Examining the Contributions of Disability to Suicidality in the Context of Depression Symptoms and Other Sociodemographic Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Lund ◽  
Michael R. Nadorff ◽  
Katie B. Thomas ◽  
Kate Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Sociodemographic Risk

We examined the contribution of disability status to suicidality when accounting for depression and sociodemographic risk factors in 438 American adults, 82 (18.7%) of whom identified as having disabilities. Participants with disabilities had significantly higher depression scores and were more likely to be unemployed and unpartnered, all of which were also associated with increased suicidality. However, disability remained a significant predictor of suicidality even when depression and sociodemographic risk factors were accounted for in a linear regression. Other significant predictors of suicidality in this regression were female gender, depression symptoms, and family and friend suicide history; identifying as a member of a religion was a significant protective factor against suicidality. Our findings suggest that the contribution of disability to suicidality goes beyond that which can be explained by increased depression symptoms and sociodemographic vulnerability.

Family relationships and internet abuse in 25 European countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reynaldo G. Rivera ◽  
David Santos ◽  
Marc Grau Grau ◽  
Laurie F. DeRose
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Internet Abuse ◽  
Sociodemographic Risk

The aim of this article is to understand the link between family relationships and internet abuse (IA) using a sample of 18,709 children in 25 European countries. Our results suggest that family relationships are a significant predictor of IA – even when controlling for other significant individual and country-level factors. According to our results, children in two-parent families were less likely to have IA than children in other types of homes, but their advantage seems to derive from having better family dynamics (manifest in more communicative and less autonomous lifestyles) rather than family structure as such. Moreover, the importance of family structure with respect to IA is mediated by children’s relational lifestyles. This suggests that positive parenting characterised by high levels of dialogue may work as a protective factor of IA. We also identified sociodemographic risk factors: IA is more common among older and male children, those with lower levels of self-efficacy, and those living in large cities. The specific components of advantageous relational lifestyles can guide interventions to protect children from IA.

scholarly journals Risk factors for depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study in middle-aged and older adults

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Rutland-Lawes ◽  
Anna-Stiina Wallinheimo ◽  
Simon L. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Increased Risk

Background The COVID-19 pandemic and resultant social restrictions have had widespread psychological ramifications, including a rise in depression prevalence. However, longitudinal studies on sociodemographic risk factors are lacking. Aims To quantify longitudinal changes in depression symptoms during the pandemic compared with a pre-pandemic baseline, in middle-aged and older adults, and identify the risk factors contributing to this. Method A total of 5331 participants aged ≥50 years were drawn from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Self-reported depression symptoms in June/July 2020 were compared with baseline data from 2–3 years prior. Regression models investigated sociodemographic and lifestyle variables that could explain variance in change in depression. Results Within-participant depression scores increased significantly from pre-pandemic levels: 14% met the criteria for clinical depression at baseline, compared with 26% during the pandemic. Younger age, female gender, higher depression scores at baseline, living alone and having a long-standing illness were significant risk factors. Gender-stratified regression models indicated that older age was protective for women only, whereas urban living increased risk among women only. Being an alcohol consumer was a protective factor among men only. Conclusions Depression in UK adults aged ≥50 years increased significantly during the pandemic. Being female, living alone and having a long-standing illness were prominent risk factors. Younger women living in urban areas were at particularly high risk, suggesting such individuals should be prioritised for support. Findings are also informative for future risk stratification and intervention strategies, particularly if social restrictions are reimposed as the COVID-19 crisis continues to unfold.

