Australian Tourism Industry Policy: A New View

An economic rationale for Australian public sector involvement in the management of tourism can be established on two grounds. First, there are resource/environmental and public good issues contingent on the external costs associated with Australia's domestic and international tourism. Second, there are rent extraction and marketing issues stemming from Australia's destination uniqueness and the consequent existence of national market power in the provision of international tourism. Analysis of this joint rationale for policy activism suggests a form for appropriate policies and a functional separation in the organization and management of policy. While some of the present discussion is specific to Australia, the viewpoint developed here is relevant to any economy with a substantial tourism sector.

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SCIENTIFIC-APPLIED ASPECT OF MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Energy saving. Power engineering. Energy audit. ◽

10.20998/2313-8890.2021.01.03 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 23-35

Author(s):

Artem Mekhovych

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Economic Life ◽

International Tourism ◽

Applied Aspect ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

The World ◽

The Future ◽

The Impact ◽

Further Development

The article considers the main problems affecting the development of international tourism and predicts the further development of the situation. The growing tourist flow has contributed to the intensification of entrepreneurship in all sectors of the economy, capitalization of assets, job creation, economic and social growth. In 2019, the global tourism industry provided about 330 million jobs, equivalent to 10.3% of total employment. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented crisis in the tourism industry. The flow of tourists in the world has decreased by about 65%. In January-September 2020 alone, the number of international revenues decreased by 70%.This has resulted in the loss of $ 730 billion and more than 120 million jobs. It is noted that in modern conditions there are possible directions of development of inbound and domestic tourism, which are an important factor influencing the economy, but the weakening of external restrictions and lack of competitive service in the Ukrainian tourism industry will contribute to further development of international tourism. Those countries in which tourism occupies a significant share in GDP, are interested in attracting tourists as soon as possible and are ready to promptly implement all necessary anti-epidemic measures in the tourist infrastructure. For the Ukrainian government today, such a strategy is not a priority. Based on this, it is proved that the essence of the scientific and applied aspect of managing the development of international tourism is based on the theory of large business cycles and the theory of prediction. It was emphasized that the world crises ended sooner or later and a new round of development began. The task of mastering the forces of socio-economic life and subordinating them to the conscious, planned leadership of the state, as well as constructive and continuous social dialogue between the government and social partners, is the next practical transformation of today. The program of conscious organizational and regulatory steps should be knowledge, anticipation and action plan. When developing an anti-crisis plan to overcome the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector in Ukraine, it is necessary to take into account the recommendations of the Global Crisis Committee on Tourism, namely: crisis management and job preservation; support for self-employed workers; providing incentives and implementing appropriate state policy in the field of international tourism. In predicting the future development of the situation, more attention should be paid to the role of the tourism sector in the country's economy and the achievement of sustainable development goals; develop plans for preparedness for the challenges of the future and use this opportunity to move to sustainable development of tourism facilities.

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Anti-Competitive Practices In The Tourism Industry: The Case Of Small Economies

Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) ◽

10.19030/jber.v4i10.2702 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

Author(s):

A.E. Rodriguez ◽

James Murdy

Keyword(s):

Market Power ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Consumer Welfare ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Small Economies ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

Competition Laws ◽

Hotel Chains ◽

National Economies

Who benefits from the proliferation of ecolodges, beachfront resorts, safari parks, river cruises, forest forays and other similar and increasingly popular ventures popping up in developing economies across the world? Critics hold that multinational hotel chains, influential tour operators and foreign interests sometimes in association with powerful domestic groups often engage in anticompetitive practices at the expense of local communities, domestic workers and other stakeholders where the tourism activities take place. In this paper, we examine the possibility of market power abuses in the tourism industry in small economies or small national economies.  Many of these small economies have recently inaugurated antitrust enforcement agencies charged with curtailing market power abuses and other anticompetitive practices.  We also examine how effective these agencies are likely to be in challenging the powerful tourism industry. Succinctly, we conclude that monopsonistic practices may arise in the tourism sector of small economies. But we argue that domestic competition agencies are not suited to challenge monopsony for various reasons including a lack of political will.  We also analyze the plausible cartelization role of regional marketing boards.  Regional marketing boards are collaborative efforts by groups of countries.  Because it is entrusted with cross jurisdictional enforcement of competition laws, a “regional” agency with jurisdiction in several countries across a region may be more likely to successfully confront monopsony problems.  However, we conclude that a regional enforcement agency is equally unlikely to successfully challenged cross-border anticompetitive practices because it is not likely to challenge the impairment of consumer welfare of foreign nationals.

