scholarly journals Caregivers’ Experiences with Caring for a Child Living with HIV/AIDS: A Qualitative Study in Northern Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110036
Author(s):  
Gideon Awenabisa Atanuriba ◽  
Felix Apiribu ◽  
Adwoa Bemah Boamah Mensah ◽  
Veronica Millicent Dzomeku ◽  
Richard Adongo Afaya ◽  
...  

With the advent of Anti-Retroviral Therapy, Human Immune Virus, and Acquire Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome is increasingly becoming a chronic disease as life expectancy among People Living With HIV/AIDS has increased. For Children Living With HIV/AIDS the role of the caregivers becomes essential as caregivers’ decisions affect CLWH health. However, the experiences of these caregivers are often unnoticed while all interventions are directed at PLWH. This study aimed at exploring the experiences of caregivers of CLWH in some selected hospitals in northern Ghana. This study employed a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 9 participants from 3 public hospitals in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana. Data was manually analyzed using the approach of Collaizi and the findings were presented in themes and sub-themes. We conducted individual face to face interviews in English and Dagbani from September to November 2019. These interviews were conducted at the convenience of the participants in hospitals and at their homes. They were introduced to the study while awaiting to take antivirals for their CLWH. Five themes emerged: changed family dynamics, discovery of diagnosis, reaction to diagnosis, disclosure, stigma and discrimination, and burden and challenges of care. Caregivers were severely impacted by caring for CLWH and traumatized by changed family dynamics which exposed them to many difficulties. Stigma was widely perpetrated by immediate family members and majority reacted badly to their children HIV-positive status with fear, shame, guilt and even suicidal ideation.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1128-1133
Author(s):  
Dian Permatasari ◽  
Eva Nurhidayati ◽  
Dian Ika Puspitasari

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome  have become epidemics that seriously  of the world community. East Java is one of the provinces with the highest number of HIV / AIDS sufferers in Indonesia. As of September 2018, the number of people living with HIV / AIDS was 47,396 people.  This research is a quantitative research design with explanatory research which aims at research conducted to explain the influence between independent and dependent variables through testing. Cross sectional design because the independent and dependent variables were measured at the same time. The sampling technique used total sampling. The instrument in this study was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using regression test. One of the solutions to overcome this problem is the role of peer support groups in providing support and services to ODHA by providing access to information and referrals about treatment. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Dewi Mayang Sari

Latar Belakang: Jumlah penderita HIV/AIDS di Indonesia setiap tahunnya terus bertambah. Menurut laporan tahunan terbaru dari Badan Dunia untuk penanggulangan HIV/AIDS atau UNAIDS, Indonesia kini berada diurutan nomor satu. Terkait laju peningkatan kasus HIV di Indonesia pada tahun 1998 jumlah kasus HIV baru 591 orang, tetapi pada bulan September 2007 jumlahnya telah mencapai 5.904 orang. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui persepsi terapi ARV (Anti Retroviral Virus) pada orang yang terinfeksi HIV/AIDS di Kota Salatiga. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Rancangan fenomenologi ini dilaksanakan dengan berpedoman pada tahapan deskriptif yaitu tahapan intuitif analisis dan deskriptif. Jumlah partisipan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 3 orang penderita HIV/AIDS di Kota Salatiga atau sampai saturasi data. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian: Persepsi  dalam menjalani terapi ARV (Anti Retroviral Virus) di Kota Salatiga sudah baik, mereka mengetahui tentang ARV dan mengetahui tentang  efek samping yang ditimbulkan dari terapi ARV. Upaya orang yang terinfeksi HIV/AIDS dalam menjalani terapi ARV (Anti Retroviral Virus) di Kota Salatiga. ODHA mengatasi efek samping dengan konsultasi ke dokter dan minum obat yang diberikan dokter. Dukungan petugas manajemen kasus dalam menjalani  terapi ARV (Anti Retroviral Virus) di Kota Salatiga sudah baik. Dukungan  kelompok sebaya terhadap orang yang terinfeksi HIV dalam menjalani terapi ARV (Anti Retroviral Virus) di Kota Salatiga baik. Dukungan suami terhadap istri yang dalam menjalani terapi ARV (Anti Retroviral Virus) di Kota Salatiga baik. Kata kunci            :   Persepsi; ARV; sikap; HIV/AIDS; kelompok sebaya  PERCEPTION THERAPY ARV (ANTI-RETROVIRAL VIRUS) IN PEOPLE INFECTED WITH HIV / AIDS IN THE CITY SALATIGA ABSTRACT Background: The number of people living with HIV / AIDS in Indonesia each year continues to grow. According to the latest annual report of the World Agency for HIV / AIDS or UNAIDS, Indonesia now comes out number one. Related to the rate of increase in HIV cases in Indonesia in 1998, the number of new HIV cases 591 people, but in September 2007 the number had reached 5,904 people. Objective Research: Knowing perception of antiretroviral therapy (Anti Retroviral Virus) in people infected with the H IV / AIDS in Salatiga. Methods: Type research using a phenomenological approach. draft of this phenomenology is guided by the descriptive stage stages intuitive and descriptive analysis. The number of participants in this study were 3 people with HIV / AIDS in Salatiga or until saturation of data. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Results of the study: Perception in therapy ARV (Anti-Retroviral Virus) in Salatiga has been good, they know about the drugs and find out about the side effects of antiretroviral therapy. Efforts of people infected with HIV / AIDS in antiretroviral therapy (Anti Retroviral Virus) in Salatiga. PLWHA cope with the side effects consult a doctor and take medicine that doctors prescribe. Support case management officer in antiretroviral therapy (Anti Retroviral Virus) in Salatiga has been good. peers Support against people infected with HIV in antiretroviral therapy (Anti Retroviral Virus) in Salatiga well. Support husbands against wives in antiretroviral therapy (Anti Retroviral Virus) in Salatiga well. Keywords    : Perception; antiretroviral therapy; attitude; HIV / AIDS; officers peer  


