scholarly journals Mortality trends for young adults in Sweden in the years 2000–2017

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110008
Author(s):  
Gunnar Ågren ◽  
Sven Bremberg
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Be The Change

Aim: Mental health problems in young people seem to be on the rise and more so in Sweden than in other locations. The aim was to compare the development of mortality rates for young adults in Sweden with Western Europe in total. Methods: Young adults were defined as individuals aged 20–34 years and the study period was 2000–2017. Mortality data were derived from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation. Results: During the period 2000–2017, the mortality rate in young adults in Sweden stayed about the same, while in Western Europe as a whole the mortality rate decreased by 42%. The leading explanation for the unfavourable Swedish development was deaths due to drug use, mainly opioids, which increased by 60% during this period. The other major causes of death decreased both in Sweden and Western Europe, but decreased more slowly in Sweden. The differences in the rate of decrease between Sweden and Western Europe were for self-harm (27%), transport injuries (12%), unintentional injuries (31%) and for neoplasms (23%). The unfavourable development in Sweden resembled the development in the USA. Conclusions: The risks of four of the five leading causes of death in this age group were affected by the individuals’ social conditions. The unfavourable mortality development in young adults in Sweden was mainly due to substance use. A contributing cause might be the change in the Swedish healthcare system that introduced competition between providers, which might have encouraged providers to prescribe opioids.

scholarly journals Male Mortality Trends in the United States, 1900-2010: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-160
Author(s):  
Wanda K. Jones ◽  
Robert A. Hahn ◽  
R. Gibson Parrish ◽  
Steven M. Teutsch ◽  
Man-Huei Chang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
White Males

Objectives: Male mortality fell substantially during the past century, and major causes of death changed. Building on our recent analysis of female mortality trends in the United States, we examined all-cause and cause-specific mortality trends at each decade from 1900 to 2010 among US males. Methods: We conducted a descriptive study of age-adjusted death rates (AADRs) for 11 categories of disease and injury stratified by race (white, nonwhite, and, when available, black), the excess of male mortality over female mortality ([male AADR − female AADR]/female AADR), and potential causes of persistent excess of male mortality. We used national mortality data for each decade. Results: From 1900 to 2010, the all-cause AADR declined 66.4% among white males and 74.5% among nonwhite males. Five major causes of death in 1900 were pneumonia and influenza, heart disease, stroke, tuberculosis, and unintentional nonmotor vehicle injuries; in 2010, infectious conditions were replaced by cancers and chronic lower respiratory diseases. The all-cause excess of male mortality rose from 9.1% in 1900 to 65.5% in 1980 among white males and a peak of 63.7% in 1990 among nonwhite males, subsequently falling among all groups. Conclusion: During the last century, AADRs among males declined more slowly than among females. Although the gap diminished in recent decades, exploration of social and behavioral factors may inform interventions that could further reduce death rates among males.

scholarly journals Recent adverse mortality trends in Scotland: comparison with other high-income countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda Fenton ◽  
Jon Minton ◽  
Julie Ramsay ◽  
Maria Kaye-Bardgett ◽  
Colin Fischbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
High Income ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
List Type ◽  
Segmented Regression ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
The Usa