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STUDY OF RISKS IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET OF TOURIST SERVICES CAUSED BY THE PANDEMIC AND PLANNING OF MEASURES TO OVERCOME THE CRISIS BY INCREASING THE LEVEL OF PROFESSIONAL MOTIVATION OF STAFF

Business Navigator ◽

10.32847/business-navigator.65-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Оlena Voskresenska ◽

Anastasiia Hlynska ◽

Viktoria Shuklina

Keyword(s):

International Market ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

International Tourism ◽

Effective Work ◽

Economic Methods ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

Analysis Of Dynamics ◽

Personalized Approach ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact

The article considers the risks of the international market of tourist services in a pandemic and measures to overcome the crisis by increasing the level of professional motivation of staff. Study of losses of the tourism sector in the EU in April-May 2020. Decrease in EU revenues in June 2020. The impact of risks on the development of the international tourism industry from the implementation of anti-epidemic measures with COVID-19. Uncertainty and the predominant risks and duration of pandemic constraints are key to determining losses in this sector. The reasons for job losses in the tourism industry during the study period are investigated. The analysis of dynamics of outbound tourism for the period of introduction of quarantine restrictions is carried out. The reasons for the decline in demand for domestic tourism have been identified. The negative dynamics in the labor market of the tourism industry and its cause are determined. The expediency of Ukraine’s participation in international tourism relations has been proved. The tourism industry of Ukraine has been studied and the priority directions of its development that have developed under the current conditions have been revealed. The level of employment during the implementation of measures caused by the pandemic was studied. It is determined that an important problem is the high level of informal employment in the tourism industry. It was found that in the current situation in Ukraine at the current stage of its development, the problem of raising the level of professional motivation of staff has become important, because solving the challenges facing society is possible only if you create an appropriate motivational framework that can motivate employees to effective work. It is proved that in modern conditions in Ukraine at the present stage of its development the problem of increasing the level of professional motivation of staff has become important, because solving problems facing society is possible only if you create an appropriate motivational base that can motivate employees to work effectively. The efficiency of economic and non-economic methods of motivation of tourism workers is compared. The expediency of using a personalized approach to the choice of methods of professional motivation of employees is determined. Ways out of the crisis by increasing the level of professional motivation of staff are proposed.

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FORECASTING OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC CONSEQUENCES: GEOGRAPHICAL AND INTERNATIONAL ORIENTATION

Three Seas Economic Journal ◽

10.30525/2661-5150/2021-2-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 54-61

Author(s):

Olesia Iastremska ◽

Oleksandra Kononova

Keyword(s):

Global Market ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

International Travel ◽

International Tourism ◽

The European Union ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Intersectoral Cooperation ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

The World ◽

Domestic Tourism

Restrictions on transportation between countries because of lockdown caused by the prevalence of morbidity COVID-19 have slowed down economic activity worldwide. Therefore, in this paper, we examine and estimate the short-term economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global market situation in terms of the international tourism industry. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current economic situation of the world tourism sector, which suffered the most because of the COVID-19 pandemic, determine the main tourist flows (inbound and outbound tourism), and identify main tourism trends that characterize travel and tourism in 2020, to form practical directions for improving the tourism industry, domestic tourism in particular. This article analyzes the dynamics of international touristic destinations for the period 2019-2020, with regard to the pre-pandemic period and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Also, the dynamics of destinations of international tourists by different regions and the world in general for different types of travel limitations in 2020 are analyzed. It is detected an enhancement in percentage change of tourism destinations from July 2020 because the world began to open up to international tourism, mainly in the European Union. In this article, it is considered that the implementation of travel restrictions is clearly affected international travel. The dynamic of the international tourists’ destinations with a complete/partial closure of borders and other restrictions by region in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed. The major trends in the tourism sector during the coronavirus crisis are highlighted. The main practical directions for the resuscitation of the tourism industry have been formed, which will have to reduce the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and created a basis for increasing the competitiveness of domestic tourism. It is determined that support for the development of the tourism industry at the central and local levels should be based on the expected preferences of tourists and the risk of using illegal resorts with the possibility of infection. The article examines the main problems of the tourism sphere of Ukraine, which arise as a result of the introduction of measures to overcome the coronavirus pandemic in the world and in Ukraine in particular. Using the experience of other countries and international recommendations, measures for intersectoral cooperation in the context of increased epidemic risks are proposed. The article reveals the peculiarities of the development of the tourist sphere of Ukraine in the conditions of increased epidemic risks. Modern tendencies of functioning of the tourist sphere of the country are investigated. The tourism sector is suffering on a global scale due to the implementation of measures to overcome the coronavirus pandemic and the uncertainty of further development of the situation. According to various scenarios, in 2020 the volume of international tourist arrivals is expected to fall by 58-78% compared to last year. According to experts, the recovery of demand to the level of 2019 will take at least two years. According to experts, the sphere of tourist services of the coronavirus crisis period will be characterized by giving consumers priority in terms of choice of shorter rest periods, a predominance of individual movement and individual accommodation, choice of health, sea, and rural tourism.

