scholarly journals Community Surveillance of Child Nutrition

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Carl E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Local Conditions

A new approach to community-based nutritional surveillance has potential for improving programmes for growth promotion by focusing on the children at greatest risk and increasing the capacity for appropriate action. First, cross-sectional surveys can help to identify where malnutrition is distributed in the community so that high-risk groups can be targeted for intensive monitoring. Second, field studies can be conducted in parallel with general implementation to help define causal factors influencing local patterns of growth faltering and guide selection of an appropriate mix of interventions and methods to suit local conditions. This information can provide a better basis for training mothers, volunteers, and service personnel. Cultural, ecological, and economic constraints need to be identified as part of stimulating self-reliant community action. Demonstration of locally relevant and simplified procedures by a field research unit in each region should be linked with systematic extension to all parts of that region. These field research units should themselves be linked in a mutually supportive national and international network. Feedback of information from community-based surveillance can assist policy and administrative decisions for programme correction. These methods may provide our most direct means of introducing and measuring “adjustment with a human face.”

scholarly journals Alarming tuberculosis rate among people who inject drugs in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Nagot ◽  
Vinh Vu Hai ◽  
Thuy Thi Thu Dong ◽  
Oanh Khuat Thi Hai ◽  
Delphine Rapoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is not homogeneous in the general population but presents high-risk groups. People who inject drugs (PWID) are such a group. However, TB among PWID remains largely undocumented. Our goal was to assess the prevalence of TB and the risk factors associated with TB among PWID in Vietnam. Methods We implemented a cross-sectional survey among two community-based cohorts of HIV-positive and HIV-negative PWID in Hai Phong. Participants were screened for TB using questions on TB symptoms. Those who reported any symptom were accompanied by peers to the TB clinic for chest X-Ray. If the latter was abnormal, a sputum was collected to perform an Xpert® MTB/RIF test. Results 885 PWID were screened for TB. For both cohorts, most PWID were male (>90.0%), with a median age of 42 years. Beside heroin injection, 52.5% of participants reported smoking methamphetamine, and 63.2% were on methadone. Among HIV-positive PWID (N=451), 90.4% were on antiretroviral therapy and 81.6% had a viral load <1,000 copies/mL. Using a complete-case analysis, the estimated TB prevalence was 2.3% (95%CI: 1.0-4.5) and 2.1% (95%CI: 0.8-4.2) among HIV-positives and HIV-negatives, respectively. Living in couple, arrest over the past six months, homelessness and smoking methamphetamine were independently associated with TB but not HIV infection. Conclusions In a context of very large antiretroviral therapy coverage, this extremely high rate of TB among PWID requires urgent actions.

scholarly journals Understanding food westernisation and other contemporary drivers of adult, adolescent and child nutrition quality in urban Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 2571-2583
Author(s):  
Wendy J Umberger ◽  
Jesmin A Rupa ◽  
Di Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Nutrition Quality ◽  
Daily Caloric Intake ◽  
Food Diaries

AbstractObjective:To examine the association between consumption of western foods purchased and consumed away from home and measures of nutrition quality: average daily caloric intake and macronutrient (carbohydrates, fat and protein) shares, for urban consumers in Vietnam, a country undergoing economic transition.Design:Cross-sectional observational data were collected using household surveys and 24-h food diaries. Outcome variables were individual average daily caloric intake and shares of calories from macronutrients: carbohydrates, fat and protein. The key explanatory variable was individual daily share of calories from western food purchased and consumed away from home. Ordinary least squares and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine the association between the outcome variables: caloric intake and macronutrient shares and the share of calories from western food consumed away from home.Setting:Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam.Participants:In total, 1685 households and 4997 individuals, including adults (aged $$ \ge $$ 18 years), adolescents (aged 10–17 years) and children (aged 0–9 years).Results:The share of calories from western food away from home was significantly associated with higher caloric intake among male and female adults (P < 0·01), adolescents (P < 0·01) and male children (P < 0·10) and was associated with higher shares of fat for male and female adults (P < 0·01), adolescents (P < 0·01) and male children (P < 0·01).Conclusions:Policymakers must be conscious of the numerous factors associated with poor nutrition quality, especially in younger Vietnamese individuals. Relevant interventions targeting at risk groups are required if nutrition improvement is a long-term goal.

scholarly journals A community based field research project investigating anaemia amongst young children living in rural Karnataka, India: a cross sectional study

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sant-Rayn Pasricha ◽  
Varalaxmi Vijaykumar ◽  
NS Prashanth ◽  
H Sudarshan ◽  
Beverley-Ann Biggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Cross Sectional

Are Atrial Fibrillation Guidelines Altering Management? A Community Based Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Murdoch ◽  
K O'Neill ◽  
J Jackson ◽  
A McMahon ◽  
A Rumley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Warfarin Therapy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
General Practices

Background and Aims: We wanted to determine the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in a community based cross sectional study in greater Glasgow and how current anti thrombotic management compares to published guidelines. Methods: 1466 patients with AF were identified in General Practices in our community and 1008 consented to take part. Their demographic details and medical history were recorded. Results: 1466 patients (mean age 73.4; 55% female) with AF were identified, in our community, giving a prevalence of 1%. 53% of patients were on warfarin therapy. Of those not receiving warfarin, only one third had a putative contra-indication. The proportion of AF patients on warfarin increased with increasing stroke risk, and over the period of the study. Conclusions: Prevalence of AF was in keeping with previous estimates. The proportion of patients with AF receiving warfarin therapy appears to be increasing. In the moderate risk group, there was a tendency to use more warfarin in the younger age groups compared to the elderly. It was in the moderate and low risk groups that there was still evidence of deviation from published guidelines.

