scholarly journals COVID-19 and psychological distress in Norway: The role of trust in the healthcare system

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482097151
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Harris ◽  
Gro M. Sandal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Moderation Analysis ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
Related Risk

Aim: The study aims to examine groups at risk for psychological distress in connection with the COVID-19 outbreak, and the role of trust in the healthcare system as a possible moderator. Methods: Data were collected from a large sample of the Norwegian population ( n = 4008) through the Norwegian Citizen Panel (NCP). A linear regression was conducted to examine the effects of COVID-19 related risk factors on psychological distress, using the 10-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-10). Finally, we conducted a moderation analysis to examine the interaction of trust in the healthcare system and COVID-19 related risk factors. Results: A linear regression showed that female gender, younger age, lower level of education, being infected with COVID-19, being medically vulnerable, working in the healthcare system, being in voluntary quarantine and having an immigrant background predicted mean HSCL-10 scores. The moderation analysis revealed that people in the medically vulnerable group, those below 61, and those in quarantine reported higher psychological distress when they also had lower trust in the healthcare system. Conclusions: Findings indicate important groups to take into consideration in mental healthcare strategies and policies. However, most participants in the current study reported psychological distress levels that were below the clinical cut-off, suggesting that the majority may have coped relatively well in the early stages of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Patients’ risk factors for periprosthetic joint infection in primary total hip arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of 40 studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Ren ◽  
Lin Ling ◽  
Lin Qi ◽  
Zhongyue Liu ◽  
Wenchao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Femoral Neck Fracture ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Neck Fracture

Abstract Background Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a catastrophic complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Our meta-analysis aimed to identify the individual-related risk factors that predispose patients to PJI following primary THA. Methods Comprehensive literature retrieval from Pubmed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was performed from inception to Feb 20th, 2021. Patient-related risk factors were compared as per the modifiable factors (BMI, smoke and alcohol abuse), non-modifiable factors (gender, age), and medical history characteristics, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), avascular necrosis (AVN) of femoral head, femoral neck fracture, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and osteoarthritis (OA) etc. The meta-analysis was applied by using risk ratios with 95% corresponding intervals. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were performed to further assess the credibility of the results. Results Overall, 40 studies with 3,561,446 hips were enrolled in our study. By implementing cumulative meta-analysis, higher BMI was found associated with markedly increased PJI risk after primary THA [2.40 (2.01–2.85)]. Meanwhile, medical characteristics including DM [1.64 (1.25–2.21)], AVN [1.65 (1.07–2.56)], femoral neck fracture [1.75 (1.39–2.20)], RA [1.37 (1.23–1.54)], CVD [1.34 (1.03–1.74)], chronic pulmonary disease (CPD) [1.22 (1.08–1.37)], neurological disease [1.19 (1.05–1.35)], opioid use [1.53 (1.35–1.73)] and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) [1.15 (1.13–1.17)] were also significantly correlated with higher rate of PJI. Conversely, dysplasia or dislocation [0.65 (0.45–0.93)], and OA [0.70 (0.62–0.79)] were protective factors. Of Note, female gender was protective for PJI only after longer follow-up. Besides, age, smoking, alcohol abuse, previous joint surgery, renal disease, hypertension, cancer, steroid use and liver disease were not closely related with PJI risk. Conclusion Our finding suggested that the individual-related risk factors for PJI after primary THA included high BMI, DM, AVN, femoral neck fracture, RA, CVD, CPD, neurological disease, opioid use and IDA, while protective factors were female gender, dysplasia/ dislocation and OA.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO FRAGILITY FRACTURES IN INDIANS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Singh ◽  
Ananda Kisor Pal ◽  
Dibyendu Biswas ◽  
Alakendu Ghosh ◽  
Brijesh P Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACTObjectiveOsteoporosis causes fragility fractures that also occur in patients with bone mineral density (BMD) in the normal or osteopenic range, suggesting role of risk factors that are unrelated or partially related to BMD. The study aims at highlighting the link between 3 conditions, that are environment and occupation related risk factors and that are widely prevalent in India, and development of fragility fractures.MethodsA Case Control study was done by recruiting 110 Cases with history of recent fragility fractures and 84 Controls with no history of recent fractures. 3 study parameters, village dwelling, conventional farming, and poverty, were chosen the presence or absence of which were documented in participants. This was followed by an ODDS ratio analysis.ResultsThe Odds of village dwellers, conventional farmers, and socioeconomically poor individuals to develop fragility fractures were both significant and large.ConclusionUrbanization is a risk in the development of fragility fractures. However, this study points that village dwelling in India is associated with the development of fragility fractures. Similarly, Odds of farmers exposed to pesticides and agrochemicals to develop fragility fractures is large and significant. Pesticides and agrochemicals act as endocrine disruptors and bone health is closely linked to endocrine system. Fragility fractures among farmers may be due to endocrine disrupting properties of pesticides and agrochemicals. Socioeconomic deprivation is a known risk in the development of osteoporosis. This study too highlights that the odds of individuals living in poverty to develop fragility fractures is significant and large.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Outbreak and Psychological Distress in Healthcare Workers: The Role of Personality Traits, Attachment Styles, and Sociodemographic Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4992
Author(s):  
Cristina Mazza ◽  
Marco Colasanti ◽  
Eleonora Ricci ◽  
Serena Di Giandomenico ◽  
Daniela Marchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Depression Score