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COVID-19: Opportunity or threat for European tourism

TIMS Acta ◽

10.5937/timsact14-29177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 93-101

Author(s):

Patricia Ardeljan ◽

Laura Cismaș ◽

Vera Medić

Keyword(s):

Prediction Models ◽

Sustainable Tourism ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

International Tourism ◽

Analytical Prediction ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Tourism Sector

International and European tourism underwent a constant and almost unprecedented development in the last decades. In 2018, international tourism displayed the ninth year of consecutive growth that exceeded even the increase of world GDP according to UNWTO data. This ascending trend continued in 2019, and the perspectives were promising according to predictions. The beginning of 2020 brought with it the outspread of a global pandemic and one of the most sensitive industries proved to be the industry of tourism and travel. The pandemic is from this perspective an opportunity for reconsidering the criteria for ensuring sustainable tourism while it proved the frailty of the entire tourism sector. The paper presents a brief analysis of the developments in international tourism, especially regarding European tourism in the pre-pandemic context. It is based on the principles of sustainability that should govern this industry and perceive the opportunities or threats of this pandemic. Regarding the methodology, we used the main available data and discussed the current analytical prediction models, because COVID-19 has changed and will continue to change the tourism industry.

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Portuguese tourism: How to share success?

Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes ◽

10.1108/whatt-07-2018-0043 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 705-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jorge Costa ◽

Silva Carvalho ◽

Daniela Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Round Table ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

International Travel ◽

International Tourism ◽

Round Table Discussion ◽

Content Type ◽

Travel And Tourism ◽

Current State ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

Challenges And Opportunities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to draws on the main conclusions of an International Tourism Forum Round Table discussion, attended by representatives of the main entities of the tourism sector in Portugal as well as international travel and tourism specialists. The authors identify the importance of making travel and tourism growth sustainable and discuss how success approaches can be shared more widely. Design/methodology/approach The main conclusions resulting from the International Tourism Forum Round Table are presented and discussed. The event was organised by the Institute for Tourism Planning and Development (IPDT), with Sponsorship support from the Solverde Group, under the theme: “Tourism in 2018: How to Share Tourism Success”. Findings Participants in the International Tourism Forum Round Table concluded that the tourism industry worldwide and in Portugal in particular, is facing major challenges that calls for innovative ways of managing the tourist experience. Several questions regarding tourism have been discussed, including desertification in some inland cities and villages. Originality/value This paper provides knowledge about the current state of Portuguese tourism, its challenges and opportunities and identifies innovative ways and likely solutions for drawing tourists to other regions of the country – beyond the major cities.

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Market Power and the Taxation of Domestic and International Tourism

Tourism Economics ◽

10.5367/000000002101298197 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 377-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Peter Forsyth ◽

Larry Dwyer

Keyword(s):

