Effect of ethanol on the mold filling-time and mechanical properties of woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy filled with TiO2 nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372097134
Author(s):  
Sherif M Youssef ◽  
M Megahed ◽  
Soliman S Ali-Eldin ◽  
MA Agwa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mold Filling ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Filling Time ◽  
Ethanol Addition ◽  
Woven Glass Fiber

Vacuum resin infusion (VRI) is a promising technique for manufacturing complicated structural laminates. This high viscosity of nanofilled resin increases the filling time and leads to an incomplete mold filling. The mold filling time can be reduced either by making the fiber dimensions smaller than the mold (gaps around the fibers) or by adding ethanol to nanofilled epoxy. However, ethanol addition influences the mechanical properties of composite laminates. In this study, different amounts of ethanol (0.5 wt. % and 1 wt. %) were used as a diluent to both neat epoxy and epoxy filled with (0.25 wt. %) of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. From results, it was found that ethanol addition saves the time for neat and nanofilled epoxy by 47.1% and 24.1%, respectively. It was found that adding 0.5 wt. % of ethanol to 0.25wt. % of TiO2 nanoparticles (GT0.25E0.5) enhances the tensile and flexural strength by 30.8% and 55.9%, respectively compared with neat specimens. Furthermore, the tensile and flexural moduli increased by 62% and 72.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the mold filling time was investigated experimentally and validated numerically using ANSYS FLUENT software. The mold filling time prediction using ANSYS FLUENT can be used to avoid resin gelation before the incomplete mold filling and thus can be considered a cost-effective methodology. The results showed that the gaps around the fibers reduce the time by 178% without affecting the mechanical properties.

Designing Composites for Graceful Failure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amany Micheal ◽  
Yehia Bahei-El-Din ◽  
Mahmoud E. Abd El-Latief
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Glass Carbon ◽  
Effective Product

Abstract When inevitable, failure in composite laminates is preferred to occur gracefully to avoid loss of property and possibly life. While the inherent inhomogeneity leads to slow dissipation of damage-related energy, overall failure is fiber-dominated and occurs in a rather brittle manner. Multidirectional plies usually give a more ductile response. Additionally, stiffness and strength as well as cost are important factors to consider in designing composite laminates. It is hence desirable to optimize for high mechanical properties and low cost while keeping graceful failure. Designing composite laminates with hybrid systems and layups, which permit gradual damage energy dissipation, are two ways proposed in this work to optimize for mechanical properties while avoiding catastrophic failure. In the hybrid system design, combining the less expensive glass reinforced plies with carbon reinforced plies offers a cost-effective product, marginal mechanical properties change and ductile profile upon failure. Hybrid glass/carbon composite laminates subjected to three-point bending showed strain to failure which is double that measured for carbon composite specimens, without affecting the ultimate load. Energy dissipation mechanisms were also created by building laminates which were intentionally made discontinuous by introducing cuts in the fibers of the interior plies. This created a longer path for damage before cutting through the next ply resulting in double failure strain with marginal reduction in load. The effect of fiber discontinuity in terms of spacing and distribution are among the factors considered.

Hardness, wear behavior and processing time of diluent and non-diluent nanocomposite laminates manufactured by vacuum infusion technique

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372097016
Author(s):  
Sherif M Youssef ◽  
MA Agwa ◽  
Soliman S Ali-Eldin ◽  
M Megahed
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Resin Infusion ◽  
Woven Glass Fiber ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Infusion Technique

The manufacturing of nanocomposites using the Vacuum Resin Infusion (VRI) technique can be considered a challenging task. The reason for this challenge is the high viscosity of the nanofilled resin. For large composite laminates, the nanofilled resin may be cured before complete mold filling, and thus can be considered as a waste of money. In this study, different weight fractions of TiO2 nanoparticles (0.25 wt. % and 0.5 wt. %) were added to epoxy resin. Also, different weight fractions of ethanol (0.5 wt. % and 1 wt. %) were added to both unfilled and nanofilled epoxy. The processing time, hardness, and wear behavior of the composite laminates were investigated. It was found that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles improved the hardness and wear behavior of composite laminates but the processing time was high. Also, results showed that adding a small amount of ethanol (0.5 wt. %) and 0.25 wt. % of TiO2 nanoparticles to epoxy reinforced with chopped/woven glass fiber not only reduced the processing time but also improved the hardness and wear resistance as compared to neat composite laminates. Moreover, adding 0.5 wt. % of ethanol and 0.25 wt. % of TiO2 nanoparticles to woven E-glass/epoxy (WN0.25E0.5) gives hardness and wear resistance close to that obtained with woven E-glass/epoxy filled with 0.5 wt. % of TiO2 nanoparticles (WN0.5). It is economical to manufacture WN0.25E0.5 rather than WN0.5 as the cost and processing time of WN0.25E0.5 is lower than WN0.5.

