A Canadian Multicenter Case-Control Study of the Risk of Venous Thrombosis in Car and Airplane Travelers.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 491-491
Author(s):  
Lucie Opatrny ◽  
Stanley Shapiro ◽  
Marie-Jose Miron ◽  
Yury Monczak ◽  
Susan R. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Car Travel ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: The potential association between venous thromboembolism (VTE) and travel, particularly air travel (“economy class syndrome”), has been the subject of extensive media coverage. While it is biologically plausible that prolonged travel is an independent risk factor for VTE, epidemiological data to date are conflicting, and confounders have rarely been accounted for. Aim: To determine whether there is a greater risk of exposure to travel in patients with confirmed DVT compared with patients in whom DVT is ruled out. To examine the influence of confounding variables on the relation between DVT and travel. Methods: This was a Canadian multi-center case control study. Consecutive patients presenting to the vascular laboratory with clinically suspected DVT were eligible to participate. Cases were patients with objectively confirmed DVT on venous ultrasound; controls were patients in whom DVT was ruled out. Detailed recent travel history, medications and clinical characteristics were obtained via standardized, interviewer-administered questionnaires. Genetic testing for Factor V Leiden and Prothrombin gene mutations was performed. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression analyses with adjustment for confounders and testing for interactions were performed to examine the relation between DVT and (1) any travel, and (2) duration of travel. Plane and car travel were also analyzed separately. Results: There were 359 cases and 359 controls. Mean age among cases was 56 years and 50% were male. Among controls, mean age was 64 years and 35% were male. Body mass index, smoking status and patient location (inpatient vs. out-patient) were comparable between the two groups. The crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) for exposure to travel in cases was 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78, 1.69) and 1.44 (95%CI: 0.86, 2.40), respectively. Travel of ≥ 12 hours’ duration was associated with a higher OR (adjusted OR 2.92, 95%CI: 0.54, 15.73) than shorter travel durations (adjusted OR 1.29; 95%CI: 0.62, 2.66). Analyzing plane and car travel separately showed that the adjusted OR for plane travel was 2.28 (95%CI: 0.94, 5.50) but for car travel was 1.00 (95%CI: 0.54, 1.83). Increasing durations of plane travel, but not car travel, resulted in higher ORs. For plane travel ≥ 12 hours, the crude OR was 8.22 (95%CI: 1.02, 66.05) and the adjusted OR was 7.10 (95% CI: 0.70, 72.35). No statistical interactions were detected between travel and thrombophilia, hormonal therapy, or clinical VTE risk factors. Interpretation: This is the largest case control study to date of the relation between DVT and travel that takes into account concurrent DVT risk factors. Plane travel but not car travel appears to be a mild independent risk factor for DVT. However, flights of 12 hours or longer were associated with a 7-fold increased risk of DVT. Our findings may have future implications regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis during long-haul travel.

scholarly journals Risk factors for post-bronchoscopy pneumonia: a case–control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Sato ◽  
Kengo Murata ◽  
Miake Yamamoto ◽  
Tsukasa Ishiwata ◽  
Miyako Kitazono-Saitoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tracheobronchial Stenosis ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractThe bronchoscopy, though usually safe, is occasionally associated with complications, such as pneumonia. However, the use of prophylactic antibiotics is not recommended by the guidelines of the British Thoracic Society. Thus far there are few reports of the risk factors for post-bronchoscopy pneumonia; the purpose of this study was to evaluate these risk factors. We retrospectively collected data on patients in whom post-bronchoscopy pneumonia developed from the medical records of 2,265 patients who received 2666 diagnostic bronchoscopies at our institution between April 2006 and November 2011. Twice as many patients were enrolled in the control group as in the pneumonia group. The patients were matched for age and sex. In total, 37 patients (1.4%) had post-bronchoscopy pneumonia. Univariate analysis showed that a significantly larger proportion of patients in the pneumonia group had tracheobronchial stenosis (75.7% vs 18.9%, p < 0.01) and a final diagnosis of primary lung cancer (75.7% vs 43.2%, p < 0.01) than in the control group. The pneumonia group tended to have more patients with a history of smoking (83.8% vs 67.1%, p = 0.06) or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (4.3% vs 14.9%, p = 0.14) than the control group. In multivariate analysis, we found that tracheobronchial stenosis remained an independent risk factor for post-bronchoscopy pneumonia (odds ratio: 7.8, 95%CI: 2.5–24.2). In conclusion, tracheobronchial stenosis was identified as an independent risk factor for post-bronchoscopy pneumonia by multivariate analysis in this age- and sex- matched case control study.

