Unbefriended, Uninvited: How End-of-Life Doulas Can Address Ethical and Procedural Gaps for Unrepresented Patients and Ensure Equal Access to the “Good Death”

2021 ◽  
pp. 147775092110572
Author(s):  
Adele Flaherty ◽  
Anna Meurer
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Good Death ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Treatment Delays ◽  
The Public ◽  
Decision Making Capacity ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Quality Of Death

In response to a global population with increasingly complex issues at the end of life, a movement in the U.S. has emerged incorporating doulas into end-of-life care. These end-of-life (EOL) doulas are not just focused on the quality of life, but also the quality of death. Like birth doulas, who provide support for pregnant patients and their families, EOL doulas help alleviate physical and mental discomfort in those who are dying. In this paper, we explore the role of EOL doulas in improving the care of unrepresented patients, who lack decision-making capacity and have no surrogates or documents to guide their healthcare decisions. We argue that EOL doulas may help this traditionally underserved population experience a “good death” by answering several ethical and procedural challenges. As quasi-independent, non-medical members of the healthcare team, they provide a balancing, advocating voice on behalf of the patient, and may also help reduce inappropriate treatment, delays in care, and the overburdening of the public guardianship system. As such, attention should be given to formally defining their place within the healthcare infrastructure. Ultimately, we contend that EOL doulas are key to ensuring optimal, ethical care for unrepresented patient populations.

Evolution of the public administration system. The Republic of Estonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-118
Author(s):  
YANA TOOM ◽  
◽  
VALENTINA V. KOMLEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Administration System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic

The article studies the main stages and features of the evolution of the public administration system in the Republic of Estonia after 1992. This paper presents brief geographical and socio-economic characteristics that largely determine the development of the country’s public administration. The evolution of the institution of the presidency, executive, and legislative powers are considered. The role of parliament and mechanisms for coordinating the interests of different groups of the population for the development of the country is especially emphasized. The authors analyze the state and administrative reforms of recent years, which were aimed at improving the quality of services provided to the population, increasing the competitiveness of different parts of Estonia, as well as optimizing public spending and management structure. The introduction of digital technologies into the sphere of public administration, healthcare, education, and the social sphere is of a notable place. Such phenomena as e-residency, e-federation, and other digital projects are considered. The development of a digital system of interstate interaction between Estonia and Finland made it possible to create the world’s first e-federation, and the digitization of all strategically important information and its transfer to cloud storage speaks of the creation of the world’s first e-residency, a special residence of data outside the country’s borders to ensure digital continuity and statehood in the event of critical malfunctions or external threats.

Deliberation in Communication Studies

2018 ◽  
pp. 501-517
Author(s):  
John Gastil ◽  
Laura Black
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Public Sphere

The discipline of communication encompasses a broad spectrum of humanistic, interpretive, and social scientific approaches to studying public deliberation. Early work engaged Habermasian theories of the public sphere, and rhetorical scholarship has foregrounded the deliberative threads running back to the discipline’s earliest history in ancient Greece. The bulk of contemporary work, however, has examined the dynamics of deliberation, particularly in the context of face-to-face discussions and dialogues in small groups. These studies have revealed the importance of narrative and dialogic exchanges during deliberation, as well as the critical role of facilitation and the maintenance of deliberative norms. Research has also assessed the practical consequences of participating in deliberation. The discipline’s practical orientation has led some scholars to seek ways to optimize deliberative designs to maximize simultaneously the quality of their decision outputs and their civic impacts on participants.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Melalui Pelatihan Peranan Humas bagi Anggota Polresta Tangerang

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Heriyanti Heriyanti ◽  
◽  
Ummanah Ummanah ◽  
Resman Maharul Tambunan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Media Relations ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Security Guards ◽  
The Government

The rapid technology development and information made public (community) being so critical to the policies was taken by the government. This requires police institution to maintain of security guards, public order, enforce the law, provides protection, aegis and service to the community. Public Relations (PR) is an agency which have a duty to understand and evaluate a variety of public opinion in order to help to create harmony between particular agencies with the public. In order to increase quality of human resources in Police Department are required personnel with the ability in resolving problems the happens in society. In resolving these problems, that needed cooperation between police department, college and the community. The contribution of college to police department and the community with conducting the devotion to the community in cooperation Polresta Tangerang. The method in use in devotion community is by providing training of the role of public relations to Polresta Tangerang members through zoom cloud meeting. The role of public relations training aimed at giving public knowledge include similarity in communication, public relations function, basic principles of public relations, the management of the community and management of media relations may be good quality police. The evaluation of the training be concluded that the training that performed capable of increase understanding participants on the role of public relations.

scholarly journals PERANAN PIMPINAN TERHADAP TINGKAT KINERJA APARATUR PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN BONE BOLANGO

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muh Firyal Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Source ◽  
District Government

This research is motivated by the leadership role of the aperture on the performance of the District Social Welfare Section of Bone Bolango, and addressing what led to the apparaturs can not improve its performance. Location / object of research in the Social Welfare Section of Bone Bolango District Secretariat, the research method used is descriptive qualitative data sources from the observation, interviews, and documentation. Informants were interviewed 6 (six) in the form of Deputy. Section, and staff,. Data analysis was done by analysis that includes observation, identification of the problem, determine the focus of the problem, collect the data source, making the analysis of data, and making conclusions. Results of the study found the following: 1. a leader as an innovator has yet to make staff / subordinates capable of reviewing what to expect, 2. Leadership as a motivator, in this case has not been fully motivate / encourage the morale of staff, 3. Leadership as a facilitator in accordance interviews some say has not been able to realize the needs of the staff and the organization, 4. Chief said as a mobilizer, there are leaders who have not been able to steer and drive the duties and functions, so the quality of the resulting performance apparatus has not been able to realize the needs of the organization. As for the hope of Bone Bolango District Government, is where all the apparatus that is required to dedicate itself to the development of more specialized areas within the public welfare.