Identifying sociodemographic risk factors associated with residential fire fatalities: a matched case control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Jonsson ◽  
Henrik Jaldell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Residential Fire ◽  
Sociodemographic Risk ◽  
Residential Fires ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between sociodemographic factors and residential fire fatalities in Sweden. A majority of fatal fires occur in housing. An understanding of risk factors and risk groups is a must for well-founded decisions regarding targeted prevention efforts. There is a lack of consideration of the interrelation between sociodemographic factors and fire fatalities and there is a lack of high quality large-scale studies.MethodsIn this matched case-control study, residential fire fatalities (cases, n=850) (age above 19 years old) were identified in the national register on fatal fires. Four controls per case were randomly matched by gender and age. ORs were calculated to assess the association between different sociodemographic factors with residential fire fatalities using conditional logistic regression.ResultsHaving low income, receiving social allowance and receiving health-related early retirement pension were associated with an increased risk of dying in residential fires. The results also show clearly that adults dying in residential fires to a significantly lower extent were living together with a partner, were in work, were highly educated and lived in urban areas. However, contrary to previous research, living in rented apartments appeared not to influence the risk of death.ConclusionsIn this study, we show that fatalities due to residential fires in Sweden are associated with some but not all of previously published sociodemographic risk factors. The results provide valuable information that can improve the guiding and targeting of fire mortality prevention strategies in Sweden.

scholarly journals Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Military Aviators

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (9-10) ◽  
pp. e1506-e1509
Author(s):  
J Banks Deal ◽  
Anthony J Magee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Age Group ◽  
White Race ◽  
Helicopter Pilots ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
The Military

Abstract Introduction The incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is increased in occupations exposed to repetitive motion, poor wrist posture, and vibration exposure. While all pilots are exposed to these factors, helicopter pilots are especially exposed to vibration. The study is to identify the incidence and risk factors for CTS in military aviators. Materials and Methods Clearance was obtained from Tripler Army Medical Center IRB. The Defense Medical Epidemiological Database was queried for all new cases of CTS from 2006 to 2015. Incidence rates (IRs) were determined for helicopter pilots, fixed-wing pilots, and nonpilot officers. Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted IR in order to control for demographic factors. Race was also taken into account, where pilots would classify themselves into a white or non-white race, defined by each individual. Race was assessed in the study to see if there were any differences in IR of CTS between white and non-white pilots. Results We identified 7,398 new cases of CTS among 2,319,352 person-years within the study period. Increasing age, female gender, and non-white race were significantly correlated with higher IR. Fixed-wing pilots demonstrated significantly lower adjusted IR than nonpilot officers in each age group. Helicopter pilots demonstrated higher IR than fixed-wing pilots in each age group. Helicopter pilots had lower incidence of CTS early in their career compared to nonpilot officers, but by age 40+, their IR ratio was significantly higher (1.21). Conclusion Analysis of the database indicates that fixed-wing pilot status is a protective factor against development of CTS among U.S. military officers. In contrast, helicopter pilots were found to be at an increased rate of CTS than their fixed-wing counterparts. Their incidence is comparable to their nonpilot officer peers early in their career, but is significantly increased at the senior level. Increasing age and female gender are risk factors in the military officer population as expected. Non-white race was found to increase risk in the military population, in contrast to reports of the civilian population.

scholarly journals The Risk Factors and the Impact of Hernia Development on Technique Survival in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Feng Yang ◽  
Chia-Jen Liu ◽  
Wu-Chang Yang ◽  
Chao-Fu Chang ◽  
Chih-Yu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Hernia Formation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThere is a lack of consensus on the risk factors for hernia formation, and the impact on peritoneal dialysis (PD) survival has seldom been studied.MethodsThis was a population-based study and all collected data were retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Patients who commenced PD between January 1998 and December 2006 were screened for inclusion. Multiple logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were applied to estimate the predictors for hernia formation and determine the predictors of PD withdrawal.ResultsA total of 6,928 PD patients were enrolled and followed until December 2009, with 631 hernia events and 391 hernioplasties being registered in 530 patients (7.7%). The incidence rate was 0.04 hernias/patient/year. Longer PD duration (per 1 month increase, hazard ratio (HR) 1.019) and history of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) (HR 1.584) were independent risk factors for hernia formation during PD, and female gender (HR 0.617) was a protective factor. On the other hand, there were 4,468 PD withdrawals, with cumulative incidence rates of 41% at 1 year, 66% at 3 years, and 82% at 5 years. Independent determinants for cumulative PD withdrawal included hernia formation during PD (HR 1.154), age (per 1 year increase, HR 1.014), larger dialysate volume (per 1 liter increase, HR 0.496), female gender (HR 0.763), heart failure (HR 1.092), hypertension (HR 1.207), myocardial infarction (HR 1.292), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (HR 1.227), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (HR 1.364), and history of MVP (HR 0.712)ConclusionsProlonged PD duration was a risk factor for hernia formation, and female gender was protective. Hernia formation during PD therapy may increase the risk of PD withdrawal.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and psychological distress in Norway: The role of trust in the healthcare system