Market Power ◽

Global Economy ◽

International Tourism ◽

Rent Extraction ◽

Individual Country ◽

Goods And Services ◽

The World ◽

To Come ◽

Implicit Taxation ◽

Tourism Services

Tourism services around the world are subject to general and specific taxes. There is evidence that tourism is relatively heavily taxed and that rates of taxation are increasing, although the implicit taxation of aviation is lessening. Leaving aside issues of international rent extraction, or the passing of taxes on to foreign visitors, there do not seem to be strong reasons for taxing tourism differently from other goods and services, although specific levies to correct for related unpriced services or externalities may be called for. There has been a growth in specific tourism taxes, many of which are earmarked for spending on tourism-related projects or promotion. While this may appear efficient, it can lead to the squandering of revenues through the funding of inefficient projects. This is especially the case when different jurisdictions fund promotion to attract the same group of tourists. International tourism poses specific problems that make it difficult to tax it on a comparable basis to other goods and services. However, the most serious problem arises from the market power that countries possess over their tourism services; countries can, and do, impose taxes on tourism services and pass them on to foreign tourists. The scope for doing this is substantial and it is individually rational for countries to tax tourism services. However, this constitutes a barrier to trade in tourism services, and what is rational for an individual country is inefficient for the world as a whole. Excessive taxation of international tourism will be the result, and this taxation will be very difficult to negotiate away. Since this market power is unevenly distributed across countries, and there is some gain from tourism taxation, even after the taxation of their own travellers is taken into account, it would not be feasible to obtain agreement to reduce or eliminate such taxation if negotiations are confined to tourism and aviation issues. Agreement is more likely if there are broader negotiations, but even these may well not be enough. In the absence of side payments to bribe countries not to use their market power, the globally efficient solution of low tourism taxes is unlikely to come about. Ultimately, tourism growth is likely to suffer relative to other sectors in the global economy.

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Impacts of Terrorist Events on Tourism Development: Evidence from Asia

Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research ◽

10.1177/1096348020986903 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109634802098690

Author(s):

Yingying Sun ◽

Mingzhi Luo

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Terrorist Attacks ◽

International Tourism ◽

Muslim Countries ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

International Tourist ◽

Terrorist Events ◽

Tourism Revenue

To examine terrorism impacts on international tourism industry in Asia, we collected data from 46 countries from 1995 to 2016, with a total of 1,012 samples. Our results showed that terrorism had a more consistent negative impact on international tourism revenue (ITR) than on international tourist arrivals. While the frequency of terrorism had a significant positive impact on ITR, when controlling for terrorist events which did not cause fatalities, such positive impact changed to negative. A further finding was that the Asian tourism market greatly developed following the 911 event, even though ITR decreased in Muslim countries with high risk of terrorist attacks. The current study makes a contribution to the understanding of terrorism features which may prove useful to strengthening antiterrorism policy in the tourism sector.

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Phase Analysis of the Data Dynamics from the Tourism Sector

Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Economy and Management Study ◽

10.47616/jamrems.v1i2.66 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 61-66

Author(s):

Vyacheslav Lyashenko

Keyword(s):

Nonlinear Dynamics ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Real Data ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Phase Portraits ◽

International Tourism ◽

Data Dynamics ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

Human Economic Activity ◽

Linear Nature

The tourism industry covers various areas of economic activity. Tourism has various areas and directions of its implementation. One of the significant areas of tourism is international tourism. International tourism influences and reflects different spheres of human economic activity. This type of economic activity can have a non-linear nature of the processes that describe it. To analyze and identify such processes, the concept of a phase portrait is used. The paper reveals the features of nonlinear dynamics of processes in the field of tourism. We used real data to construct individual phase portraits in the tourism sector. A number of specific examples of the analysis of indicators from the tourism sector are given.

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The tourist experience in Portugal – how to maintain authenticity?

Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes ◽

10.1108/whatt-09-2017-0051 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 640-645

Author(s):

Jorge Costa ◽

Silva Carvalho ◽

Daniela Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Round Table ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

International Tourism ◽

Content Type ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Current State ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

Tourist Experience ◽

Negative Impacts

Purpose This paper aims to identify the importance of authenticity of the tourist experience, based on the main conclusions of the International Tourism Forum Round Table, attended by representatives of the main entities of the tourism sector in Portugal. Design/methodology/approach The main conclusions resulting from the International Tourism Forum Round Table are presented and discussed. The event was organised by the Institute for Tourism Planning and Development, under the theme “Tourism in 2017: trends and opportunities for businesses and destinations”. Findings The International Tourism Forum Round Table concluded that the tourism industry worldwide and in Portugal in particular, is facing major challenges that call for innovative ways of managing the tourist experience. Several questions regarding the negative impacts of tourism have been discussed, with authenticity being one of the major concerns. Originality/value The profiling of the current state of Portuguese tourism, its opportunities and challenges allows the design of more effective strategies to improve the Portuguese tourist offer and the experience of tourists visiting Portugal.

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