scholarly journals Increasing the public health potential of basic research and the scientist satisfaction. An international survey of bioscientists

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Scita ◽  
Carmen Sorrentino ◽  
Andrea Boggio ◽  
David Hemenway ◽  
Andrea Ballabeni
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Previous Survey ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Survey Results

Basic scientific research generates knowledge that has intrinsic value which is independent of future applications. Basic research may also lead to practical benefits, such as a new drug or diagnostic method.  Building on our previous study of basic biomedical and biological researchers at Harvard, we present findings from a new survey of similar scientists from three countries.  This survey asked about the scientists’ motivations, goals and perspectives along with their attitudes concerning  policies designed to increase both the practical (i.e. public health) benefits of basic research as well as their own personal satisfaction. Close to 900 basic investigators responded to the survey; results corroborate the main findings from the previous survey of Harvard scientists.  In addition, we find that most bioscientists disfavor present policies that require a discussion of the public health potential of their proposals in grants but generally favor softer policies aimed at increasing the quality of work and the potential practical benefits of basic research. In particular, bioscientists are generally supportive of those policies entailing the organization of more meetings between scientists and the general public, the organization of more academic discussion about the role of scientists in the society, and the implementation of a “basic bibliography” for each new approved drug.

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kinerja Bidan dalam Memberikan Pelayanan Antenatal Berkualitas Diwilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kota Bukittinggi Tahun 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Khairan Nisa ◽  
Joserizal Serudji ◽  
Delmi Sulastri
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
The Public ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis

Quality antenatal care has a major role in reducing maternal mortality. Every effort to improve quality must also be accompanied by efforts to pay attention to factors that contribute to improving the performance of midwives in providing services. The study used a combination of quantitative approaches in 67 midwives in the Bukittinggi and qualitatively in 15 informants, of which 9 people included in-depth interview informants to coordinator midwives, head of the Public health center and staffing and 6 FGD informants to midwives on duty at the health center.The results of quantitative data analysis, factors related to the performance of midwives are incentives, motivation and workload. Motivation is the most dominant factor related to the performance of midwives. The results of qualitative data analysis, the leadership plays an important role in increasing motivation to work midwives and optimizing the role of midwives in overcoming problems related to overlapping workloads. Midwives also need to increase their participation efforts and empower pregnant women so that programs can run well and provide positive feedback for improving the health status of pregnant women. Basically antenatal services provided by midwives are in accordance with standards, but the paradigm of antenatal care for pregnant women must shift from achieving quantity to focus on quality. To improve the performance of midwives in providing antenatal care, several efforts are needed: monitoring and evaluation of the quality of antenatal care by midwives, leadership involvement in efforts to increase midwife motivation both from supervision and reward management in non-material forms. Providing equal opportunities for midwives to improve competence through training, especially training related to quality antenatal care. In addition, the provision of infrastructure at the polindes needs attention. 

Digitalization of the main spheres of public life in modern Russia: problems and risks

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-190
Author(s):  
Mariya Viktorovna Kudryavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Information Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Key Resources

The article shows the role of the development of information and computer technologies and the process of digitalization in various spheres of public life. It is noted that in such conditions information becomes one of the key resources. It is emphasized that for the modern society in the context of accelerating scientific and technological progress, it is becoming more and more difficult to critically comprehend the constantly increasing information flows. Virtual space offers tremendous opportunities for influencing public consciousness. In the context of the issue under consideration, some negative consequences are noted, including for the evolution of the mental sphere of the population. The article demonstrates important strategic directions for the development of the information society in modern Russia. It is emphasized that the processes of digitalization of the public life spheres and the new risks associated with it pose special tasks for modern social policy, in particular, in matters of purposefully increasing the level of information culture of the population, the quality of human capital and preparing society for global technological changes.

Die Reformen des Wahlrechts zum Deutschen Bundestag 2011 und 2013 im öffentlichen Diskurs

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-864
Author(s):  
Eric Linhart ◽  
Oke Bahnsen
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Electoral Law ◽  
German Newspapers

The German electoral law to the federal parliament was reformed in 2011 and in 2013 . While political scientists have extensively evaluated consequences of these reforms, the role of the public discourse has been largely neglected . We analyze articles from three leading German newspapers (FAZ, SZ, Welt) on this topic and find the debate around the reforms to be dominated by parties and political institutions . Scientists, interest groups, and journalists have only played minor roles . Regarding content, the discourse largely focused on surplus seats, reform speed, and a proposal by the CDU/CSU‑FDP coalition government in 2011 . A broad public debate in which multiple social groups could participate has not taken place . From a normative perspective this is problematic since the lack of a public debate might have contributed to the poor quality of the reform’s result .

Conclusions: Reclaiming the Public in Policing

2019 ◽  
pp. 146-172
Author(s):  
Paul Mutsaers
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Anthropology ◽  
Public Character ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Conceptual Work

This concluding chapter synergizes the previous chapters and adds something new. Both functions are captured by the title, Reclaiming the Public in Policing. First, it argues that the empirical and conceptual work in this book points at the corrosion of the public character of policing, which results in law enforcement agencies that find it increasingly difficult to exclude politics, particularism, and populism from their operations. This part of the chapter concludes that it is imperative that we ‘unthink’ bureaucracy as the social evil of our time and revalue the public contours of policing. A second way to reclaim the ‘public’ in policing, now defined not as a quality of the police but an engaged citizenry that is involved in public debates on the police, concerns the role of police scholars in the public sphere. The chapter advocates a public anthropology of police and reflects on the author's efforts to ‘go public’.

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