Lipophilic Statin Use and Suicidal Ideation in a Sample of Adults With Mood Disorders

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Davison ◽  
Bonnie J. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Predominantly Female ◽  
Lipophilic Statin

Background: Mood disorders are associated with a high risk of suicide. Statin therapy has been implicated in this relationship. Aims: To further clarify reported associations between suicide and cholesterol in mental health conditions, we conducted an analysis of dietary, clinical, and suicidal ideation measures in community-living adults with mood disorders. Method: Data were used from a cross-sectional study of a randomly selected community-based sample (> 18 years; n = 97) with verified mood disorders. Dietary (e.g., fat, iron, vitamin intakes), clinical (e.g., current depression and mania symptoms, medications), and sociodemographic (age, sex, and income) measures were analyzed using bivariate statistics and Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: Participants were predominantly female (71.1%) with bipolar disorder (59.8%); almost one-third (28.9%) were taking lipophilic statins. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was more than 2.5 times in those taking statins, PR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.27–5.31, p < .05. The prevalence ratio for suicidal ideation was 1.10, 95% CI 1.06–1.15, p < .001, for each unit increase in mania symptom scores. No associations between suicidal ideation and dietary intake measures were identified. Conclusion: Individuals with mood disorders may be susceptible to neuropsychiatric effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs, which warrants further research.

Community-based Organizations and Issues in Community Development in an Era Constant Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 585-605
Author(s):  
Terrence Thomas ◽  
◽  
Befikadu Legesse ◽  
Cihat Gunden ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Action ◽  
Black Belt ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Organizations ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Black Belt Region ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Community Based Organization

The failure of top-down categorical approaches for generating solutions to many local problems has led to the adoption of alternate approaches. Many scholars believe that a confluence of local and global forces have generated complex problems, which call for new approaches to problem solving. Previously, the top-down approach relied entirely on the knowledgeable elite. Communities were seen as passive study subjects and information flow was one way only- from knowledgeable elites to the less knowledgeable community agents or community-based organization acting on behalf of communities. The objectives of this study are to provide a review of governance as a means of organizing community action to address community problems in the Black Belt Region (BBR) of the Southeastern United States, and an assessment of community problems in the BBR from the perspectives of community-based organizations (CBOs). Data was collected from CBOs via a telephone survey in eleven Southeastern states and via listening sessions conducted with CBOs in 9 Southeastern states. The study provides valuable insight regarding the challenges faced by these organizations and strategies they employ in adapting to serve their communities.

Russia–Ethiopia: Humanitarian Ties Cooperation in Scientific Research

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Alexander Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Modern World ◽  
State University ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Scientific Project

The report shows the results of the Russian-Ethiopian historic and ethnographic expedition – a joint scientific project of two countries, successfully implemented in the early 1990s. Advanced results achieved by this expedition were much owed to participation of several leading Russian and Ethiopian scientific centers and universities – the Institute for African Studies, the Institute of Asian and African Countries at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Addis Ababa University and Institute for Ethiopian Studies, The Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations, and others. The participants of the expedition gathered and summarized a large body of data acquired during opinion polls, held in the course of the visits to a number of educational, medical, economic and manufacturing centers and organizations, including workshops, agricultural farms, banks, scientific centers. The collected scientific data has allowed, based on multi-factor analysis, to specify the nature of evolutionary processes in communal relations, efficiency of various aspects of federalism policy in a cosmopolitan country. Its value is reflected by applicability and sharp demand for a scientific view on one of the most troubled sides of social and political life of many African countries, and of the modern world. Based on the field research, a high number of articles and monographs have been prepared and published in the Russian Federation. They include “Report on Field Studies of Ethiopia Carried Out by Russian Historical, Ethnic, Sociological, Expedition, 1990–1992”, “Ethiopia: History, Culture and Ethnicity”, “Ethiopia: the Particular Features of Federalism”, “Drama in Modern Ethiopian Literature and Theatre”, “Mission in Ethiopia. African Policy of the USSR in the eyes of the Soviet Diplomat. 1956–1982”, two volumes of “Africa” encyclopedia and others.

HIV INFECTION AND SOME RELATED FACTORS IN FEMALE MASSAGE THERAPISTS IN QUANG NGAI PROVINCE

2015 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Xuan Chuong Tran ◽  
Thi Thanh Hoa Le ◽  
Ngoc Van Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Massage Therapists

Background: HIV/AIDS is still a dangerous infection in Vietnam and in the world. Studying of HIV infection and related factors in high risk groups, including female massage therapists is therefore very important. Aims: 1. To study the HIV infection in female massage therapists in Quang Ngai province. 2. To fine some related factors to HIV infection. Patients and methods: Female massage therapists working in Quang Ngai province. Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Results: The rate of HIV infection was 0.99%. Group older than 22 years old had higher rate of infection than group under 22 years old (1.80% vs 0.69%). The girls from urban areas or not using condom had higher rate of infection than group from rural or not using condom (1.57% vs 0.47% and 7.32% vs. 0.57%). Most of HIV infected belong to single or divorce groups. Conclusions: The rate of HIV infection in female massage therapists in Quang Ngai province was 0.99%. The HIV infection related factor was not using condom in sexual contact. Keywords: HIV, female massage therapists, Quang Ngai

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