Risk Factors for Healthcare-Associated, Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients: A Case-Control Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateri H. Leckerman ◽  
Eileen Sherman ◽  
Jillian Knorr ◽  
Theoklis E. Zaoutis ◽  
Susan E. Coffin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Control Study

We conducted a case-control study of 46 hospitalized pediatric patients with healthcare-associated laboratory-confirmed influenza (HA-LCI). We sought to determine the characteristics and outcomes of children with HA-LGI and to identify risk factors for HA-LCI. Although we failed to identify any differences in clinical exposures during the 3 days prior to onset of HA-LCI, multivariate analysis showed that asthma was an independent risk factor for HA-LCI (odds ratio, 3.49 [95% confidence interval, 1.25–9.75]).

scholarly journals 745 Risk Factors of Incident Renal Stones in Indian Population: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Singh ◽  
S Gupta ◽  
T S Mishra ◽  
B D Banerjee ◽  
T Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Introduction Nephrolithiasis is pathological calcification in the excretory passages of the body and is prevalent among 7.6% of Indians. We aimed to study the various risk factors associated with renal stones from India. Method It was a hospital-based case-control study conducted over 18 months in a tertiary hospital in Delhi. Cases were defined as patients with renal stones diagnosed on the basis of history and radiological examination. Controls were similar to cases in all respects except for the diagnosis and selected from the hospital. A total of 18 risk factors, including age, gender, heavy metals, stress, metabolic factors, alcohol intake, dietary habits, co-morbidities, etc. were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the strength of the risk associations. Results In the analysis of 60 cases and controls, we found 6 times, 5.5 times, and 2.4 times increased odds of renal stones in patients with increased arsenic, cadmium, and lead concentrations in blood, respectively. Similarly, there are 3 times increased odds of renal stones in patients suffering from stress. Conclusions Exposure to smoke, occupation dust, and contaminated water may lead to an increased ingestion/inhalation of heavy metals like cadmium, arsenic, and predisposing people to an increased risk of renal stones.

scholarly journals SAT0077 CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSESSMENT WITH CAROTID ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN ADDITION TO THE TRADITIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 973-973
Author(s):  
R. Gonzalez Mazario ◽  
J. J. Fragio-Gil ◽  
P. Martinez Calabuig ◽  
E. Grau García ◽  
M. De la Rubia Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Carotid Ultrasonography ◽  
Control Study

Background:Cardiovascular disease (CV) is the most frequent cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. It is well known that RA acts as an independent cardiovascular risk factor.Objectives:To assess the CV risk in RA patients using carotid ultrasonography (US) additionally to the traditional CV risk factors.Methods:A prospective transversal case control study was performed, including adult RA patients who fulfilled ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria and healthy controls matched according to CV risk factors. Population over 75 years old, patients with established CV disease and/or chronic kidney failure (from III stage) were excluded. The US evaluator was blinded to the case/control condition and evaluated the presence of plaques and the intima-media thickness. Statistical analysis was performed with R (3.6.1 version) and included a multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA) and a negative binomial regression adjusted by confounding factors (age, sex and CV risk factors).Results:A total of 200 cases and 111 healthy controls were included in the study. Demographical, clinical and US data are exposed in table 1. Not any difference was detected in terms of CV risk factors between the cases and controls. In both groups a relationship between age, BMI and high blood pressure was detected (p<0.001).Table 1.Table 2.RA basal characteristicsDisease duration (years)16,98 (11,38)Erosions (X-Ray of hands/feet)163 (81,5%)Seropositive (RF/anti-CCP)146 (73%)Extra-articular symptoms44 (22%)Intersticial difusse lung disease10 (5%)Rheumatoid nodules14 (7%)Prednisone use103 (51,5%)Median dose of Prednisone last year (mg)2,34 (2,84)sDMARDsMethotrexate104 (52%)Leflunomide29 (14,5%)Hydroxycloroquine9 (4,5%)bDMARDs89 (44,5%) TNFi41 (20,5%) Abatacept15 (7,5%) IL6i22 (11%) RTX11 (5,5%)JAKi26 (13%) Baricitinib11 (5,5%) Tofacitinib15 (7,5%)DAS 28-ESR3,1 (2,3, 3,9)SDAI7,85 (4,04, 13,41)HAQ0,88 (0,22, 1,5)RF (U/mL)51 (15, 164,25)Anti-CCP (U/mL)173 (22, 340)Patients showed higher intima-media (both right and left) thickness compared to controls (p<0.006). Moreover it was also related to the disease duration and DAS28 score (p<0.001). A higher plaque account was noted in cases(p<0.004) and it was also related to the disease duration (p<0.001).Conclusion:RA implies a higher CV risk. Traditional CV risk factors explains only partially the global risk. These findings support that RA acts as an independent cardiovascular risk factor.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Association of smoking with coronary artery disease in Nepalese populations: a case control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-685
Author(s):  
Til Bahadur Basnet ◽  
Cheng Xu ◽  
Manthar Ali Mallah ◽  
Wiwik Indayati ◽  
Cheng Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychosocial Risk Factor ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Control Study