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482097151
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Harris ◽  
Gro M. Sandal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Moderation Analysis ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
Related Risk

Aim: The study aims to examine groups at risk for psychological distress in connection with the COVID-19 outbreak, and the role of trust in the healthcare system as a possible moderator. Methods: Data were collected from a large sample of the Norwegian population ( n = 4008) through the Norwegian Citizen Panel (NCP). A linear regression was conducted to examine the effects of COVID-19 related risk factors on psychological distress, using the 10-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-10). Finally, we conducted a moderation analysis to examine the interaction of trust in the healthcare system and COVID-19 related risk factors. Results: A linear regression showed that female gender, younger age, lower level of education, being infected with COVID-19, being medically vulnerable, working in the healthcare system, being in voluntary quarantine and having an immigrant background predicted mean HSCL-10 scores. The moderation analysis revealed that people in the medically vulnerable group, those below 61, and those in quarantine reported higher psychological distress when they also had lower trust in the healthcare system. Conclusions: Findings indicate important groups to take into consideration in mental healthcare strategies and policies. However, most participants in the current study reported psychological distress levels that were below the clinical cut-off, suggesting that the majority may have coped relatively well in the early stages of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Prevalence and sociodemographic risk factors related to household food security in Aboriginal peoples in Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1150-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noreen D Willows ◽  
Paul Veugelers ◽  
Kim Raine ◽  
Stefan Kuhle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Sociodemographic Risk

AbstractObjectiveCanada’s Aboriginal population is vulnerable to food insecurity and increasingly lives off-reserve. The Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2 Nutrition, was used to compare the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of food insecurity between non-Aboriginal and off-reserve Aboriginal households.DesignFood insecurity status was based on Health Canada’s revised interpretation of responses to the US Household Food Security Survey Module. Logistic regression was used to assess if Aboriginal households were at higher risk for food insecurity than non-Aboriginal households, adjusting for household sociodemographic factors.SettingCanada.SubjectsHouseholds (n35,107), 1528 Aboriginal and 33 579 non-Aboriginal.ResultsThirty-three per cent of Aboriginal households were food insecure as compared with 9 % of non-Aboriginal households (univariate OR 5·2, 95 % CI 4·2, 6·3). Whereas 14 % of Aboriginal households had severe food insecurity, 3 % of non-Aboriginal households did. The prevalence of sociodemographic risk factors for household food insecurity was higher for Aboriginal households. Aboriginal households were more likely to have three or more children (14 %v. 5 %), be lone-parent households (2 1 %v. 5 %), not have home ownership (52 %v. 31 %), have educational attainment of secondary school or less (43 %v. 26 %), have income from sources other than wages or salaries (38 %v. 29 %), and be in the lowest income adequacy category (33 %v. 12 %). Adjusted for these sociodemographic factors, Aboriginal households retained a higher risk for food insecurity than non-Aboriginal households (OR 2·6, 95 % CI 2·1, 3·2).ConclusionsOff-reserve Aboriginal households in Canada merit special attention for income security and poverty alleviation initiatives.

