Drug Addiction and Capitalism: Too Close to the Body

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Bjerg
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW OF POST WAR SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN SYRIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Maryam Bibi,Eraj Saleem, Shafaq Zahid
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Stress Isolation ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Individual

Addiction is a disease that alters the behaving and thinking of the brain of a person. When a person starts using drugs, it starts getting addicted to them and gradually it can’t help but act on the impulse to use them regardless of the damage caused to the body of addicted person. Drug isn’t about just illegal drugs. A person can get addicted to alcohol, painkillers, nicotine and other legal substances. Drug addiction is a deathly disease found in almost every year of age. The disease is mostly carried by people who are mentally frustrated, physically or mentally abused, facing financial problem or family problems and is desperate to get some sort of relief that comes with the high of drugs even if it proves to be grim for their health in the long run. Addiction starts with the continuous use of dosage of any drug, until the point that an individual starts feeling anxious without the availability of them. Slowly and painfully, these drugs starts making a person totally relied on them and it is basically impossible for the individual to survive without them. There can be many reasons as to why an individual decides to go on this path of addiction. Economic problems, state of utter sadness in case of the death of a loved one or a closed one, societal stress, isolation, aggression, bad or wrong company, in state of depression and anxiety are the most likely situations in which a person starts taking drugs. Along with many other factors, families often play a vital role in pushing an individual towards seeking comfort and relief from the drugs. Developing countries like Pakistan and many others are facing the problem as there are not many effective and active rehabilitation centers. In this research article, the role of families contributing in an individual’s drug addiction is elaborated. This research article is done with the help of many researches, as well as some interviews were conducted regarding certain factors and the answers were given according to the observation and views of responders. The conclusion is drawn with the help of articles and personal opinions and observations regarding how a person leans toward substance or drug usage because of certain family issues and problems.

scholarly journals Quality of Life, Behavioural Activation and Inhibition and Perceived Social Competence among Drug Addicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Competence ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this article was to shower light on the quality of life that mostly we expect. Life quality is determined by two aspects i.e., physiological and psychological aspects. While if a person is addicted by the drugs, then the both aspects of his/ her life is deteriorated to the extreme. Due to drug addiction, the negative psychological effects which arises are anxiety, stress, depression, and familial relationships while the negative physiological effects that arise from the drug addiction are weakness, headache, dizziness, and pain in the body, etc. The main objective was to evaluate the quality of life of Diamorphine addicts, behavioral stimulation and inhibition, perceived social competence, and the relationship between these variables; and check differences between drug addicts on these variables based on their belongingness to joint and nuclear family systems. To achieve the objectives, 10 Diamorphine addicts were taken from Azm Drug Rehabilitation center, Sargodha, through purposive sampling. A total number of 10 participants responded to the 26-items quality of life survey (WHO-QOL-BREF), 24-items BAS/BIS (BIS/BAS scale) questionnaire, and 5-items perceived social competence questionnaire (Perceived Social Competence Scale II). Results were analyzed via SPSS version 20. The results showed that all three variables in the study were not associated with each other. Quality of life and social competence correlated -.25 (p = n.s); quality of life and BAS/BIS had .30 (p = n.s); while social competence and BAS/BIS had -.16 (p = n.s). It may be due to the cultural settings of Pakistan. In drug addicts, BAS has high activity, and BIS has low activity. And there is no significant difference in these variables among addicts of the nuclear and joint family system.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CRYSTALLOGRAM OF THE ORAL FLUID IN PATIENTS WHO USE HEROIN AND METHADONE

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (33) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
A. SEVBITOV ◽  
A. DOROFEEV ◽  
M. KUZNETSOVA ◽  
A. TIMOSHIN ◽  
K. ERSHOV
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heroin Addiction ◽  
Drug Dependent ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
First Time