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Eva Kartika Hasibuan ◽  
Novita Aryani ◽  
Galvani Volta Simanjuntak

People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), battling stigma, discrimination and coping strategies  in  Medan, IndonesiaBackground: People living with HIV/AIDS have a multiple problem, PLWHA has a decreased physical abilities effect immunodeficiency, but also having a psychological and social problems also increase their burden. The health provider should be a place for PLWHA to get the right information about HIV/AIDS, but they follow to stigmatize and discriminate against them.Purpose: To describe coping PLWHA face up to stigma and discrimination in health provider.Methods: A qualitative with a descriptive phenomenological approach with population of this research was people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Medan, Indonesia. The number of samples was of 10 respondent  by purposive sampling technique. The criteria of the sample were PLWHA get treatment for ≥ 6 months and able to communication in Indonesia is well. Data collected with in-depth interviews and analysis by  Nvivo version 12.0 trial.Result: Finding that four themes, the first; get stigmatize and discriminate from health workers, second; have a psychological impact, third; continue treatment to the health provider and fourth; Hoping in health services well.Conclusion: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Medan Indonesia still having a positive coping to face stigma and discrimination in health provider and they keep continue to get treatment in health provider.. Keyword: People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA); Battling; Stigma; Discrimination; Coping StrategiesPendahuluan: Pelayanan kesehatan yang seharusnya menjadi tempat orang dengan HIV/AIDS mendapatkan pengobatan dan informasi yang benar mengenai penyakitnya, justru ikut menstigma dan mendiskriminasikan mereka.Tujuan: Untuk menggambarkan stigma, koping dan harapan ODHA di pelayanan kesehatan.Metode: Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi deskriptif dengan populasinya  orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) di Kota Medan. Jumlah partisipan sebanyak 10 orang yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam dan data dianalisis dengan menggunakan software N.Vivo versi 12 trial.Hasil: Di dapatkan  empat  tema yaitu 1) Pernah mendapatkan stigma dan diskriminasi dari petugas kesehatan, 2) Pernah mengalalami dampak secara psikologis, 3) Tetap melanjutkan pengobatan ke pelayanan kesehatan, 4) Harapan pada layanan kesehatan.Simpulan: Orang dengan HIV/AIDS ODHA di kota Medan masih memiliki koping yang positif  dalam menghadapi stigma dan diskriminasi sehingga ODHA tetap melanjutkan pengobatan di pelayanan kesehatan. 


2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110300
Author(s):  
Charles MS. Birore ◽  
Liyun Wu ◽  
Tina Abrefa-Gyan ◽  
Marilyn W. Lewis

Utilization of antiretroviral therapies (ART) prolongs life and heightens ability to engage in productive activities among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study implemented a 6-week long Social Care Intervention (SCI) Program in Ghana and identified protective factors associated with Quality of Life (QoL) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We discovered that SCI model in the form of social support associated positively with differences in the QoL among PLWHA. Logistic regression revealed that social support, especially affectionate support, was positively associated with a higher level of QoL. People who were older and healthier tended to have higher levels of QoL compared with their counterparts who were younger and sicker. These findings suggest that building social support system can serve as an empowerment approach to promote quality of life among PLWHA in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where resources are limited.


