Accident Proneness in the Industrial Setting

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Mayer ◽  
Scott F. Jones ◽  
Kenneth R. Laughery
Keyword(s):  
Striking Difference ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chance Distribution ◽  
Accident Proneness ◽  
Industrial Setting ◽  
Central Notion ◽  
Safety Interventions ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Expected Values ◽  
Statistical Effects

The central notion of the accident proneness concept is that people exposed to equivalent hazards do not have an equal number of accidents. If people were equally accident prone, one would expect accidents to be distributed according to chance. Using accident data collected at Shell Oil Company's Manufacturing Complex in Deer Park, Texas, the present study explored the proneness concept for major (OSHA recordable) and minor accidents by comparing the observed distribution of accidents to a chance distribution. The database contains information on 7131 accidents which occurred between 1981 and 1986. The methodology used to create expected values employed a Poisson distribution and assumed that accidents are distributed randomly among the population at risk. The minor accident data was also analyzed by job family. Chi-square analyses of the differences between the expected and observed distributions were found to be statistically significant, including within each job family. The data for minor accidents indicates a striking difference between the expected and actual distributions. Many more people suffered repeat accidents than would be predicted by chance. Approximately 3.4% of the employees accounted for 21.5% of the accidents. While the differences for major accidents was statistically significant, these results are not nearly so striking. The statistical effects are largely due to five employees who were involved in three major accidents in the five year period. In the context of this very large industrial setting, the problem of individuals having repeated minor accidents is significant and merits attention in developing safety interventions.

Personality and Motivational Factors of U. S. Naval Academy Graduates as Indicators of Aviation Mishap Potential

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 838-842
Author(s):  
Robert A. Alkov ◽  
Michael S. Borowsky ◽  
John A. Gaynor ◽  
Karel Montor
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Naval Academy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Accident Proneness ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Naval Aviators

Although the concept of accident-proneness has fallen into disfavor because of the failure to statistically identify accident repeaters from their personality characteristics, it may be possible to predict mishap liability for those who enter a military flying career. The 16PF, Motivational Analysis Test and the Athletic Motivation Inventory administered to U. S. Naval Academy freshman classes were examined. Scores of over 1700 graduates from the classes of 1975-1981, who were subsequently designated as naval aviators, were studied. Using their flight hours and mishaps accumulated during the first two to five years of their flying careers, a mishap rate was calculated for low and high groups on each personal dimension. Scores were placed into ten stens within each dimension (e.g., reserved-outgoing) based on the standardization sampling of all U. S. college undergraduates. Due to the normal distribution of scores, stens 1 and 10 had very low numbers. Any rate based on so few cases was very unstable. One or two mishaps could change the rate dramatically. Therefore, the mishap rates were examined by grouping stens. A chi square test was used to determine if sten ranges differed significantly in their aircraft mishap rates. There were 9 of 67 dimensions in which the sten ranges differed significantly. These are discussed.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK PENGEMUDI DENGAN PERILAKU PENGGUNAAN SAFETY BELT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 765-772
Author(s):  
Yuli Astari ◽  
Lilis Banowati
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Safety Belt ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Questionnaire Research ◽  
And Behavior