The COVID-19 outbreak has exposed healthcare professionals (HPs) to increased workloads and a high risk of contagion. The present study aimed at examining the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health of HPs in Italy, investigating the role of attachment style, personality traits, and sociodemographic variables. An online survey was administered from 18 to 22 March 2020. Respondents were 296 HPs (77% female, 23% male; aged 21–77 years). The measures employed were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-BF (PID-5-BF), the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21). The findings showed that PID-5-BF Negative Affect, female gender, and ASQ Preoccupation with Relationships predicted high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, respectively. Furthermore, PID-5-BF Detachment predicted higher psychological distress, as captured in the DASS-21 total score and DASS-21 Depression score, and having an infected loved one was associated with high psychological distress. Overall, the results suggest that HPs are experiencing high rates of psychological distress during the pandemic, and that specific attachment styles and personality traits might be useful in identifying those at greatest risk for developing mental health symptoms.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Objective Sleep and Its Related Risk Factors Among Parkinson's Disease Patients With and Without Restless Legs Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyu Sun ◽  
Xianchao Zhao ◽  
Jiafeng Ren ◽  
Jinxiang Cheng ◽  
Junying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Related Risk

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the objective sleep characteristics and their related risk factors among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with and without restless legs syndrome (RLS).Methods: A total of 125 patients with PD who underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) were recruited consecutively. Eighty-one patients, including 27 PD with RLS (PD-RLS) and 54 PD without RLS (PD-NRLS), were included in the final analysis after 1:2 propensity score matching. Demographic, clinical, and polysomnographic data were compared between PD patients with and without RLS. The risk factors for sleep quality were examined using a multiple linear regression model.Results: The prevalence of RLS among PD patients was 28.0% (35/125). The PD-RLS group exhibited a higher score for the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III than the PD-NRLS group. Also, the PD-RLS patients displayed significantly shorter total sleep times, worse sleep quality, decreased stage 3 duration, a longer wake time after sleep onset, and a higher arousal index than those without RLS (all p < 0.05). In the multiple linear regression model, PD duration (β = −0.363, 95% CI: −0.652 to −0.074; p = 0.016), UPDRS-III (β = −0.356, 95% CI: −0.641 to −0.071; p = 0.016), and periodic limb movement index (PLMI) (β = −0.472, 95% CI: −0.757 to −0.187; p = 0.002) were determined to be the risk factors influencing sleep quality in PD-RLS patients. The UPDRS-III (β = −0.347, 95% CI: −0.590 to −0.104; p = 0.006) and HAMD scores (β = −0.343, 95% CI: −0.586 to −0.100; p = 0.007) were significantly associated with sleep quality after adjusting for confounding factors in PD-NRLS patients, respectively.Conclusions: PD-RLS patients exhibited more disturbed and fragmented sleep in objective sleep architecture than PD-NRLS patients. The severity of motor symptoms in PD was significantly associated with poor sleep quality in both PD-RLS and PD-NRLS patients. Notably, our findings indicated that periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) was the risk factor that influenced the objective sleep quality in PD patients with RLS.

