scholarly journals Implementation of the Norwegian school meal guideline: Development and reliability of two questionnaires to measure adherence

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482097259
Author(s):  
Jorunn S. Randby ◽  
Helene Holbæk ◽  
Nanna Lien
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
After School ◽  
Cognitive Interviews ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
School Meal ◽  
School Services ◽  
Wide Range

Aims: This article reports on the development and reliability of two questionnaires that measure adherence to the Norwegian National Guideline on Food and Meals in School among primary schools and after-school services. Methods: Questionnaires for school principals and after-school leaders were developed systematically, using the following steps: (a) selection of scope, questions and adherence values; (b) face validity testing through expert review of initial drafts; (c) content validity testing through 19 cognitive interviews; (d) assessment of test–retest reliability in samples of principals ( n = 54) and after-school leaders ( n = 47); and (e) development of adherence indices. Results: The cognitive interviews led to substantial revisions of the draft questionnaires, increasing content validity through improved relevance and clarity. Test–retest assessment showed that Cohen’s κ ranged from −0.03 to 1.0 for principals and from −0.05 to 0.98 for after-school leaders, with 64 and 53% of values rated as ‘substantial’ or better. Percentage agreement averaged 85% among principals and 82% among after-school leaders. Intraclass correlation for the adherence index scores was 0.84 for principals and 0.91 for after-school leaders. Guideline adherence had a wide range in our samples, with an average of 71% for schools and 76% for after-school services. Conclusion: The questionnaires for measuring adherence to the national school meal guideline among primary schools and after-school services are sufficiently reliable for future use in public health evaluation and research.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Children's Sleep Comic

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Valipour ◽  
Minoo Kalantari ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Tabatabaee
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Children’S Sleep

Background: Insomnia is one of the most common sleep problems among children and is associated with a wide variety of impairments such as aggression, decreased attention and concentration, daytime sleepiness, hyperactivity, and irritability. A child with insomnia can affect the whole family. It is important to assess insomnia and sleep behaviors of children because insomnia is not a common diagnosis in them. Children’s Sleep Comic is a questionnaire to diagnose insomnia in children aged 5-11 years, which can be completed within 20 minutes. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to translate and investigate the Persian form of Children’s Sleep Comic's content validity and reliability. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 209 children aged 5-11 years in primary schools and preschools of Tehran who were selected by random cluster sampling in 2019. The translation was done with the forward-backward method. The content validity was evaluated by 10 occupational therapists, and quantitative content validity was determined by calculating the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability via Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) among 30 children after one week as well as Standard Error of Measurement (SEM). Results: Overall, 220 children were entered into the study; however, 11 children were excluded because of missing data. The translation of Children's Sleep Comic was considered easy and acceptable. The content validity, which was assessed by CVR and CVI were desirable (0.8 and 0.8, respectively), and the internal consistency was 0.76. ICC and SEM were 0.97 and 0.02, respectively. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that the Persian version of the Children's Sleep Comic questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used for screening insomnia in Iranian children aged 5-11 years.

Development and validation of a questionnaire measuring knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) to healthy eating and activity patterns in school children (HEAPS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602098235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panchali Moitra ◽  
Preeti Verma ◽  
Jagmeet Madan
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
School Children ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Item Content ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background: Development of culturally appropriate and psychometrically sound instruments that measure knowledge and health behaviors of children will help to inform appropriate interventions. Aim: To develop and test the validity and reliability of a questionnaire measuring knowledge, attitudes, and practices to healthy eating and activity patterns in school children in India. Methods: Review of literature, focus-group discussions, and theoretical constructs of the Health Belief Model guided the development of an item pool. Face and content validity were assessed by children and a panel of experts and the item content validity, item difficulty, and discrimination indices were calculated. Construct validity was determined using the principal axis method of exploratory factor analysis among a cross-sectional sample of children ( n=252). Internal consistency (Cronbach α values >0.7) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient values >0.75) were estimated. Results: Item content validity index for clarity and relevance were satisfactory (>0.80) and internal consistency for knowledge (Kuder-Richardson 20 = 0.832), attitude (Cronbach’s α = 0.912), and practice items (Cronbach’s α = 0.769) were good. Four factors (children’s eating habits, family dietary practices, and consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods) and two factors (moderate to vigorous activities and sedentary activities) explained 67.7% and 48.2% of the total variance in practice items. Intraclass correlation coefficient estimates ranged from good to excellent (0.72–0.99). Conclusions: The results of the validity and reliability of the 84-item knowledge, attitudes, and practices to healthy eating and activity patterns in schoolchildren questionnaire were promising. The detailed description of the methodology employed may prove useful to researchers conducting similar studies in children.