Dalam perkembangan teknologi mobil sangat berperan penting bagi kehidupan manusia mobil dilengkapi  dengan perangkat  keamanan yaitu safety belt. Kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian terbesar di Indonesia.  Polda  Metro  Jaya menindak  sekitar  235 pengendara  yang  tidak menggunakan safety belt dan di Bandung pelanggaran mengenai  penggunaan  safety belt  ± 400 pelanggaran. Data kecelakaan dari Ditjen Perhubungan Darat tahun 2009 total korban kecelakaan pada tahun 2011 mencapai 176.763 orang, dengan rincian  31.185 meninggal dunia, 36.767 luka berat dan 108.811 menderita luka ringan. Menurut studi yang dilakukan oleh Institut Analisis CEESAR, mengatakan jumlah pengemudi truk yang meninggal dan terluka dalam kecelakaan lalu lintas dapat dikurangi 40% jika mereka semua menggunakan safety belt. UU No 14 tahun 1992 tentang kewajiban menggunakan safety belt, pelanggaran ini dapat dikenakan pidana kurungan 1 bulan atau denda Rp1000.000. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik pengemudi dengan perilaku penggunaan safety belt di PT Cipta Hasil Sugiarto Cirebon tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah desain cross sectional, dengan populasi seluruh pengemudi di PT Cipta Hasil Sugiarto Cirebon sebanyak 70 responden dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total populasi. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji chi square pada tingkat kemaknaan 5% (0,05).Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan antara umur dengan perilaku penggunaan safety belt (Pvalue = 0,000), tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dengan perilaku penggunan safety belt (Pvalue = 0,647), ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku penggunan safety belt (Pvalue = 0,000), tidak ada hubungan antara sikap dengan perilaku penggunan safety belt (Pvalue = 0,621) dan ada hubungan antara masa kerja dengan perilaku penggunan safety belt (Pvalue = 0,000).Kata Kunci :   Karakteristik pengemudi,  perilaku penggunaan safety belt.  ABSTRACTIn the development of automobile technology is very important for human life cars are equipped with safety devices that safety belt. Traffic accidents are one of the biggest causes of death in Indonesia, the Jakarta Police crack down on about 235 riders who do not use the safety belt and in Bandung violations regarding the use of safety belt ± 400 violations. Accident data from the Directorate General of Land Transportation of 2009 total accident victims in 2011 reached 176 763 people, with details of 31 185 dead, 36 767 serious injuries and 108 811 suffered minor injuries. According to studies conducted by the Institute of Analysis CEESAR, said the number of truck drivers killed and injured in traffic accidents can be reduced by 40% if they are all using a safety belt. Law No. 14 of 1992 on the obligation to use safety belt, this offense is liable to imprisonment for one month or a fine Rp1000.000. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship with the behavioral characteristics of the driver's safety belt use in PT Cipta Hasil Sugiarto Cirebon 2015. This study uses a questionnaire research instruments. The study design was cross-sectional design, with the entire population of the driver in the PT Cipta Hasil Sugiarto Cirebon many as 70 respondents and sampling using the method of the total population. Data were statistically analyzed using chi square test at 5% significance level (0.05).The results showed no relationship between age and the behavior of the use of safety belt (pvalue = 0.000), there was no correlation between level of education and the behavior of the use of safety belt (pvalue = 0.647), there is a relationship between knowledge and behavior of the use of safety belt (pvalue = 0.000) , there is no relationship between attitude and behavior of the use of safety belt (pvalue = 0.621) and there is a relationship between the period of employment with the behavior of the use of safety belt (pvalue = 0.000).Keywords: Driver characteristics, safety belt usage behavior.

scholarly journals Factors Relating To Safety Riding Behaviors In Students Of Senior High School 5 Palu

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
Lusia Salmawati ◽  
Shinta Widya Puspita
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Minor Injuries ◽  
Serious Injuries

Traffic accidents are still a global problem today. Traffic accidents are the main cause of death for all age groups dominated by adolescents. The number of traffic accident cases in Indonesia reached 108,871 incidents with details of which 25,511 people died. Accident data in Central Sulawesi during 2016 reached 1,889 incidents, with 420 dead, 1,076 serious injuries and 2,042 minor injuries. The city of Palu is in order no. 1 with traffic accidents 308 cases with losses of up to 616 million rupiah. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with safety riding behavior. This type of research is quantitative with a Cross Sectional Study approach, sampling using the Proportional Stratified Random Sampling method. The number of samples in this study were 84 respondents. The data were collected using a questionnaire with a Guttman scale. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that there was no relationship between knowledge (p = 0.95), while there was a relationship between attitude (p = 0.008), SIM ownership (p = 0.003), and safety riding behavior. To prevent traffic accidents, it is necessary to provide an understanding of Safety Riding, guide traffic discipline, invite them to complete driving licenses, familiarize children with using PPE, and provide motivation to always prioritize safety in driving.