AbstractObjectiveGains in life expectancy have faltered in several high-income countries in recent years. We aim to compare life expectancy trends in Scotland to those seen internationally, and to assess the timing of any recent changes in mortality trends for Scotland.SettingAustria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, England & Wales, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Poland, Scotland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USA.MethodsWe used life expectancy data from the Human Mortality Database (HMD) to calculate the mean annual life expectancy change for 24 high-income countries over five-year periods from 1992 to 2016, and the change for Scotland for five-year periods from 1857 to 2016. One- and two-break segmented regression models were applied to mortality data from National Records of Scotland (NRS) to identify turning points in age-standardised mortality trends between 1990 and 2018.ResultsIn 2012-2016 life expectancies in Scotland increased by 2.5 weeks/year for females and 4.5 weeks/year for males, the smallest gains of any period since the early 1970s. The improvements in life expectancy in 2012-2016 were smallest among females (<2.0 weeks/year) in Northern Ireland, Iceland, England & Wales and the USA and among males (<5.0 weeks/year) in Iceland, USA, England & Wales and Scotland. Japan, Korea, and countries of Eastern Europe have seen substantial gains in the same period. The best estimate of when mortality rates changed to a slower rate of improvement in Scotland was the year to 2012 Q4 for males and the year to 2014 Q2 for females.ConclusionLife expectancy improvement has stalled across many, but not all, high income countries. The recent change in the mortality trend in Scotland occurred within the period 2012-2014. Further research is required to understand these trends, but governments must also take timely action on plausible contributors.Strengths and limitations of this studyThe use of five-year time periods for comparison of life expectancy changes reduces the influence of year-to-year variation on observations.Examining long-term trends addresses concerns that recent life expectancy stalling may be over-emphasised due to notably large gains in the immediately preceding period.The international comparison was limited to the 24 high-income countries for which data were readily available for the relevant period.Analysis of trend data will always be sensitive to the period selected, however segmented regression of the full period of mortality rates available offers an objective method of identifying the timing of a change in trend.

scholarly journals Why do young children die in the UK? A comparison with Sweden

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 928-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parag Tambe ◽  
Helen M Sammons ◽  
Imti Choonara
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
National Board ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Child Mortality Rate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundThe UK has a high child mortality rate, whereas Sweden's is lower (under-five mortality rates of five and three, respectively, in 2011).We therefore wished to compare causes of death in young children aged <5 years in the two countries.MethodsUnder-five mortality data were obtained from the Office of National Statistics for each of the individual countries within the UK for 3 years (2006–2008). Data for Sweden for the same period were obtained from the National Board of Health and Welfare. Causes of death were compared statistically using χ2 test.ResultsThere were a total of 14 104 and 1036 deaths aged <5 years in the UK and Sweden, respectively, between 2006 and 2008. The total numbers of live births during the same period were 2 295 964 and 315 884, respectively. The overall mortality rate in the UK was 614 per 100 000 children which was significantly higher than that in Sweden (328; p<0.001). The mortality rates for the three main causes of death in the UK (prematurity, congenital malformations and infections) were 138.5, 112.1 and 63.9, respectively, per 100 000 children. The mortality rates for the same three conditions in Sweden were 10.1, 88.6 and 34.8, respectively. They were all significantly more frequent in the UK than in Sweden (p<0.001), as were the majority of the disorders. Treatable infections, such as pneumonia, meningitis and septicaemia, in both neonates and young children had significantly higher mortality rates in the UK than in Sweden (p<0.001).ConclusionsIn order to reduce the mortality rate in the UK, we need to try and reduce the causes of prematurity. Additionally, the care of children with treatable infections should be reviewed to understand ways in which to reduce the differences in mortality seen.

scholarly journals Mortality from Surgical Conditions in Children: An Insight from a Tertiary-Level Government Hospital in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Tanvir Kabir Chowdhury ◽  
S. M. Humayun Kabir ◽  
Md. Abdullah Al Farooq ◽  
Md. Khurshid Alam Sarwar ◽  
Rajib Khastagir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Oesophageal Atresia ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Posterior Urethral Valves ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Surgical Conditions