Currently, the problem of drug addiction is one of the main not only in healthcare but also in society, because it poses a serious threat to the life and health of the working-age population. Persons suffering from drug addiction, are characterized not only by severe disorders of the Central nervous system, internal organs, but also pathological changes in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. The results of studies indicate that persons suffering from drug dependence on opiates (mainly from heroin addiction) and taking methadone (a synthetic drug from the group of opioids used in some countries as substitution therapy in the treatment of drug dependence), along with the general toxic effects on the body, there are significant changes in the state of the dentition.The aim of the work is to analyze the results of oral fluid crystallograms in patients using heroin and methadone and to identify the features of crystal morphology depending on the substance used. For the first time, changes in crystal morphology were detected in patients taking heroin and methadone. The article presents the results of the analysis of crystallograms of oral fluid of patients using heroin and methadone, the features of their morphology, distinctive quality features, including the lack of crystal growth and rupture of its structure. It is noted that these morphological changes in the crystallization of oral fluid of drug-dependent patients identified for the first time and can be used for diagnostic purposes in dentistry to identify patients who use heroin or methadone. Analysis of the results of these crystallograms in the studied categories of patients allows to differentiate them depending on the substance used (heroin, methadone), which can be used in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Acupuncture on the Stress-Related Drug Relapse to Seeking

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hyo Sun Roh ◽  
Bo Ra Park ◽  
Eun Young Jang ◽  
Jin Sook Kim ◽  
Young S. Gwak
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Drug Seeking ◽  
Drug Craving ◽  
Opponent Process ◽  
Seeking Behavior

Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disease, which causes serious social and economic problems. The most important trial for the successful treatment of drug addiction is to prevent the high rate of relapse to drug-seeking behaviors. Opponent process as a motivational theory with excessive drug seeking in the negative reinforcement of drug dependence reflects both loss of brain reward system and recruitment of brain stress system. The negative emotional state produced by brain stress system during drug withdrawal might contribute to the intense drug craving and drive drug-seeking behaviors via negative reinforcement mechanisms. Decrease in dopamine neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens and recruitment of corticotropin-releasing factor in the extended amygdala are hypothesized to be implicated in mediating this motivated behavior. Also, a brain stress response system is hypothesized to increase drug craving and contribute to relapse to drug-seeking behavior during the preoccupation and anticipation stage of dependence caused by the exposure to stress characterized as the nonspecific responses to any demands on the body. Acupuncture has proven to be effective for reducing drug addiction and stress-related psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Furthermore, acupuncture has been shown to correct reversible brain malfunctions by regulating drug addiction and stress-related neurotransmitters. Accordingly, it seems reasonable to propose that acupuncture attenuates relapse to drug-seeking behavior through inhibition of stress response. In this review, a brief description of stress in relapse to drug-seeking behavior and the effects of acupuncture were presented.

scholarly journals COMMUNICATIVE FEATURES OF PATIENTS WITH COMBINED ADDICTION ON HEROIN AND ALCOHOL

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
S. P. Elshansky ◽  
E. I. Osipova ◽  
D. V. Semenov ◽  
R. S. Bykov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Chemical Dependence ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Chemical Addiction ◽  
Regular Intake

Introduction: chemical dependence on several narcotic or other psychoactive substances at the same time is called poly-drug addiction or complicated drug addiction, the terms "combined addiction" and "combined use" are also often used. It is believed that the simultaneous or alternating regular intake of various psychoactive substances has a more destructive effect on the body than depending on only one drug. In the narcological literature the various forms of combined use of alcohol and heroin were described. There are some data on the psychological characteristics of patients with such forms of addiction, the specifics of these patients in terms of personal readiness for rehabilitation. The aim of the study was to identify the features of interpersonal relations and individual-personal specificity in the field of such relations in patients with heroin-alcohol polydrug addiction. Materials and methods: the Study has been conducted on a sample of 25 patients aged 28 to 50 years using four psychodiagnostic techniques. Tests were used: "Individual typological questionnaire of L.N. Sobchik " (ITO), "Questionnaire of interpersonal relations of A. Rukavishnikov" (OMO), "Diagnosis of interpersonal relations of T. Leary" (DMO), "Diagnosis of interference in the establishment of emotional contacts of V. Boyko". Results: it has been found that heroin and alcohol addicts in the communicative sphere are aggressive, deceitful, tend to dominate, although they retain the need to be accepted by others. Discussion and Conclusions: the obtained data confirm the literature data about more aggressiveness of polynarcomania in the comparison with mononarcomania. The tendency to aggression in interpersonal relations can be attributed to destructive, pathological and socially dangerous features of heroin and alcohol poly-drug addiction. Drug addicts of the studied form are dangerous for others and create communication problems for people forced to communicate with them. A generalizing conclusion is made that heroin-alcohol poly-drug addiction is a source of social destructiveness, and patients with this type of chemical addiction are carriers of this destructiveness.

