to the determination of α-tocopherol in the plasma and liver of rats was also considered. To do this, a method previously developed for plasma, employing a single extraction step, was adapted and validated for liver after minor modifications. Moreover, stability of α-tocopherol in plasma of diabetic and control animals was compared in different storage conditions. Results showed that diabetic plasma strongly influences stability of α-tocopherol, even at –20° C, but samples are stable for at least one year at –80° C. Finally, regarding supplementation, results indicate that supplementation with α-tocopherol increases stored α-tocopherol in liver, but not in plasma, but this availability is strongly dependent on the stage of diabetes of the animal. Extracts of Spirulina platensis, despite showing antioxidant activity in vitro, increased α-tocopherol concentration in neither plasma nor liver.

scholarly journals ARSENIC AND LEAD BIOACCESSIBILITIES MEASURED WITH A NOVEL REACTOR SYSTEM USING THE MEXICAN STANDARD AND PBET METHODS: COMPARISON WITH IN VIVO AND IN VITRO REPORTED DATA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thalía García-Rodríguez ◽  
Margarita Eugenia Gutiérrez-Ruiz ◽  
Agueda Elena Ceniceros-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Reactor System ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Extraction Test ◽  
Exposure Routes ◽  
Reported Data

Contaminated soils can become exposure routes of elements toxic to human beings. The health risk of a toxic element by ingestion depends on its bioavailability in the gastrointestinal system, measured in vivo or in vitro. This study aimed to use a novel, versatile reactor (gastrointestinal simulation reactor system to determine bioaccessibility -GSRSB-) to measure lead and arsenic bioaccessibility in the gastric and intestinal phases by applying a modified physiologically based extraction test (PBET). Three composite samples of polluted soils with As (0.50 - 3.25%) and Pb (0.02 - 0.10%) and the certified reference material NIST 2710 were analyzed with this GSRSB-PBET method and the NOM-147 Mexican standard method, which uses an end-over-end shaker. All results were compared to one another. The NIST 2710 results were contrasted with those reported in vivo and in vitro by 14 laboratories. The (GSRSB-PBET) gastric phase ranges were 35.9-55.1 % (As) and 59.6-96.1 % (Pb), while (NOM-147) gastric phases were 35.8-60.4 % (As) and 61.0-70.7 % (Pb). The (GSRSB-PBET) intestinal phase ranges were 39.5-46.9 % (As) and 19.9-31.5 % (Pb). The As and Pb compounds and the stirring technique seem to influence bioaccessibility. On the other hand, the comparison of NIST 2710 results with those reported in vitro and in vivo indicated that As and Pb gastric bioaccessibility obtained with GSRSB-PBET falls into the in vivo results range, while NOM-147 results are higher and fall outside the in vivo range, possibly overestimating the risk. Thus, the proposed method is adequate for modifying the current Mexican Standard Method (NOM-147), which only allows the calculation of Pb gastric bioavailability in vitro.

Electron microscopic study of the membrane glycoproteins in the rat kidney after cisplatin treatment

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 912-913
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Interstrand Cross Links ◽  
Cross Links

The proposed primary mechanism of action of the anticancer drug cisplatin (Cis-DDP) is through its interaction with DNA, mostly through DNA intrastrand cross-links or DNA interstrand cross-links. DNA repair mechanisms can circumvent this arrest thus permitting replication and transcription to proceed. Various membrane transport enzymes have also been demonstrated to be effected by cisplatin. Glycoprotein alkaline phosphatase was looked at in the proximal tubule cells before and after cisplatin both in vivo and in vitro for its inactivation or its removal from the membrane using light and electron microscopy.Outbred male Swiss Webster (Crl: (WI) BR) rats weighing 150-250g were given ip injections of cisplatin (7mg/kg). Animals were killed on day 3 and day 5. Thick slices (20-50.um) of kidney tissue from treated and untreated animals were fixed in 1% buffered glutaraldehyde and 1% formaldehyde (0.05 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.3) for 30 min at 4°C. Alkaline phosphatase activity and carbohydrates were demonstrated according to methods described earlier.

Structural integrity after cold storage of human epidermal model in hypothermosol: A correlative ultrastructural and fluorescent assay

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
Henry H. Eichelberger ◽  
John G. Baust ◽  
Robert G. Van Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Ruthenium Tetroxide ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Before And After

For research in cell differentiation and in vitro toxicology it is essential to provide a natural state of cell structure as a benchmark for interpreting results. Hypothermosol (Cryomedical Sciences, Rockville, MD) has proven useful in insuring the viability of synthetic human epidermis during cold-storage and in maintaining the epidermis’ ability to continue to differentiate following warming.Human epidermal equivalent, EpiDerm (MatTek Corporation, Ashland, MA) consisting of fully differentiated stratified human epidermal cells were grown on a microporous membrane. EpiDerm samples were fixed before and after cold-storage (4°C) for 5 days in Hypothermosol or skin culture media (MatTek Corporation) and allowed to recover for 7 days at 37°C. EpiDerm samples were fixed 1 hour in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2). A secondary fixation with 0.2% ruthenium tetroxide (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA) in sodium cacodylate was carried out for 3 hours at 4°C. Other samples were similarly fixed, but with 1% Osmium tetroxide in place of ruthenium tetroxide. Samples were dehydrated through a graded acetone series, infiltrated with Spurrs resin (Polysciences Inc.) and polymerized at 70°C.