Aims: While the developed world has significantly reduced mortality from surgical conditions in children, there is lack of adequate data on the outcome of children’s surgical conditions in the developing world. This study aims at assessing the spectrum of mortalities from children’s surgical conditions in a low-middle income country (LMIC). Methods: Mortality data were collected for a period of 12 years (2008 to 2019) among 0 to12-year old children to analyse the diseases which had higher mortality trends, age -group specific mortality trends and categorize those according to body system. Results: Among a total of 30,301 admitted children, 1228 (4.05%) patients died. Among them 53.01% were neonates, 20.28% were infants and 26.71% were children.  Male to female ratio was 1.95:1. Mortality from neonatal surgical conditions was 24.21%. Infant mortality rate was 5.65% and child mortality rate was 1.41%. Neonatal surgical admission and mortality had a higher yearly trend. Anorectal malformation (ARM) was the most common cause of death (12.05%), followed by intestinal obstruction (11.40%) and gastroschisis (8.63%). Tracheo-oesophageal fistula/ oesophageal atresia (TOF/OA) had the highest mortality rate (83.33%), followed by gastroschisis (80.92%) and intestinal atresia (42.535) among the respective admissions. Other important causes of mortality were jejuno-ileal atresia (5.37%), trauma (5.05%), Hirschsprung disease (4.64%), intestinal perforation (4.48%), omphalocele (4.15%), burn (4.07%) and posterior urethral valves (PUV), 3.58%.   Conclusion: Overall mortality rate was much higher than developed countries and lower than some African countries. Neonatal mortality rate was very high and among them TOF/OA and gastroschisis had extremely high mortality rates.

Mortality and Causes of Death in Children with Sickle Cell Disease in the Netherlands.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 1519-1519
Author(s):  
Evelyn M. van der Plas ◽  
Xandra W. van den Tweel ◽  
Harriët Heijboer ◽  
Ronald B. Geskus ◽  
B. J. Biemond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Neonatal Screening ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Abstract 1519 Poster Board I-542 Introduction Despite the increasing incidence of sickle cell disease (SCD) in the Netherlands, mortality among this patient group has never been investigated. Studies on mortality in patients with SCD from the USA demonstrated that survival at the age of 20 years has improved from 79% for those born before 1975 to 89% in patients born after 1975. A recent study in the USA (2004) reflects the benefits of modern comprehensive care for SCD patients as survival increased to 94% by 18 years of age. The aim of this study was to collect information on the mortality rate and causes of death of children with SCD living in the Netherlands that were born before nationwide neonatal screening was implemented in 2007. This information is essential to provide a baseline for monitoring the effect of health care interventions, such as the introduction of nationwide neonatal screening. Causes of death may provide insight in areas where further improvement in the healthcare for SCD patients should be implemented. Patients and Methods All patients that were diagnosed with sickle cell disease (HbSS, HBSC, HbS-beta0, HbS-beta+) before the age of 18 years at the laboratory of the Academic Medical Center (AMC) in Amsterdam in 1985-2006 were included in the study. The AMC is one of the two large comprehensive care centers in the Netherlands, providing care to 30-40% of all Dutch SCD patients. Patients were followed from the time point of diagnosis onwards. Vital status at the end of study was determined by the last hospital visit or personal contact between January 2007 and March 2008. The causes of death were derived from hospital records. Survival estimates were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Results In this time period we identified 298 pediatric patients with SCD. Homozygous sickle cell disease (HbSS) was present in 189 (63%) patients. The total time of follow-up was 2621 patient years. Twenty four patients (8%) were lost to follow up. The median age of the patients at the end of the observation period was 14.5 years (IQR 8.7-21.0 years). Twelve patients had died and all deaths were SCD related. Stroke (3 patients; 25%) and sepsis/meningitis (3 patients; 25%) were the most common causes of death. Four children (33%) died under 3 years of age. In two of them, death coincided or occurred shortly after the diagnosis of SCD. Three patients (25%) were between 3-18 years and 5 patients (42%) were older than 18 years at the time of death. A similar proportion of patients with the HbSS and HbSC genotype died (respectively 4.2% (95% CI: 1.9-7.9%) and 4.2% (95% CI: 1.0-10.8%)). The overall mortality rate was 0.46 deaths (95% CI: 0.25-0.77) per 100 patient years. The estimated survival rate of children with SCD at the age of three years was 93% (95% CI: 87-100%). At the age of 18 the survival was 91% (95% CI: 84 -99%). Discussion The fact that a similar proportion of patients with the HbSS and HbSC genotype died is striking, as HbSC generally has a milder phenotype than HbSS. In the absence of a neonatal screening program, early death from severe infection may have contributed to a relatively high mortality in HbSC patients. Although the estimated survival at the age of 18 years is comparable to recent findings in a neonatally screened cohort from the USA, the mortality rate of 0.46 deaths per 100 patient years is high in comparison to the mortality rate of 0.13 per 100 patient years in an East London cohort of SCD patients. This may partly be explained by a younger age of this East London cohort (median 7.8 years). However, the benefits of a longer standing neonatal screening program within the UK is likely to contribute to the low mortality rate in the East London cohort as well.Conclusions: In children with SCD living in the Netherlands, born before nationwide neonatal screening was implemented in 2007, 91% survives until the age of 18. Infection and stroke are the most common causes of death. Further study of children with SCD born after 2007, when neonatal screening was implemented, will elucidate whether neonatal screening for SCD has improved survival in these patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The Association of Psoriatic Arthritis with All-Cause Mortality and Leading Causes of Death in Psoriatic Arthritis