Development and Validation of a New Scoring Tool to Evaluate the Clinical Evolution of Adult Patients with Nonsegmental Vitiligo

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
María Luisa Peralta-Pedrero ◽  
Denisse Herrera-Bringas ◽  
Karla Samantha Torres-González ◽  
Martha Alejandra Morales-Sánchez ◽  
Fermín Jurado Santa-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Clinical Evolution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Extreme Groups

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Vitiligo has an unpredictable course and a variable response to treatment. Furthermore, the improvement of some vitiligo lesions cannot be considered a guarantee of a similar response to the other lesions. Instruments for patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) can be an alternative to measure complex constructions such as clinical evolution. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of this study was to validate a PROM that allows to measure the clinical evolution of patients with nonsegmental vitiligo in a simple but standardized way that serves to gather information for a better understanding of the disease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The instrument was created through expert consensus and patient participation. For the validation study, a prospective cohort design was performed. The body surface area affected was measured with the Vitiligo Extension Score (VES), the extension, the stage, and the spread by the evaluation of the Vitiligo European Task Force assessment (VETFa). Reliability was determined with test-retest, construct validity through hypothesis testing, discriminative capacity with extreme groups, and response capacity by comparing initial and final measurements. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eighteen semi-structured interviews and 7 cognitive interviews were conducted, and 4 dermatologists were consulted. The instrument Clinical Evolution-Vitiligo (CV-6) was answered by 119 patients with a minimum of primary schooling. A wide range was observed in the affected body surface; incident and prevalent cases were included. The average time to answer the CV-6 was 3.08 ± 0.58 min. In the test-retest (<i>n</i> = 53), an intraclass correlation coefficient was obtained: 0.896 (95% CI 0.82–0.94; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). In extreme groups, the mean score was 2 (2–3) and 5 (4–6); <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001. The initial CV-6 score was different from the final one and the change was verified with VES and VETFa (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05, <i>n</i> = 92). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The CV-6 instrument allows patient collaboration, it is simple and brief, and it makes it easier for the doctor to focus attention on injuries that present changes at the time of medical consultation.

Initial development of the Dance Imagery Questionnaire for Children (DIQ-C): establishing content validity

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Muir ◽  
Krista Munroe-Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Cognitive Interviews ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Expert Rating ◽  
Content Relevance ◽  
Phase Study ◽  
Initial Item ◽  
Item Content ◽  
Dance Imagery

AbstractGiven the differences between young dancers’ and adult dancers’ use of imagery, a valid and reliable questionnaire specific to young dancers was necessary. The current study is the first phase of a multi-phase study in the development of the Dance Imagery Questionnaire for Children (DIQ-C). Specifically, the purpose of this study was to establish content validity of the DIQ-C. This was achieved through the following three stages: (1) definition, item, and scale development, (2) assessment of item clarity and appropriateness via cognitive interviews, and (3) assessment of item-content relevance via an expert rating panel. Guided by previous qualitative research with young dancers, 46 items representing seven subscales (i.e., imagery types) were developed. The initial item pool was then implemented during cognitive interviews with 16 dancers (15 females; Mage=10.63, SD=1.82), which led to the removal of 13 items and the modification of 21 items. Consequently, the revised 33-item pool was then administered to an expert panel of four imagery researchers and four dance instructors to measure item-content relevance. This resulted in the removal of eight items, the revision of four items, and the merging of two subscales. Overall, the current study provides content validity evidence for a 25-item pool (representing five subscales) to be used in further development of the DIQ-C (i.e., identifying and establishing factor structure).

scholarly journals The Iranian version of theory-based intention for cesarean section (IR-TBICS) scale: development and first evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Abolhassan Naghibi ◽  
Maryam Khazaee-Pool ◽  
Mahmood Moosazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses

Abstract Background The rate at which mothers experience a cesarean section in the absence of medical signs is growing worldwide. Women’s beliefs and intentions play an essential role in the request or choice of a delivery method. At present, there is no comprehensive, validated scale for assessing pregnant women’s beliefs about cesarean section in the Iranian population. This study was performed to develop and assess the validity and reliability of the intention-based cesarean section scale using the theory of reasoned action (TRA) constructs as a theoretical framework for measuring intention toward the selection of a delivery method. Methods In this cross-sectional validation study, 480 pregnant women were recruited from Sari, in northern Iran, through a multistage random sampling approach. Content validity was examined using the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). Furthermore, both exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were applied to assess the construct validity of the developed scale. Reliability was measured by internal consistency and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Quality criteria for floor and ceiling effects were derived from existing guidelines and consensus within our research group. Results The results obtained from the factor analysis showed that the data were fit to the model (χ2 = 2298.389, P < 0.001). The TRA comprised 24 items assessing five domains, which described 62.46% of the common variance. The CFA showed a model with suitable fitness for the data. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the domains of the scale ranged from 0.609 to 0.843, and the ICC value ranged from 0.71 to 0.84, which is within the satisfactory range. The IR-TBICS scale had no floor or ceiling effect on the total score or any of the dimensions. Conclusions The belief-based cesarean section scale appears to be a reliable instrument. It is considered suitable and can be applied in other research in Iran.