Mechanical Properties and Failure Analysis of Laminated Glass Reinforced Composite with Various Gelcoat Thickness

2016 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Y. Yuhazri ◽  
G.C.H. Nilson ◽  
Haeryip Sihombing ◽  
Mohd Edeerozey Abd Manaf
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
Different Thickness

The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties and study the failure of laminated glass reinforced composite coated with gelcoat of different thickness. Firstly, the gelcoat was applied to the mould using brush and subsequently, glass fiber reinforced composite laminates were fabricated on it using vacuum bagging technique. The mechanical properties of the composites various were tested by using tensile and three-point flexural tests. The fracture behaviour of different gelcoat thickness was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the failure behaviour that occurred. The flexural test was performed in two ways, i.e., gelcoat layer facing top and facing down. For both flexural tests, composite coated with 0.30 mm thick of gelcoat shows the highest mechanical strength. Tensile test is useful to investigate the interfacial bonding in between gelcoat and laminate composite. The composite coated with 0.40 mm of gelcoat showed the highest tensile strength, an increase of 38 % compared to the uncoated composite. It was observed that an increase in gelcoat thickness increased the brittleness of the laminated composite. From the failure analysis, failures were caused by the delamination of matrix between the plies, while the gelcoat was still strongly bonded with composite laminate.

scholarly journals Impact Response for Two Designs of Athletic Prosthetic Feet

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Mohsin N. Hamzah ◽  
Ammar S. Merza ◽  
Lamees Hussein Ali
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Prosthetic Feet ◽  
Deflection Test ◽  
Woven Glass Fiber ◽  
Test Result

The present work evaluated the differences in mechanical properties of two athletic prosthetic feet samples when subjected to impact while running. Two feet samples designated as design A and B were manufactured using layers of different orientations of woven glass fiber reinforced with unsaturated polyester resin as bonding epoxy. The samples’ layers were fabricated with hand lay-up method. A theoretical study was carried out to calculate the mechanical properties of the composite material used in feet manufacturing, then experimental load-deflection  test was applied at 0 degree position and 25 degree dorsiflexion feet position  and impact test were applied for both feet designs to observe the behavior of the feet under static and impact loading and compare properties like stiffness, efficiency, rigidity, and shock absorption at different drop angles range from 25 degrees to 60 degrees which perform the foot positions while running. The load-deflection test result shows that the maximum deflection of the proposed design B was 32.2 mm at 0° and 38.45mm at 25°. While it was 41mm at 0˚ and 39mm at 25˚ for design A. Impact test result shows that design B foot gives peak load of 128 .7 kg with a peak time of 0.06 sec, while design Afoot gives 125.32 kg peak load with a time of 0.069 sec.  

Low Velocity Impact Resistance of Hybrid Woven Glass Fiber-Carbon Fiber/Vinyl Ester Composite Laminates

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 501-505
Author(s):  
Zafarullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Glass Fiber Composites ◽  
Woven Glass Fiber ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, for the purpose of achieving enhanced mechanical properties of fiber reinforced composites, hybridized composites containing a combination of two or more types of fiber reinforcements have been explored. Perhaps the main parameter which controls the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites is the flexibility to arrange the hybrid fiber reinforcement layers in a variety of ways within the hybrid laminate. In this study, low velocity drop weight impact resistance of plain weave woven glass and carbon hybrid composites has been investigated. The study explores the effects of intra-ply arrangement sequence on the impact resistance of 24 and 32 ply laminates in which glass and the carbon plies have been differently stacked. The results show that impact resistance of woven glass fiber composites can be enhanced by hybridizing woven glass fabrics with woven carbon fabrics. The results indicate that the impact resistance is a function of the positions of the glass and carbon layers in the hybridized inter ply laminates.

scholarly journals Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Through-Thickness Strength Properties of Woven Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Laminates under Combined Tensile and Shear Loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Teruyoshi Kanno ◽  
Hiroki Kurita ◽  
Masashi Suzuki ◽  
Hitoshi Tamura ◽  
Fumio Narita
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Gfrp Composite ◽  
Woven Glass Fiber

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the through-thickness stresses of woven glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite laminates under combined tensile and shear loading. Tensile tests were carried out with cross specimens at room temperature under various stacking angles, and the through-thickness strength properties of the woven GFRP laminates were evaluated. The failure characteristics of the woven GFRP laminates were also studied by optical microscopy observations. A three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to calculate the stress distributions in the cross specimens, and the failure conditions of the specimens were examined. The numerically determined interlaminar tensile and shear stresses at failure location were consistent with Hoffman and Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria when the stacking angle was relatively small. This work is the first attempt to quantify the relation between interlaminar tensile and shear strengths of GFRP composite laminates under tensile and shear loading simultaneously using a combined numerical and experimental approach. A method based on finite element stress analysis was developed for estimating the through-thickness strength of the composite laminates using the experimentally determined fracture load and location. The results suggest that the through-thickness strength under combined tensile and shear loading can be determined effectively by this approach for relatively small stacking angles.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Woven Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composites

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahito KANIE ◽  
Hiroyuki ARIKAWA ◽  
Koichi FUJII ◽  
Seiji BAN
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Woven Glass Fiber
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