2021 ◽  
pp. jrheum.210159
Author(s):  
Amir Haddad ◽  
Walid Saliba ◽  
Idit Lavi ◽  
Amin Batheesh ◽  
Samir Kasem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
General Population ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Objective To examine the association between PsA and all-cause mortality from a populationbased large database. Methods PsA Patients from the Clalit Health database were identified between 2003-2018 and matched to 4 controls by age, sex, ethnicity and index date. Patient's Demographics, comorbidities and treatments were extracted. Mortality data was obtained from the Notification of Death form. The proportionate mortality rate (PMR) of the leading causes of death was calculated and compared to the general population. Cox-proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the crude and the multivariate adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the association between PsA and all-cause mortality and for factors associated with mortality within the PsA group. Results 5275 PsA patients and 21,011 controls were included and followed for 7.2±4.4 years. The mean age was 51.7±15.4 years, and 53% were females. 38.2% of PsA patients were on biologics. 471(8.9%) patients died in the PsA group compared to 1,668(7.9%) in the control group. The crude HR for the association of PsA and allcause mortality was 1.16 (95%CI 1.042-1.29) and 1.02 (95%CI 0.90-1.15) on multivariate analysis. Malignancy was the leading cause of death (26%), followed by ischemic heart disease (15.8%) in keeping with the order in the general population. Older age, male sex, lower socioeconomic status, increased body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index scores and history psoriasis or hospitalization during 1- year prior to entry were positive predictors for mortality. Conclusion No clinically relevant increase in mortality rate was observed in PsA patients, specific PMRs were similar to the general population.

scholarly journals Decline of coronary heart disease mortality is strongly effected by changing patterns of underlying causes of death: an analysis of mortality data from 27 countries of the WHO European region 2000 and 2013

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Stolpe ◽  
Bernd Kowall ◽  
Andreas Stang
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Underlying Causes

AbstractMortality rates for coronary heart disease (CHD) experience a longstanding decline, attributed to progress in prevention, diagnostics and therapy. However, CHD mortality rates vary between countries. To estimate whether national patterns of causes of death impact CHD mortality, data from the WHO “European detailed mortality database” for 2000 and 2013 for populations aged ≥ 80 years was analyzed. We extracted mortality rates for total mortality, cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, dementia and ill-defined causes. We calculated proportions of selected causes of death among all deaths, and proportions of selected cardiovascular causes among cardiovascular deaths. CHD mortality rates were recalculated after re-coding ill-defined causes of death. Association between CHD mortality rates and proportions of CHD deaths was estimated by population-weighted linear regression. National patterns of causes of death were divers. In 2000, CHD was assigned as cause of death in 13–53% of all cardiovascular deaths. Until 2013, this proportion changed between − 65% (Czech Republic) and + 57% (Georgia). Dementia was increasingly assigned as underlying cause of death in Western Europe, but rarely in eastern European countries. Ill-defined causes accounted for between < 1% and 53% of all cardiovascular deaths. CHD mortality rates were closely linked to a countries’ proportion of cardiovascular deaths assigned to CHD (R2 = 0.95 for 2000 and 0.99 for 2013). We show that CHD mortality is considerably influenced by national particularities in certifying death. Changes in CHD mortality rates reflect changes in certifying competing underlying causes of death. This must be accounted for when discussing reasons for the CHD mortality decline.