Examining the Contributions of Disability to Suicidality in the Context of Depression Symptoms and Other Sociodemographic Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Lund ◽  
Michael R. Nadorff ◽  
Katie B. Thomas ◽  
Kate Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Sociodemographic Risk

We examined the contribution of disability status to suicidality when accounting for depression and sociodemographic risk factors in 438 American adults, 82 (18.7%) of whom identified as having disabilities. Participants with disabilities had significantly higher depression scores and were more likely to be unemployed and unpartnered, all of which were also associated with increased suicidality. However, disability remained a significant predictor of suicidality even when depression and sociodemographic risk factors were accounted for in a linear regression. Other significant predictors of suicidality in this regression were female gender, depression symptoms, and family and friend suicide history; identifying as a member of a religion was a significant protective factor against suicidality. Our findings suggest that the contribution of disability to suicidality goes beyond that which can be explained by increased depression symptoms and sociodemographic vulnerability.

scholarly journals Role of Difficulty in Emotion Regulation, Suicidal Ideation and Distress in Patients with Substance use disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zakaria ◽  
Shazia Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Simple Linear Regression

Cognitive theory explains that the substance intoxication develops a syndrome which directly affects the central nerves system. It further creates troubles in perception, thinking,concentration and emotion regulation. The difficulty in emotion regulation problem causes the suicidal ideation and psychological distress in substance patients, but most of the clinician is unaware about the role of emotion dysregulation in substance intoxication and other psychological problems that they didn’t provided specific treatment for emotion regulation problem to controlled substance intoxication and its related problems. The present study explore the role of difficulty in emotion regulation with suicidal ideation and psychological distress among patients with substance use disorders. The date was collected from 60 patients with substance use disorders, with age range from 18 to 35 years. The sample size was arranged through the G Power software. Data of the current study was collected from different government and private hospitals and drug rehabilitation centers of Lahore city Pakistan by using of convenient sampling technique. The difficulty emotional regulation, suicidal ideation attributes and depressions, Anxiety, Stress (DASS) scales were used for data collection. The simple linear regression statistical analysis was used for data analysis. Simple linear regression analysis indicated that difficulty in emotion regulation (β= .214) is positively associated with suicidal ideation and psychological distress, depression is (β= .322), anxiety is (β= .326) and stress (β= .320). Among patients with substance use disorders. Difficulty in emotion regulation has positively predicated the suicidal ideation and psychological distress among patients with substance use disorders. The present study was found that the difficulty in emotion regulation plays a significant role in suicidal ideation and psychological distress among patients with substance use disorders.

Reduced work capacity after lumbar disc surgery: The role of cognitive-behavioral and work-related risk factors

Pain ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper J. den Boer ◽  
Rob A.B. Oostendorp ◽  
Tjemme Beems ◽  
Marten Munneke ◽  
Andrea W.M. Evers
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Lumbar Disc Surgery ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Disc Surgery ◽  
Related Risk

Where periodontitis meets metabolic syndrome—The role of common health‐related risk factors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragda Abdalla‐Aslan ◽  
Mordechai Findler ◽  
Liran Levin ◽  
Avraham Zini ◽  
Boaz Shay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Health Related

Role of gut microbiota in travel-related acquisition of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Peng ◽  
Suisha Liang ◽  
Kanchana Poonsuk ◽  
Hilda On ◽  
Sze Wang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background International travel could facilitate the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria including extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E). Previous studies, which attempted to understand the role of gut microbiota in the acquisition of antimicrobial resistant bacteria during international travels, are limited to western travelers. Methods We established a prospective cohort of 90 Hong Kong travelers to investigate gut microbiota determinants and associated risk factors for the acquisition of ESBL-E. Baseline characteristics and travel-associated risk factors were gathered through questionnaires. Fecal samples were collected in 3–4 days before and after travel. Antimicrobial susceptibility of ESBL-E isolates was tested, and gut microbiota were profiled by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Non-parametric tests were used to detect potential associations, and logistic regression models were used to quantify the associations. Random forest models were constructed to identify microbial predictors for ESBL-E acquisition. Results 49 (54.4%) participants were tested negative for ESBL-E colonization before travel and were followed up after travel. A total of 60 ESBL-E isolates were cultured from 20 (40.8%) participants. Having low Actinobacteria richness and low abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in the gut microbiota before travel increased the risk of acquiring ESBL-E and the risk can be further exacerbated by eating raw seafood during travel. Besides, post-travel ESBL-E positive participants had increased abundances of several opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Escherichia/Shigella and Klebsiella. The random forest model integrating pre-travel microbiota and the identified travel-related risk factor could predict ESBL-E acquisition with an area under the curve of 75.4% (95% confidence interval: 57.9%–93.0%). Conclusions In this study, we identified both travel-related risk factors and microbiota predictors for the risk of ESBL-E acquisition. Our results provide foundational knowledge for future developments of microbiota-based interventions to prevent ESBL-E acquisition during international travels.

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