O-206 Meiotic segregation analysis for reciprocal translocation carriers: Assessment of factors influencing meiotic segregation patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Xie ◽  
H Liang ◽  
P Yangqin ◽  
T Yueqiu ◽  
L Ge
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Reciprocal Translocation ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Meiotic Segregation ◽  
Balanced Translocation ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Study question To analyze factors that could influence meiotic segregation patterns for reciprocal translocation carriers. Summary answer Involvement of an Acr-ch, female gender, and lower TAR1 (ratio of translocated segment 1 over the chromosome arm) were independent risk factors for alternate segregation. What is known already Reciprocal translocation is one of the more common structural rearrangements of chromosomes, which is associated with reproductive risks, such as infertility, spontaneous abortion and the delivery of babies with mental retardation or developmental delay. Extensive studies on meiotic segregation patterns of sperm, blastomere, and blastocysts have identified several factors that may influence the generation of unbalanced rearrangement of reciprocal translocations, including carrier’s gender and age, location of breakpoints, chromosome type, and the quadrivalent structure. However, some results are controversial. Study design, size, duration A retrospective study from October 2013 to December 2019, a total of 10846 blastocysts originating from 2871 oocyte retrieval cycles from 2253 couples with one of the partners carrying reciprocal were investigated. The mean maternal age was 29.97±4 years (20 –47years). Participants/materials, setting, methods Trophectoderm biopsy of blastocysts was performed on the 5th or 6th day of development. Whole genome amplification (WGA) was performed on all samples, and the WGA was analyzed with SNP array or NGS. Segregation patterns of quadrivalent in 10846 blastocysts were analyzed. Risk factors for segregation patterns were explored through analyzing carriers’ demographic and cytogenetic characteristics using multivariate generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). Main results and the role of chance The percentage of normal/balanced blastocysts was 34.3%, and 2:2 segregation was observed in 90.0% of blastocysts. Increased TAR1 (the ratio of translocated segment 1 over the chromosome arm) was noted as an independent protective factor for the proportion of alternate segregation (P = 0.004). The female gender and involvement of an Acr-ch were found independent risk factors for alternate segregation (P < 0.001). A higher TAR1 reduced the risk of adjacent-1 segregation; longer translocated segment and female gender increased the risk of adjacent-2 segregation (P = 0.009 and P < 0.001, respectively). Female gender and involvement of an Acr-ch enhanced the risk of 3:1 segregation (P < 0.001 and P = 0.012, respectively). Limitations, reasons for caution About 1400 blastocysts were not diagnosed in the 2871 cycles, which might cause bias in the results. Secondly, the interchromosomal effect of reciprocal translocations was not analyzed in this study. Wider implications of the findings In conclusion, a carrier’s gender, involvement of an Acr-ch, and location of breakpoints may influence the segregation patterns. Besides, involvement of an Acr-ch, female gender, and lower TAR1 are independent risk factors for alternate segregation. These results may provide more appropriate genetic counseling for couples with balanced translocation. Trial registration number no

scholarly journals Sleeping During the First Wave: Demographic, Psychological, Chronobiological, and Work-Related Predictors of Sleep Disturbances Throughout the COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Salfi ◽  
Marco Lauriola ◽  
Aurora D'Atri ◽  
Giulia Amicucci ◽  
Lorenzo Viselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Delayed Sleep Phase ◽  
Delayed Sleep

Abstract The first COVID-19 contagion wave caused unprecedented restraining measures worldwide. In Italy, a period of generalized lockdown involving home confinement of the entire population was imposed for almost two months (9 March–3 May 2020). The present is the most extensive investigation aimed to unravel the demographic, psychological, chronobiological, and work-related predictors of sleep disturbances throughout the pandemic emergency. A total of 13989 Italians completed a web-based survey during the confinement period (25 March–3 May). We collected demographic and lockdown-related work changes information, and we evaluated sleep quality, insomnia and depression symptoms, chronotype, perceived stress, and anxiety using validated questionnaires. The majority of the respondents reported a negative impact of confinement on their sleep and a delayed sleep phase. We highlighted an alarming prevalence of sleep disturbances during the lockdown. Main predictors of sleep disturbances identified by regression models were: female gender, advanced age, being a healthcare worker, living in southern Italy, confinement duration, and a higher level of depression, stress, and anxiety. The circadian evening preference turned out as a vulnerability factor, while morning-type individuals showed a lower predisposition to sleep and psychological problems. Finally, working from home emerged as a protective factor against the development of sleep disturbances. Besides confirming the role of specific demographic and psychological factors in developing sleep disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, we demonstrated circadian typologies react differently to a particular period of reduced social jetlag. Finally, our results indicated working from home promotes well-being during the current pandemic period.

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