Mortality trends in external causes of death in people with mental health disorders in Sweden, 1987–2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Hällgren ◽  
Urban Ösby ◽  
Jeanette Westman ◽  
Mika Gissler
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Main Diagnosis ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Bipolar Mood Disorder ◽  
External Causes

Aim: We investigated mortality from external causes in Swedish people who had been hospitalised with a severe mental disorder. Methods: Hospitalisations in people aged 15 years or older admitted to hospital with a main diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar mood disorder or unipolar mood disorder between 1987 and 2010 were linked to their causes of death. Results: The mortality rate from all external causes was 20-fold higher in those with unipolar mood disorder, 15-fold higher in those with bipolar disorder and 12-fold higher in those with schizophrenia than in the general population. Over the study periods, the mortality rate declined more for people with unipolar mood disorder (−35%) and schizophrenia (−29%) than the total population (−25%) and those with bipolar mood disorder (−15%). The suicide rate declined most for those with unipolar mood disorder and schizophrenia (−42% for both) and less for the general population (−37%) and those with bipolar mood disorder (−21%). For external causes other than suicide, the mortality rate declined in the general population (−17%) but increased in people with schizophrenia (14%), bipolar mood disorder (30%) and unipolar mood disorder (52%). Conclusions: People with mental disorders have high but declining excess mortality from suicide. Mortality from other external causes has increased, as has the gap in mortality rates between psychiatric patients and the general population.

scholarly journals Ten-Year Mortality Trends and Natural Causes of Death in the Iraqi Kurdistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Shahla O. Salih ◽  
Stefania Moramarco ◽  
Daniele Di Giovanni ◽  
Sivar A. Qadir ◽  
Haveen H. Alsilefanee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Reported Data

Background: Mortality and causes of death are among the most important statistics used in assessing the effectiveness of a country’s health system. Several countries do not have information systems for collecting these data, and they must therefore be estimated from surveys. Objective: This study analyzes mortality data retrieved from official government databases in Iraqi Kurdistan to describe ten-year trends in natural causes of death. Methods: Data for natural causes of death, reported from 2009 to 2018, were extracted from the databases of the Registration Bureau of Births and Deaths and of the Forensic Medicine of the Province of Sulaymaniyah. A sample of 16,433 causes of death was analyzed. Results: Causes of death were coded according to the ICD-10 classification. Overall, cardiovascular diseases were the leading cause of mortality (52.6%), followed by neoplasms (17.7%), infectious and parasitic diseases (8.9%), and genitourinary diseases (6.3%). Neonatal conditions, congenital anomalies, and neurological conditions each accounted for less than 1% each. Numbers of natural deaths by cause and cause-specific mortality rates have been estimated for the entire Region of Iraqi Kurdistan. Comparisons with other sources suggest that there is a substantial amount of underreporting, especially in relation to deaths of infants and under-five children. Conclusion: Our findings confirm that the region is facing a burden of non-communicable diseases, coupled with high proportions of infectious diseases. However, the lack of effective vital statistics with combined under-reported data collection highlights the need for implementation of health monitoring systems. Advancements in generating high-quality data are essential in improving health and reducing preventable deaths. The establishment of a novel Health Information System is discussed.

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