scholarly journals Medicinal Plants Used in Mali for the Treatment of Malaria and Liver Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
Mahamane Haidara ◽  
Geneviève Bourdy ◽  
Nunziatina De Tommasi ◽  
Alessandra Braca ◽  
Korotoumou Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Argemone Mexicana ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Combretum Micranthum ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Nauclea Latifolia

Today, ethno-pharmacology is a very important resource in order to discover new therapies for the current diseases. Moreover, another good justification for the ethno-pharmacological approach is to obtain new, effective, less expensive and simple therapies, limiting at the same time the cost of pharmaceutical research. Two major anti-malarial drugs widely used today, i.e. quinine and artemisinin, came respectively from Peruvian and Chinese ancestral treatments reported in the traditional medicines. In this contest, there is an urgent need for the discovery of new drugs, due to the critical epidemiological situation of this disease and to the growth of resistances. In Mali, malaria and liver diseases remain one of the leading public health problems. Many medicinal plants are often used, in local traditional medicine, for the treatment at the same time of malaria and liver diseases, including hepatic syndromes, jaundice, hepatitis and other hepatic disorders. Moreover, in the local language Bamanan, the word “ Sumaya” is used both for malaria and some liver diseases. In addition, we noted that some of the improved traditional phytomedicines produced by the Department of Traditional Medicine are prescribed by modern doctors both for malaria and liver diseases. In this review, pharmacological, toxicological and phytochemical data on Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae), Cochlospermum tinctorium Perr. ex A. Rich (Cochlospermaceae), Combretum micranthum G.Don (Combretaceae), Entada africana Guillet Perr. (Mimosaceae), Erythrina senegalensis A. DC (Fabaceae), Mitragyna inermis (Willd) Kuntze (Rubiaceae), Nauclea latifolia Smith syn. Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) Bruce (Rubiaceae), Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae), Trichilia emetica Vahl. (Meliaceae), and Vernonia colorata (Willd) Drake (Asteraceae) are reported. Some of the collected data could be used to improve the actual herbal drugs and to propose new phytomedicines for the management of malaria and liver diseases.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Various Uses of Ephedra distachyaL. from the Past to the Present

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Mansureh Ghavam ◽  
Zeinab Soleimaninejad
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ephedra Distachya ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Review Study

Background: Nowadays, many people believe in traditional medicines and use them for different diseases. Knowledge of medicinal plants and traditional medicine has been practiced for centuries through trial and error, and many important treatments for the disease have been passed down from one generation to the next. Ephedra is a valuable plant and has been used to treat diseases since ancient times. Accordingly, this study aims to comprehensively introduce Ephedra distachya L. in traditional medicine. Methods: In this review study, databases such as Google Scholar, SID, Scopus, and books on medicinal plants in Persian and English languages were searched to collect data. The keywords included "ephedra", "traditional medicine", "goat’s beard", and "medicinal plants". Results: Many resources highlighted the importance of using ephedra due to its useful properties. Experimental studies in traditional medicine show the effect of this plant in the prevention of diseases, such as asthma and bronchitis. Conclusion: Considering the beneficial effects of ephedra and scientific evidence about its effects, further studies are needed to better understand the use of this plant in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional oleh Suku Mee di Distrik Kamuu, Kabupaten Dogiyai, Papua

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Sipriana Dogomo ◽  
Rosye H.R. Tanjung ◽  
Suharno Suharno
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Plant Parts

Plants are widely used by the community as traditional medicine in an effort to maintain health. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of plant species used as traditional medicines and how to use them by the Mee Tribe in Kamuu District, Dogiyai Regency, Papua. The study was conducted in December 2018-July 2019. The method used in this study was a qualitative method with observation, interview, and documentation. The research showed that are 59 species of plants from 30 families that are used as medicinal plants by the Mee Tribe community. The community uses medicinal plants by: without processing 38 species, boiling 10 species, burning 7 species, and more than one way 4 species. The plant parts used are: stem (14 species), fruits (7 species), flowers (3 species), leaves (20 species), bark (2 species), tubers (1 species), and more than one part (12 species). The most widely used part of medicinal plants is leaves (33.89 %). Key words: medicinal plant, Mee, community, Dogiyai

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTICAL EVALUATION OF SHATAVARI (ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS WILLD.) ROOT COLLECTED IN DIFFERENT SEASONS – A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1951-1957
Author(s):  
Kinjal Unadkat ◽  
Muthiah Daniel ◽  
Dilip K. Jani
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Current Scenario