Inhibitory effects of bioaccessible anthocyanins and procyanidins from apple, red grape, cinnamon on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pınar Ercan ◽  
Sedef Nehir El
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Red Grape

Abstract. The goals of this study were to determine and evaluate the bioaccessibility of total anthocyanin and procyanidin in apple (Amasya, Malus communis), red grape (Papazkarası, Vitis vinifera) and cinnamon (Cassia, Cinnamomum) using an in vitro static digestion system based on human gastrointestinal physiologically relevant conditions. Also, in vitro inhibitory effects of these foods on lipid (lipase) and carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) were performed with before and after digested samples using acarbose and methylumbelliferyl oleate (4MUO) as the positive control. While the highest total anthocyanin content was found in red grape (164 ± 2.51 mg/100 g), the highest procyanidin content was found in cinnamon (6432 ± 177.31 mg/100 g) (p < 0.05). The anthocyanin bioaccessibilities were found as 10.2 ± 1%, 8.23 ± 0.64%, and 8.73 ± 0.70% in apple, red grape, and cinnamon, respectively. The procyanidin bioaccessibilities of apple, red grape, and cinnamon were found as 17.57 ± 0.71%, 14.08 ± 0.74% and 18.75 ± 1.49%, respectively. The analyzed apple, red grape and cinnamon showed the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 544 ± 21.94, 445 ± 15.67, 1592 ± 17.58 μg/mL, respectively), α-amylase (IC50 38.4 ± 7.26, 56.1 ± 3.60, 3.54 ± 0.86 μg/mL, respectively), and lipase (IC50 52.7 ± 2.05, 581 ± 54.14, 49.6 ± 2.72 μg/mL), respectively. According to our results apple, red grape and cinnamon have potential to inhibit of lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase digestive enzymes.

Radiolabeled r-Hirudin as a Measure of Thrombin Activity at, or within, the Rabbit Aorta Wall In Vitro and In Vivo

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (04) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W C Hatton ◽  
Bonnie Ross-Ouellet
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Aorta ◽  
Balloon Injury ◽  
Recombinant Hirudin ◽  
Aorta Wall ◽  
Thrombin Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Matrix

SummaryThe behavior of 125I-labeled recombinant hirudin towards the uninjured and de-endothelialized rabbit aorta wall has been studied in vitro and in vivo to determine its usefulness as an indicator of thrombin activity associated with the aorta wall. Thrombin adsorbed to either sulfopropyl-Sephadex or heparin-Sepharose bound >95% of 125I-r-hirudin and the complex remained bound to the matrix. Binding of 125I-r-hirudin to the exposed aorta subendothelium (intima-media) in vitro was increased substantially if the tissue was pre-treated with thrombin; the quantity of l25I-r-hirudin bound to the de-endothelialized intima-media (i.e. balloon-injured in vitro) correlated positively with the quantity of bound 131I-thrombin (p <0.01). Aortas balloon-injured in vivo were measured for thrombin release from, and binding of 125I-r-hirudin to, the de-endothelialized intimal surface in vitro; 125I-r-hirudin binding correlated with the amount of active thrombin released (p <0.001). Uptake of 125I-r-hirudin by the aorta wall in vivo was proportional to the uptake of 131I-fibrinogen (as an indicator of thrombin activity) before and after balloon injury. After 30 min in the circulation, specific 125I-r-hirudin binding to the uninjured and de-endo- thelialized (at 1.5 h after injury) aorta wall was equivalent to 3.4 (± 2.5) and 25.6 (±18.1) fmol of thrombin/cm2 of intima-media, respectively. Possibly, only hirudin-accessible, glycosaminoglycan-bound thrombin is measured in this way.

DETERMINATION OF BLOOD CORTICOIDS USING THE IN VITRO RESIN UPTAKE OF 3H-PREDNISOLONE

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Nakajima ◽  
Mitsunori Murala ◽  
Masumitsu Nakata ◽  
Takeshi Naruse ◽  
Seiji Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Suppression Test

ABSTRACT The in vitro resin uptake of 3H-prednisolone was used for the determination of blood cortisol after addition of radioactive prednisolone followed by Amberlite CG 400 Type 1 to the test serum, and incubation of the mixture. The radioactivity of the supernatant was compared before and after the addition of the resin. The principle of this method is similar to that of the 131I-triiodothyronine resin uptake for the thyroid function test. The tests for the specificity, reproducibility and sensitivity gave satisfactory results. The mean basal value ± SD of the 3H-prednisolone resin uptake was 35.3 ± 9.2% in normal subjects, and 27.1 ± 4.8% in pregnant women. This method was valid in various adrenal function tests, i. e. the adrenal circadian rhythm, corticotrophin (ACTH) test, dexamethasone suppression test and the adrenal response to lysine-8-vasopressin. It proved to be a sensitive indicator of the adrenal function. These results suggest that this method should be useful for a routine adrenal function test.

In vitro Behaviour of Alumina-Hydroxiapatite Composites Coatings

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1416-1418
Author(s):  
Alexandru Szabo ◽  
Ilare Bordeasu ◽  
Ion Dragos Utu ◽  
Ion Mitelea
Keyword(s):  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Hvof Spraying ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sbf Solution ◽  
Oxygen Fuel

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a very common material used for biomedical applications. Usually, in order to improve its poor mechanical properties is combined or coated with other high-strength materials.The present paper reports the manufacturing and the biocompatibility behaviour of two different biocomposite coatings consisting of alumina (Al2O3) and hydroxyapatite (HA) using the high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying method which were deposited onto the surface of a commercially pure titanium substrate. The biological properties of the Al2O3-HA materials were evaluated by in vitro studies. The morphology of the coatings before and after their immersing in the simulated body fluid (SBF) solution was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed an important germination of the biologic hydroxyapatite crystallite on the surface of both coatings.

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