scholarly journals Evidence for the Embodiment of the automatic approach bias

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Solzbacher ◽  
Artur Czeszumski ◽  
Sven Walter ◽  
Peter König
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Positive Stimuli ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Negative Stimuli

Tendencies of approach and avoidance seem to be a universal characteristic of humans. Specifically, individuals are faster in avoiding than in approaching negative stimuli and they are faster in approaching than in avoiding positive stimuli. The existence of this automatic approach/avoidance bias has been demonstrated in many studies. Furthermore, this bias is thought to play a key role in psychological disorders like drug addiction and phobias. However, its mechanisms are far from clear. Theories of embodied cognition postulate, that the nature of gestures play a key role in this process.To shed light on the role of the involved gesture we employed a 2x2 factorial design with two types of stimuli. Participants had either to approach positive and avoid negative stimuli (congruent conditions) or to avoid positive stimuli and approach negative stimuli (incongruent conditions). Further, they responded either with a joystick or a button press on a response pad. Participants reacted faster in congruent conditions, i.e., avoiding negative stimuli and approaching positive stimuli, then in incongruent conditions. This replicates the known approach and avoidance bias. However, directly analyzing the button press condition participants revealed no reaction time advantage for congruent trials compared to incongruent trials. In contrast, in the joystick condition participants were significantly faster performing congruent reactions than incongruent reactions. This interaction, a significant reaction time advantage, when the response is enacted by moving a joystick towards or away from the body gives evidence that approach-avoidance tendencies have a crucial bodily component.

Emotion System

2017 ◽  
pp. 349-374
Author(s):  
Eduardo E. Benarroch ◽  
Jeremy K. Cutsforth-Gregory ◽  
Kelly D. Flemming
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain State ◽  
System P ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Physical Reaction

Chapter Abstract (Approx 50-100 words): The emotion system includes several interacting circuits that also form part of the sensory, motor, and autonomic systems. Emotion is an ancestral brain state that is critical for survival. Emotion is both a psychological and physical reaction, experienced as a strong feeling associated with physiologic changes that prepare the body for immediate action. Disorders of the emotion system underlie a wide range of neurologic, psychiatric, and medical conditions. These include chronic pain disorders, drug addiction, anxiety, depression, and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Preliminary Analysis of the Effectiveness of Handing Criminal Acts by Children Under the Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Antonio Daniguelo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Addictive Drugs ◽  
Neurological System

The issue of drug addiction and illegal trafficking continues to plague nations across the globe. Between 153 and 300 million individuals, or 3.4 to 6.6 percent of the world's drug abusers aged 15 to 64 years, having used drugs at least once a year, with almost 12% (15.5 to 38.6 million people) of users being heavy addicts. Initially created for medicinal reasons (therapy), opioids became a political target for those seeking profit by introducing harmful addictive chemicals. Addition of hazardous addictive drugs may precipitate a person's hallucinations and addictions, wreaking havoc on the neurological system and organs of the body and ultimately resulting in death. The risks of drug addiction have prompted many nations to implement laws aimed at protecting citizens and prohibiting drug trafficking. This restriction eventually spawned illegal commerce and the growth of global marketplaces

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document