Abstract There are well-known traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Among them, smoking is one of the most prominent and modifiable risk factors. This study aims to determine the magnitude of smoking as a risk factor for CAD in the Nepalese population. A hospital-based age- and sex-matched case–control study was carried out with a total of 612 respondents. Bivariate analysis showed that the risk of developing CAD in ex-smokers and current smokers was higher (odds ratio (OR): 1.81 (confidence interval (CI): 1.21–2.7) and OR: 5.2 (CI: 3.4–7.97)), with p-values less than 0.004 and &lt;0.00001, respectively, compared to the risk in never smokers. From stratified socio-demographic, cardio-metabolic, behavioural and psychosocial risk factor analysis, smoking was found to be associated with CAD in almost all subgroups. In the subsequent multivariate analysis, adjustment for socio-demographic, cardio-metabolic and psychosocial risk factors showed a steady increase in risk. However, further adjustment for behavioural risk factors (alcohol use and physical activity) showed that the risk was attenuated by 59% in current smokers. After adjusting for the covariates, current smokers and ex-smokers had an increased risk of CAD (OR: 6.64, 95% CI: 3.64–12.12, p &lt; 0.00001; OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.08–3.31, p &lt; 0.012, respectively) compared with non-smokers. In conclusion, smoking was found to increase the risk of CAD in the Nepalese population.

Risk factors and outcomes of postoperative emergency response team activation: a matched case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Matthew I Hardman ◽  
◽  
S Chandralekha Kruthiventi ◽  
Michelle R Schmugge ◽  
Alexandre N Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVE: To determine patient and perioperative characteristics associated with unexpected postoperative clinical deterioration as determined for the need of a postoperative emergency response team (ERT) activation. DESIGN: Retrospective case–control study. SETTING: Tertiary academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients who underwent general anaesthesia discharged to regular wards between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015 and required ERT activation within 48 postoperative hours. Controls were matched based on age, sex and procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline patient and perioperative characteristics were abstracted to develop a multiple logistic regression model to assess for potential associations for increased risk for postoperative ERT. RESULTS: Among 105 345 patients, 797 had ERT calls, with a rate of 7.6 (95% CI, 7.1–8.1) calls per 1000 anaesthetics (0.76%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the following risk factors for postoperative ERT: cardiovascular disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.18–2.18), neurological disease (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.11–2.22), preoperative gabapentin (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.17–2.20), longer surgical duration (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11, per 30 min), emergency procedure (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09–2.18), and intraoperative use of colloids (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.17–1.92). Compared with control participants, ERT patients had a longer hospital stay, a higher rate of admissions to critical care (55.5%), increased postoperative complications, and a higher 30-day mortality rate (OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.73–6.54). CONCLUSION: We identified several patient and procedural characteristics associated with increased likelihood of postoperative ERT activation. ERT intervention is a marker for increased rates of postoperative complications and death.

scholarly journals Prehospital delay is an important risk factor for mortality in community-acquired bloodstream infection (CA-BSI): a matched case–control study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e052582
Author(s):  
Martin Holmbom ◽  
Maria Andersson ◽  
Sören Berg ◽  
Dan Eklund ◽  
Pernilla Sobczynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Important Risk Factor ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Prehospital Delay ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Control Study

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify prehospital and early hospital risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients with blood culture-confirmed community-acquired bloodstream infection (CA-BSI) in Sweden.MethodsA retrospective case–control study of 1624 patients with CA-BSI (2015–2016), 195 non-survivors satisfying the inclusion criteria were matched 1:1 with 195 survivors for age, gender and microorganism. All forms of contact with a healthcare provider for symptoms of infection within 7 days prior CA-BSI episode were registered. Logistic regression was used to analyse risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality.ResultsOf the 390 patients, 61% (115 non-survivors and 121 survivors) sought prehospital contact. The median time from first prehospital contact till hospital admission was 13 hours (6–52) for non-survivors and 7 hours (3–24) for survivors (p<0.01). Several risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality were identified: prehospital delay OR=1.26 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.47), p<0.01; severity of illness (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score) OR=1.60 (95% CI: 1.40 to 1.83), p<0.01; comorbidity score (updated Charlson Index) OR=1.13 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.22), p<0.01 and inadequate empirical antimicrobial therapy OR=3.92 (95% CI: 1.64 to 9.33), p<0.01. In a multivariable model, prehospital delay >24 hours from first contact remained an important risk factor for 30-day all-cause mortality due to CA-BSI OR=6.17 (95% CI: 2.19 to 17.38), p<0.01.ConclusionPrehospital delay and inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy were found to be important risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality associated with CA-BSI. Increased awareness and earlier detection of BSI in prehospital and early hospital care is critical for rapid initiation of adequate management and antibiotic treatment.