PREDICTION OF PEDESTRIAN RISK AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizati Hamidun ◽  
Siti Zaharah Ishak ◽  
Nurul Elma Kordi ◽  
Intan Rohani Endut
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Actual Risk ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Geometric Layout

Signalized intersections in an urban area are expecting the high volume of mixed traffic with various conflicting movements. This situation would greatly risk the safety of pedestrian as vulnerable road users, especially in a busy capital city like Kuala Lumpur. However, predicting risk based on accident data would neglect many risk factors associated. Thus, this paper presented an application of the pedestrian crossing risk assessment (PedCRA) model using Petri Nets approach to be compared with the risk calculated using accident data for thirty signalized intersections in Kuala Lumpur. The prediction of risk using this model is able to consider various risk factors, including illegal behavior, signal setting, traffic volume, road geometric layout and environment. Prediction of risk for selected sites were compared with the pedestrian accident data for 5 year period as the actual risk value. The Chi-Square goodness of fit was performed and the result showed that the predicted risk value and actual risk values follow the same distribution pattern. 

scholarly journals PEMODELAN ANGKA KEMATIAN KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS DI KOTA DENPASAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
NI LUH WIWIN YUNIARTI ◽  
I GUSTI AYU MADE SRINADI ◽  
MADE SUSILAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Poisson Regression Analysis ◽  
Accident Data

Denpasar City is one of the most crowded areas on the island of Bali, this is due to the fast population growth rate. This fast population can cause problems, one of the problem is in the transportation sector. The increase in the volume of transportation can cause traffic congestion which can lead to a high number of traffic accidents, this can lead to death due to traffic accidents in Denpasar City. To determine the factors that influence traffic accident mortality, researchers used Poisson regression analysis. Based on data on traffic accidents in Denpasar City in 2018, the deviance value is smaller than the chi square value. Therefore Poisson regression analysis is sufficient to model traffic accident data in Denpasar City. The Poisson regression model obtained from this research is. Based on the Poisson regression model obtained, the independent variable that contributes significantly and has a high effect on the number of people who die in traffic accidents is the driver factor.

A chi-square test for "proneness" in accident data.

1951 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Chi Square ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Chi Square Test

Personality dynamics and accident proneness in an industrial setting.

1957 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Davids ◽  
James T. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Accident Proneness ◽  
Industrial Setting

scholarly journals Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Pengemudi Sepeda Motor di Sumba Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Oktavianus Lede Ngongo ◽  
Noorce C. Berek ◽  
Anna Heny Talahatu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The West ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Accident Data

Transportation is a very important part of human life. In fact, the existence of a vehicle can improve all human activities in carrying out the occupied routine, but problems arise such as traffic jams and increased traffic accidents. The Minister of Transportation stated that 4 (four) people died every day due to traffic accidents, 72% occurred in Indonesia and 73.9% involved motorbikes. The incident was an indication that motorbikes were the main cause of traffic accidents and contributed the most victims. The traffic accident data of the East Nusa Tenggara POLDA in 2018 showed a trend of increasing traffic accidents in 2018. The level of population mobilization in the legal territory of the West Sumba POLRES is relatively high. Based on the annual report book of West Sumba POLRES in 2018 there have been traffic accidents with 126 cases. The study aims to determine the factors associated with motorcycle driver traffic accidents in the area of West Sumba POLRES in 2019. This type of research is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional study approach. This research was conducted at the West Sumba Police Resort with a sample of 53 people. Analysis of the data used the chi-square statistical test. The results of this study indicate that the factors associated with traffic accidents are age (p = 0.004), behavior (p = 0.008), and lamp conditions (p = 0.005).

Quantitative Diameter Measurements of Chromatin and TMV Fibers in the Freeze-Dried State

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
B. D. Athey ◽  
A. L. Stout ◽  
M. F. Smith ◽  
J. P. Langmore
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Method ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Fiber Axis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Variable Diameter ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Expected Values

Although there is general agreement that Inactive chromosome fibers consist of helically packed nucleosomes, the pattern of packing is still undetermined. Only one of the proposed models, the crossed-linker model, predicts a variable diameter dependent on the length of DNA between nucleosomes. Measurements of the fiber diameter of negatively-stained and frozen- hydrated- chromatin from Thyone sperm (87bp linker) and Necturus erythrocytes (48bp linker) have been previously reported from this laboratory. We now introduce a more reliable method of measuring the diameters of electron images of fibrous objects. The procedure uses a modified version of the computer program TOTAL, which takes a two-dimensional projection of the fiber density (represented by the micrograph itself) and projects it down the fiber axis onto one dimension. We illustrate this method using high contrast, in-focus STEM images of TMV and chromatin from Thyone and Necturus. The measured diameters are in quantitative agreement with the expected values for the crossed-linker model for chromatin structure

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

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