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idongesit Godwin Utuk ◽  
Kayode Omoniyi Osungbade ◽  
Taiwo Akinyode Obembe ◽  
David Ayobami Adewole ◽  
Victoria Oluwabunmi Oladoyin

Background:Despite demonstrating global concerns about infection in the workplace, very little research has explored how co-workers react to those living with HIV in the workplace in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess the level of stigmatising attitude towards co-workers living with HIV in the workplace.Methods:The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving 403 respondents. They were recruited from selected companies through a multistage sampling technique. Survey was carried out using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences to generate frequencies, cross tabulations of variables at 5% level of significance. Logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors at 95% confidence intervals.Results:Mean age of respondents was 32.9 ± 9.4 years with 86.1% being females. Overall, slightly below two-third (63.0%) had good knowledge on transmission of HIV/AIDS while 218 (54.1%) respondents had a high stigmatising attitude towards co-workers with HIV in the workplace. More female respondents (69.6%) demonstrated high stigmatising attitudes towards co-workers with HIV in the workplace (p = 0.012). Female workers were twice more likely to have high stigmatising attitudes towards co-worker with HIV [OR 2.1 (95% CI: 1.13 – 3.83)].Conclusion:Stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDs is still very persistent in different settings. Good knowledge amongst our participants about HIV/AIDs did not translate to low stigmatising attitudes among workers. Concerted efforts and trainings on the transmission of HIV/AIDs are essential to reduce stigma that is still very prevalent in workplace settings.


e-GIGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Michael J. Sundah ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan ◽  
Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan

Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the human immune system, especially white blood cells called CD4 cells. Meanwhile, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a syndrome that arises due to the decline in the human immune system caused by HIV infection. Several studies showed that people living with HIV/AIDS had a higher risk of developing dental caries compared to those without HIV/AIDS. Maintenance of oral hygiene, consumption of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, and low salivary flow play a role in increasing the risk of caries in people living with HIV/AIDS. This study was aimed to determine the status of dental caries in people living with HIV/AIDS. This was a literature review using the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Clinical Key. The results obtained five journals that were relevant to the topic of discussion. There was a high prevalence of caries in people with HIV/AIDS (56.78%-78.7%) and a higher average caries status (12.83±9.6, 15.14±6.09, and 11.87±8.08) compared to those without HIV/AIDS. The high prevalence of caries in people with HIV/AIDS was influenced by decreased salivary flow, use of ARVs, consumption of sweet foods, and lack of oral hygiene. In conclusion, the prevalence of caries in people living with HIV/AIDS was high.Keywords: dental caries, HIV/AIDS  Abstrak: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adalah virus yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia kususnya sel darah putih yang disebut sel CD4 sedangkan acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) merupakan sindrom yang muncul akibat menurunnya sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia yang diakibatkan infeksi HIV. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengidap HIV/AIDS berisiko lebih tinggi mengalami karies gigi dibandingkan dengan orang tanpa HIV/AIDS. Pemeliharaan kebersihan gigi mulut, konsumsi obat antiretroviral (ARV), dan aliran saliva yang rendah berperan dalam peningkatan risiko karies gigi pada pengidap HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status karies gigi pada pengidap HIV/AIDS. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review. Database yang digunakan untuk pencarian literatur ialah Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Clinical Key. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan prevalensi karies yang tinggi pada pengidap HIV/AIDS (56,78%-78,7%) dan rerata status karies lebih tinggi (12,83±9,6, 15,14±6,09, dan 11,87±8,08) dibandingkan dengan yang tanpa HIV/AIDS. Tingginya prevalensi karies pada pengidap HIV/AIDS dipengaruhi oleh penurunan laju aliran saliva, penggunaan ARV, konsumsi makanan manis, dan kurangnya menjaga kebersihan gigi mulut. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah prevalensi karies pada pengidap HIV/AIDS tergolong tinggi.Kata kunci: karies gigi, HIV/AIDS


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ikhlasul Amal ◽  
Retno Setyawati

Background: Infectious diseases that are still of concern to many circles, namely HIV / AIDS. This is confirmed by the reason that there is still an increase in the number of cases. In addition, this disease makes sufferers or people who are often known as people living with HIV / AIDS (PLWHA) experience both physical and psychological problems. The physical problems experienced by PLWHA, of course, depend on the stage of the patient's disease. PLWHA who experience physical problems may experience stress due to their illness. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between HIV stage and stress levels. Method: This type of research is a quantitative observational study with a correlation analytic design with consecutive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by using a questionnaire with the number of respondents as many as 38 people. The data obtained were processed statistically using the Spearmen Rho statistical test. Results: based on the data, it was found that from 38 research respondents, most of them were 20-60 years old (76.3%). The majority of people with HIV / AIDS were male, namely 23 people (60.5%) with most of the occupations of HIV / AIDS sufferers being private (63.2%). Respondents' HIV was at stage II (50%) and III (50%). The level of stress experienced by HIV / AIDS sufferers is quite good, namely: at level I (31.57) and II (68.43). r = -174, p-value = 0.283. Conclusion: there is no correlation between HIV stage and stress level.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kefyalew Dagne Gizachew ◽  
Yigrem Ali Chekol ◽  
Elyas Admasu Basha ◽  
Shiferaw Abeway Mamuye ◽  
Abate Dargie Wubetu