Background: In the current scenario, plant-based traditional medicines are providing a base for treating various diseases. It has been reported that 80% of the population of the world depends upon traditional medicine. It has been also shown that many factors like habitat, climate, temperature, season etc can affect the quality of medicinal plants. The study was conducted to explore such Ayurvedic documented literature with pharmacognostical study. Aim: To study macroscopic and microscopic characters of the drug samples collected in four different seasons according to Ayurveda classics. Materials & Methods: In the present study, four samples of Asparagus race- mosus were collected in four different seasons- Grishma, Pravrut, Sharad and Shishira Ritu (May, June, October, and January) based on Ayurveda classics for comparing the pharmacognostic characters so that they can be dis- tinguished from each other. Results and Discussion: The influence of seasons on four different samples was observed in terms of the sizes of roots, xylem vessels, phloem, raphide bundles of calcium oxalate etc. Conclusion: The seasons on the roots of Shatavari exhibited an effect in macroscopical and microscopical characters. Thus, it can be said that the season for collection of the drug has an important role to validate the factors that influence the potency of the drug. Keywords: Ayurveda, Shatavari, Asparagus racemosus, Dravya Sangraha Kala, Pharmacognostical study

Fixing a broken drug development process

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Holland
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Drug Development Process ◽  
Drug Trials ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The U.S

It costs about $1.2 billion to bring a single new drug to market in the U.S. today.[1] With a combination of high late-stage failure rates and the high cost of drug trials, the number of new drugs being approved by the FDA has flat-lined at historically low levels, falling from 53 in 1996 to just 19 in 2009.[2] If the cost of drug trials doesn’t come down, we will see far fewer new drugs on pharmacy shelves. [1] Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America Profile 2009. Washington, DC: PhRMA. [2] Hughes B. 2009 Drug Approvals. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 89-92 (February 2010)

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN OBAT OLEH MASYARAKAT SUKU DAYAK KENDAWANGAN DI DESA RANGKUNG KECAMATAN MARAU KABUPATEN KETAPANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desti Andari ◽  
Riza Linda ◽  
Rafdinal Rafdinal
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

Dayak Kendawangan tribe is a sub-tribe of Dayak which is spread around Kendawangan River in Rangkung Village, Marau District, Ketapang Regency. Dayak Kendawangan tribe still uses plants as traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of medicinal plants utilized by Kendawangan Dayak people in Rangkung Village. This research was conducted in October to December 2018. The method used was snowball with 11 respondents and conducted interviews with respondents to obtain information on traditional medicines and analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results showed there were 52 species from 33 families, the most widely used family is Zingiberaceae (9,62 %). Part of a widely used plant is the leaves (42,18 %), while the way of processing and the use of medicinal plant is in boiled (59,61 %) and drunk (50,94 %). The most uptake of medicinal plants in the yard (47,82 %) and forest (39,13 %). The highest frequency of citation (FIC) value is Psidium guajava (54,5 %). Plant part value (PPV) and interspecific use value (IUV) of plants used in traditional medicine of Kendawangan Dayak tribe are 0.5-1 and 0.3-2, respectively.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTILEISHMANIAL ACTIVITIES OF THREE MEDICINAL PLANTS: ARGEMONE MEXICANA, MURRAYA KOENIGII AND CINNAMOMUM TAMALA AGAINST MILTEFOSINE RESISTANT PROMASTIGOTES OF LEISHMANIA DONOVANI PARASITES

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
SIRIN SALMA SULTANA
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Argemone Mexicana ◽  
Cinnamomum Tamala ◽  
Antileishmanial Activities

Objective: Leishmaniasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases in terms of drug development and discovery. Non-responsiveness and resistance to the drug in Leishmania species need to develop new antileishmanial potentials; herbal medicines could be the alternative one. Methods: In the present study, semi-purified fractions were prepared from the traditionally used three medicinal plants of India: Argemone mexicana (aerial shoot), Murraya koenigii (stem), and Cinnamomum tamala (bark) by using multiple solvent systems (non-polar to polar, beginning with petroleum ether followed by n-hexane, benzene, and chloroform) and an effort was given to assess the leishmanicidal activities against Leishmania donovani miltefosine resistant HePC-R (Ld/MIL-30) promastigotes in vitro and the IC50 concentrations were estimated. Results: The study revealed that the semi-purified fractions of A. mexicana, M. koenigii, and C. tamala have effective antileishmanial activities and the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) are 50 μg/ml, 98 μg/ml, and 200 μg/ml, respectively. At these (IC50) concentrations, these plant semi-purified fractions were found to interfere in lipid and protein biosynthesis, alter cell morphology, DNA content, mitochondrial membrane potential, generating ROS, and apoptosis in promastigotes. The semi-purified fractions were also found noticeably non-toxic towards host splenocytes. Conclusion: These results could suggest that A. mexicana, M. koenigii, and C. tamala could carry potential novel compounds for the development of new drugs against Leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Evaluating Aged Consumers Insight Regarding Modern Medicine and Traditional Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Bantupalli Suranjan ◽  
Bala Yaswanth Kumar S ◽  
Atluri Deekshit
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Combinatorial Chemistry ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Mental Treatment ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Traditional Medical Practice ◽  
Modern Technologies