Model Child Care Health Policies

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Early Education ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
After School ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Care Health ◽  
Child Care Facilities

Significantly revised and updated, the new Model Child Care Health Policies, 5th Edition is a must-have tool to foster adoption and implemenation of best practices for health and safety in group care settings for young children. These settings include early care and education as well as before and after school child care programs. These model policies are intended to ease the burden of writing site-specific health and safety policies from scratch. They cover a wide range of aspects of operation of early education and child care programs. Child care programs of any type can use Model Child Care Health Policies by selecting relevant issues for their operation and modifying the wording to make selected policies appropriate to the specific settings. These settings include early education and child care centers, small and large family child care homes, part day-programs for ill children, facilities that serve children with special needs, school-age child care facilities, and drop-in facilities. The model policies can be adapted for public, private, Head Start, and tuition-funded facilities. All of the most commonly covered health and safety topics the National Association of Child Care Resource and Referral Agencies found in state regulations are included in this guide.

scholarly journals A phenomenological model that predicts forces generated when electrical stimulation is superimposed on submaximal volitional contractions

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1595-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramu Perumal ◽  
Anthony S. Wexler ◽  
Trisha M. Kesar ◽  
Angela Jancosko ◽  
Yocheved Laufer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Force Response ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Central Nervous System Impairment ◽  
Voluntary Contractions ◽  
Functional Movements ◽  
Improve Muscle Strength ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris Muscles

Superimposition of electrical stimulation during voluntary contractions is used to produce functional movements in individuals with central nervous system impairment, to evaluate the ability to activate a muscle, to characterize the nature of fatigue, and to improve muscle strength during postsurgical rehabilitation. Currently, the manner in which voluntary contractions and electrically elicited forces summate is not well understood. The objective of the present study is to develop a model that predicts the forces obtained when electrical stimulation is superimposed on a volitional contraction. Quadriceps femoris muscles of 12 able-bodied subjects were tested. Our results showed that the total force produced when electrical stimulation was superimposed during a volitional contraction could be modeled by the equation T = V + S[(MaxForce − V)/MaxForce]N, where T is the total force produced, V is the force in response to volitional contraction alone, S is the force response to the electrical stimulation alone, MaxForce is the maximum force-generating ability of the muscle, and N is a parameter that we posit depends on the differences in the motor unit recruitment order and firing rates between volitional and electrically elicited contractions. In addition, our results showed that the model predicted accurately (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.97) the total force in response to a wide range of stimulation intensities and frequencies superimposed on a wide range of volitional contraction levels. Thus the model will be helpful to clinicians and scientists to predict the amount of stimulation needed to produce the targeted force levels in individuals with partial paralysis.

scholarly journals Exploring Dimensions of Teachers’ OCB from Stakeholder’s Perspective: A Study in India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musarrat Shaheen ◽  
Ritu Gupta ◽  
Y.L.N Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
After School ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Role Behavior ◽  
School Services ◽  
School Based ◽  
Job Behaviors

Parents are real beneficiaries of school services. Their involvement in school based activities has changed the role breadth of teachers. Schools can handle this parental involvement through the extra-role behaviors of teachers. These beyond the job behaviors or organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) of teachers are crucial for the schools. Despite the prescribed roles and duties, the schools cannot predict and infer through formally stated in-role job description, the entire range of extra-role behavior exhibited by teachers during and after school. In this study, teacher’s role breadth is examined under the broad spectrum of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) which resulted into a conceptual model on the determinants of teacher’s OCB. A qualitative evaluation (grounded theory) of 40 interviews has been conducted with all the stakeholders of school in India viz., principals, fellow-teachers, students, and parents. The most striking finding is that teachers are displaying prosocial behavior. Teacher’s OCB is found to have three determinants—OCB-Individual, OCB-Organization and OCB-Prosocial. Involvement of parents in school are redesigning and affecting the actions of teacher. Further, the implications and directions for future research have also been discussed.

scholarly journals SAUDI CHILDREN’S TAXONOMIC KNOWLEDGE OF ANIMAL SPECIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayadh Hamed Alanazi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
International Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Islamic Science

The purpose of this research was to explore and compare the ideas of Saudi boys and girls on animal species. Eighty-four children (comprising 42 boys and 42 girls), aged nine years, from four primary schools, participated in structured interviews to determine their ideas pertaining to taxonomic labels, namely ‘animal’, ‘fish’, ‘amphibian’, ‘reptile’, ‘bird’, ‘mammal’, and ‘insect’. The results demonstrated that Saudi children of both genders display a wide range of alternative conceptions; more specifically, the effect of gender was significant for all taxonomic vertebrate labels, suggesting that Saudi boys have better knowledge relating to animals than girls. However, generally, children did not have adequate forms of reasoning for biological classification. It was also found that none of the fourth graders thought of humans as animals due to the Islamic science worldview. Based on these findings, it is argued that science education, notably in an international context, should strive to incorporate an understanding of local values and beliefs. Keywords: early year's science, animal taxonomy, socio-cultural perspective, Islamic science worldview

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