Abstract Background Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. HIV/AIDS continues to be associated with an under-recognized risk for suicidal behavior. Suicidal behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS is not only a predictor of future attempted suicide and completed suicide, but it is also associated with poor quality of life and poor adherence with antiretroviral therapy. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in selected public hospitals of Amhara region, central Ethiopia. Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed. The study was conducted in four public hospitals in North Shewa Zone from May to December 2017. Study population comprised all HIV-infected individuals from Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) clinic. A total of 348 study subjects were recruited using systematic random sampling and 326 completed the interview. Suicidality module from Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was modified to assess suicidal behavior. Crude and adjusted OR was analyzed using logistic regression and the level of significance of association was determined at P value < 0.05. Result A total of 326 (93.7%) study subjects were interviewed. The magnitude of suicidal ideation and attempt was found to be 16% and 7.1%, respectively. Low monthly income, living alone, suicidal thought before knowing seropositive status, family history of suicide, experiencing mild and moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety symptoms, being gossiped sometimes in the last 12 months of the study period due to HIV status and ever use of khat (a psychoactive substance) was statistically significant associated factor with suicidal ideation. And low monthly income, experiencing mild and moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety symptoms, being gossiped sometimes and often in the previous 12 months of the study period due to HIV status and using alcohol currently were significantly associated factors with suicidal attempt. Conclusion Suicidal ideation and attempt among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in this study were higher than prevalence in the general population. This shows suicidal ideation and attempt is a mental health concern of PLWHA and it needs great attention in Ethiopia.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adugna Oluma ◽  
Muktar Abadiga ◽  
Getu Mosisa ◽  
Werku Etafa ◽  
Ginenus Fekadu

Abstract Background : Food insecurity and HIV/AIDS are intertwined in a vicious cycle through nutritional, mental health, and behavioral pathways. Food insecurity is a potentially important barrier to the success of antiretroviral treatment, increased hospitalizations, and higher morbidity among HIV-infected individuals in resource-poor settings particularly in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of food insecurity and its associated factors among adult people living with HIV/AIDS on follow up receiving ART at public hospitals of wollega zone, west Ethiopia. Methods : An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on a sample of 428 among people living with HIV/AIDS on follow up receiving anti-retroviral therapy at public hospitals of wollega zones. Data was collected using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and dietary diversity scale by interviewer-administered questionnaires. The data was checked, cleaned and entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) window version 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistics - cross-tabulation frequency table, mean, standard deviation, percentage, were employed. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used with AOR at CI 95% and p<0.05 were used. Result: The overall prevalence of food insecurity among PLWHA receiving ART therapy was 68.8% which was partitioned as mild (23.32%), moderate (29.09%) and severe (16.35%) food in secured. Being single [AOR=3.507(1.377, 8.934)], illiterate [AOR=5.234(1.747, 15.686)], cigarette smoking [AOR=3.577(2.104, 6.081)], presence of anemia (AOR=2.650(1.563, 4.493)] and inadequate dietary diversity [AOR=2.870(1.088, 7.569)] were predictors of food insecurity. Conclusion : The prevalence of food insecurity was relatively high. Educational status, marital status, cigarette smoking, presence of anemia, opportunistic infection and inadequate dietary diversity were the major significant factors affecting food insecurity. We recommended Wollega Zonal Health Bureaus to effectively intervene in behavioral modification and health information dissemination (HID) which is the key strategies to improve food security.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1095
Author(s):  
M Angga Mahalta ◽  
Rika Sabri ◽  
Rika Sabri ◽  
Mahathir Mahathir

People living with HIV (PLHIV) are group that have a weak immune system. In addition to HIV, the world is also facing the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of COVID-19 cases every time continues to increase until the current third wave. People living with HIV are a group that needs more attention in dealing with this pandemic. One way to initiate preventive action is to look at the perception of the protected aggregate. A person's level of alertness to an event can be seen from how they see the object to be perceived. Exploring the perception of people living with HIV can provide an overview of how they view and deal with COVID-19. This research use qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach. The selection of participants used purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used the Colaizzi technique. There were ten themes found in this study, the views of people living with HIV on COVID-19, feelings of people living with HIV in dealing with COVID-19, awareness of differences in immune conditions and being a vulnerable group, belief in ARVs strengthening the body's immune system, views of people living with HIV on the risk of transmitting COVID-19, PLHIV's views on health protocols, activities that strengthen the immune system, social support, adaptation of Puskesmas services during a pandemic, PLHIV's perception of vaccination. The results of the study show that people living with HIV are a vulnerable population that needs more attention, especially during this COVID-19 pandemic. Cooperation between health care workers and policy makers should be increased to reach and protect the population of PLWHIV.


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