The term traditional medicine is used to explain the traditional medical practice that has been in existence even before the advent of modern medicine. It is widely accepted and used in the prevention and treatment of physical and mental treatment as well as a social imbalance. There seem to be limits to the development of new drugs based exclusively on modern technologies. Since the 1980s, the pharmaceutical industry has tended to use high throughput synthesis and drug development based on combinatorial chemistry in developing new drugs/medicines. However, significant efforts in this direction have not resulted in the drug's expected productivity. Some large pharmaceutical companies are facing significant challenges in developing new products. Our study was to evaluate the aged population's insight regarding traditional medicine and modern medicine. It was a prospective study with duration of three months from February 2021 to April 2021. The study was conducted in the population in and around Vijayawada. A total of 400 samples were collected. Generally, nowadays people are not aware of traditional medicines even if they are inexpensive when compared to modern drugs.  So we conducted this study to know the knowledge of aged peoples on traditional medicine and to know their perception regarding both modern medicine and traditional medicine. Keywords: Traditional medicine, Modern medicine, Natural, Aged, Population.

Epilogue: New Drugs for Neglected Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS POGGE ◽  
AIDAN HOLLIS
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Innovation Cost ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Medicine Today ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research And Development

In a widely cited 2003 article, DiMasi, Hansen, and Grabowski estimated the cost of pharmaceutical research and development to be $1.1 billion (year 2000 U.S. dollars) per new medicine coming onto the market in 2001. They also estimate that this cost is going up at a real (inflation-adjusted) rate of 7.4% annually. According to these estimates, the innovation cost per new medicine today is about $2.1 billion (year 2000 U.S. dollars) or $2.65 billion (year 2010 U.S. dollars).

scholarly journals PERSPEKTIF PENGAMBIL KEBIJAKAN DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN OBAT ASLI LAMPUNG BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI PEMERINTAH PROVINSI LAMPUNG

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Henita Astuti ◽  
Ratna Dewi Judhaswati ◽  
M Syafrizal ◽  
Jekvy Hendra ◽  
Azhari Rangga
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Policy Direction

Indigenous Medicinal Plants Lampung is a medicinal plant obtained directly from natural ingredients in all regions in Lampung Province, and local policy in developing and preserving it is necessary. The purpose of this research is to know the policy of perspective and strategy of TOAL development based on perception of policy maker in Lampung Province. The study was conducted from May to September 2017 located in Lampung Province. Respondents were determined by purposive sampling by appointing relevant parties on TOAL development activities. The results showed that Internal Factor, the strength among others the use of medicinal plants as an alternative medicine has become a tradition of Lampung society, The weakness factor among others HR is still less creative to create variants of traditional medicine products. External Factors consist of opportunities that can be marketed in the form of processed products that can be marketed domestic scale and national scale; and threats, funds allocated to support the development of TOAL are still limited. Strategy for Developing and Implementing Traditional Medicine and Planning Systems for the Availability of Traditional Medicines Raw Materials in Lampung Province to become National Policy Direction to Support Traditional Health Services, covering a) Cultivation and conservation of TOAL resources, b) efficacy and benefits, c) quality, d) accessibility , e) appropriate use, f) supervision, g) research and development, h) documentation and databases, i) human resource development and j) monitoring and evaluation.

scholarly journals REVIEW ON TRADITIONAL ETHNO-VETERINARY MEDICINE AND MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN ETHIOPIA: PRACTICE AND APPLICATION SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Semayat Oyda
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ethnoveterinary Medicine ◽  
Argemone Mexicana ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Traditional Practitioners ◽  
Spiritual Healers

The objective of the review paper was to highlight indigenous practice to traditional veterinary medicine and medicinal plants used by indigenous people. Traditional medicine has been defined as the sum total of all knowledge and practices whether explicable or not, used in the diagnosis, prevention and elimination of physicals, mental or social imbalances which passes from generation to generation, whether verbally or in writing. The application of traditional medicine to veterinary medicine has been termed as ethnoveterinary medicine. In Ethiopia up to 80% of the population uses traditional medicine due to the cultural acceptability of healers and local pharmacopeias, the relatively low cost of traditional medicine and difficult access to modern health facilities. Some of medicinal plants were Monopsis Sellariodes, solanium anguivi Lam, Vigina spp, Nicotiana tabacum L, Argemone Mexicana L, and Platostoma Rotundifolium etc. and they useful for different diseases. Traditional practitioners include bone setters, birth attendants, tooth extractors, (called yetirs awolaki, 'Wogesha' and yelimd awalaj' respectively in Amharic) herbalists, as well as 'debtera', 'tenquay' (witch doctors), and spiritual healers such as 'weqaby' and 'kalicha'. Healing in Ethiopian traditional medicine is not only concerned with curing of diseases but also with the protection and promotion of human physical, spiritual, social, mental and material wellbeing. Drugs were administered using different routes, the main ones being, topical, oral and respiratory and are stored usually in containers such as bottles, papers, pieces of cloth, leaves and horns, and were kept anywhere at home.

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