Opium use as an independent risk factor for pancreatic cancer: A case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 102017
Author(s):  
Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami ◽  
Maryam Marzban ◽  
Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi ◽  
Zaher Khazaei ◽  
Mohammad Javad Zahedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Opium Use

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Other Multiple Sclerosis Environmental Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuha M. Alkhawajah ◽  
Salman Aljarallah ◽  
Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb ◽  
Mohammad Osama Almohaini ◽  
Taim A. Muayqil
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Introduction There are a number of well-established risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). Other factors however, showed conflicting or non-consistent results. Here we examine some factors that are unique to or more practiced in Saudi Arabia (SA) and the Arab region such as waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS), face veiling, raw milk (RM), and camel milk (CM) consumption, tuberculosis (TB) infection in addition to other traditional factors. Methods This is a sex and age matched case-control study in which we used a structured questionnaire to examine the relation between a number of factors and exposures and the risk of MS. Three hundred MS patients and 601 controls were included. Data was analyzed across different statistical models using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, marital status, duration of breastfeeding, age first joining school, coffee consumption, and face exposure. Results Cigarette smoking [OR = 1.79, (95% CI 1.01-3.17), P =0.047)], WTS [OR = 2.25, (95% CI 1.21-4.15), P =0.010)], and CM consumption [OR = 2.50, (95% CI 1.20-5.21), P =0.014)] increased the risk of MS. While performing hajj [OR = 0.47, (95% CI 0.34-0.67), P =0.001)], TB infection [OR = 0.29, (95% CI 0.11-0.78), P =0.015)], face veiling [OR = 0.32, (95% CI 0.23-0.47), P =0.001)] and coffee consumption [OR =0.67, (95% CI 0.49-0.89), P =0.008)], appeared to be associated with decreased risk. No association was found between fast food, processed meat, soft drinks, animal milk (other than camel) or RM consumption and the risk of MS. Conclusion The results of this case-control study confirm that different means of tobacco smoking are associated with increased risk of MS. It also sheds more light on the complex association between infections and MS.

Food insecurity and lipid profile abnormalities are associated with an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helda Tutunchi ◽  
Maryam Saghafi-Asl ◽  
Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi ◽  
Alireza Ostadrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important public health problem and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the relation between food insecurity and NAFLD. This study aimed to assess the relationship between food insecurity, risk factors associated with food insecurity, and NAFLD prevalence in a sample of Iranian adults.Methods In this age-matched and gender-matched case–control study, 210 subjects were recruited. NAFLD diagnosis was performed by a single expert radiologist using ultrasonography. The demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, anthropometric indices, body composition, along with food insecurity and depression status were assessed. Blood samples were collected to determine the lipid profile parameters. Chi-square, independent samples t-test, and uni-and multi-variate logistic regression tests were used. Data were analysed using SPSS V.23.0.Results The prevalence of food insecurity was 56.8% and 26.1% in cases and controls ( P<0.001 ), respectively. According to final analysis model, food insecurity, depression, number of children≥4, overweight, and obesity were identified as significant independent risk factors for NAFLD. The chance of NAFLD in the food insecure, depressed, overweight, and obese subjects was 2.2 (95%CI:1.12-3.43), 1.9 (95%CI:1.02-3.62), 2.6 (95% CI:1.81-3.92), and 2.9 (95%CI:2.02- 5.34) times higher, respectively. Additionally, a higher waist circumference (men, OR = 2.9, P<0.001 ; women, OR= 2.6, P<0.001 ), an elevated waist-to-hip ratio (men, OR = 2.3, P<0.001 ; women, OR= 2.7, P<0.001 ), an increased waist-to-height ratio (OR = 2.9, P<0.001 ), and a higher body fat percentage (men, OR = 3.0, P<0.001 ; women, OR= 3.3, P<0.001 ) were independently associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. The odds of NAFLD increased by increment in serum triglyceride (TG) levels (OR = 2.6, P<0.001 ) and decreased by increase in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR = 0.34, P<0.001 ). Compared to controls, NAFLD patients were more likely to have higher TG/HDL-C ratio (OR = 3.3, P<0.001 ).Conclusions The prevalence of food insecurity in patients with NAFLD was significantly higher compared to controls. Food insecurity was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Additionally, NAFLD was significantly related to some indicators of dyslipidemia.

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