scholarly journals Thrombelastographic Observations on the Characteristics of Hemophilic, Thrombocytopenic and Heparinized Blood

Blood ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIETRO DE NICOLA ◽  
G. M. MAZZETTI
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Maximal Amplitude ◽  
Made In

Abstract 1. Thrombelastographic determinations were made in cases of AHG-, PTC- and PTA-deficiencies, in thrombocytopenias and in normal plasmas after the addition, in vitro, of heparin and synthetic heparin-like substances. 2. The components of the thrombelastogram (TEG) were correlated with respect to the reaction time (r), the rate of clot formations (k), and the maximal amplitude (ma). 3. The differentiation of the hemophilic and thrombocytopenic syndromes was made on the basis of the typical variations of r, k and ma: prolonged r and k in hemophilia, prolonged k and decreased ma in thrombocytopenias. 4. The behavior of heparinized blood was characterized by a hemophilia-like prolongation of r and k and a thrombocytopenic-like decrease of ma, with variations depending on the compound used. 5. The correlations between the r, k and ma values of TEG are suggested for the evaluation of thrombelastography.

Potential of Nanoparticles in Combating Candida Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizan Abul Qais ◽  
Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan ◽  
Iqbal Ahmad ◽  
Abdullah Safar Althubiani
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
Made In

Aims: The aim of this review is to survey the recent progress made in developing the nanoparticles as antifungal agents especially the nano-based formulations being exploited for the management of Candida infections. Discussion: In the last few decades, there has been many-fold increase in fungal infections including candidiasis due to the increased number of immunocompromised patients worldwide. The efficacy of available antifungal drugs is limited due to its associated toxicity and drug resistance in clinical strains. The recent advancements in nanobiotechnology have opened a new hope for the development of novel formulations with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, improved drug delivery and low toxicity. Conclusion: Metal nanoparticles have shown to possess promising in vitro antifungal activities and could be effectively used for enhanced and targeted delivery of conventionally used drugs. The synergistic interaction between nanoparticles and various antifungal agents have also been reported with enhanced antifungal activity.

Structural and Genetic Aspects of Proline-rich Proteins

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bennick
Keyword(s):  
General Structure ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
In Vitro Translation ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Single Precursor ◽  
Made In

Considerable advances have been made in the genetics of salivary proline-rich proteins (PRP). The genes for acidic, basic, and glycosylated PRP have been cloned. They code for precursor proteins that all have an acidic N-terminal followed by proline-rich repeat sequences. Structural studies on secreted proteins have demonstrated that not only acidic but also some basic PRPs have this general structure. It is possible that mRNA for different PRP may have originated from a single gene by differential mRNA splicing, but post-translational cleavages of the primary translation product apparently also occur. In vitro translation of salivary gland mRNA results in a single precursor protein for acidic PRP. Such in vitro translated protein can be cleaved by salivary kallikrein, giving rise to two commonly secreted acidic PRPs, and kallikrein or kallikrein-like enzymes may be responsible for other post-translational cleavages of PRPs. Acidic as well as some basic PRPs are phosphorylated. A protein kinase has been demonstrated in salivary glands which phosphorylates the PRPs and other secreted salivary proteins in a cAMP and Ca2+-calmodulinindependent manner. Knowledge of the conformation of PRPs is limited. There is no conclusive evidence of polyproline-like structure in the proline-rich part of PRPs. Ca2+ binding studies on acidic PRPs indicate that there is interaction between the Ca2+ binding N-terminal end and the proline-rich C-terminal part. This interaction is relieved by modification of arginine side-chains. 1H, 32P, and 43Ca NMR studies have further elucidated the conformation of acidic PRPs in solution. Present evidence shows that salivary PRPs constitute a unique superfamily of proteins which pose a number of interesting questions concerning gene structure, pre- and post-translational modifications, and protein conformation.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF HINGULESWARA RASABASED HERBOMINERAL FORMULATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Abhishek Chatterjee ◽  
Dileep Singh Baghel ◽  
Bimlesh Kumar ◽  
Saurabh Singh ◽  
Narendra Kumar Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Made In ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Objective: The aims of the present investigation were to develop the herbal and/or herbomineral formulations of Hinguleswara rasa and to compare their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, in vitro, with that of standard drug samples.Methods: This study was an interventional investigation in three samples: In the first sample, Hinguleswara rasa (HR1) was prepared as per methodology described in Rasatarangini using Shuddha Hingula (10 g), Shuddha Vatsanabha (10 g), and Pippali (10 g). In the second and third sample, respectively, Hinguleswara rasa was prepared by replacing Shuddha Hingula with Kajjali where Kajjali made from Hingulotha parada and Sodhita parada constitutes two varieties of Hinguleswara rasa, i.e. HR2 and HR3. In vitro antioxidant activity was studied using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and the absorbance was recorded at 517 nm. For evaluating the in vitro anti-inflammatory studies, the inhibition of albumin denaturation technique was performed.Results: The results showed that the formulation of Hinguleswara rasa has shown dose-dependent activity which was observed in 100 μg concentration. HR1, HR2, and HR3 showed 36.11, 17.22, and 16.11% radical scavenging activity.Conclusion: It could be concluded that the changes made in the formulations did not affect the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the herbomineral formulations.

scholarly journals Involvement of single-stranded tails in homologous recombination of DNA injected into Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei.

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 3268-3277 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Maryon ◽  
D Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocyte ◽  
Molecular Models ◽  
Mixed Substrates ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Recombination Pathway ◽  
Made In

Homologous recombination of DNA molecules injected into Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei is extremely efficient when those molecules are linear and have overlapping homologous ends. It was previously shown that a 5'----3' exonuclease activity in oocytes attacks injected linear DNAs and leaves them with single-stranded 3' tails. We tested the hypothesis that such tailed molecules are early intermediates on the pathway to recombination products. Substrates with 3' tails were made in vitro and injected into oocytes, where they recombined rapidly and efficiently. In experiments with mixed substrates, molecules with 3' tails entered recombination intermediates and products more rapidly than did molecules with flush ends. Molecules endowed in vitro with 5' tails also recombined efficiently in oocytes, but their rate was not faster than for flush-ended substrates. In most cases, the 5' tails served as templates for resynthesis of the 3' strands, regenerating duplex ends which then entered the normal recombination pathway. In oocytes from one animal, some of the 5' tails were removed, and this was exacerbated when resynthesis was partially blocked. Analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of recombination intermediates from 5'-tailed substrates confirmed that they had acquired 3' tails as a result of the action of the 5'----3' exonuclease. These results demonstrate that homologous recombination in oocytes proceeds via a pathway that involves single-stranded 3' tails. Molecular models incorporating this feature are discussed.

Effect of Ethanol/Trisodium Citrate Lock on Microorganisms Causing Hemodialysis Catheter-Related Infections

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Takla ◽  
S.A. Zelenitsky ◽  
L.M. Vercaigne
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Hemodialysis Catheter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lock Solution ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth ◽  
Made In

Purpose This in vitro study tested the effectiveness of a novel 30% ethanol/4% trisodium citrate (TSC) lock solution against the most common pathogens causing hemodialysis catheter-related infections. Methods Clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (n=4), methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) (n=8), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) (n=8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=4) and Escherichia coli (n=4) were tested in duplicate. Bacterial suspensions of each isolate were made in a control solution of normal saline and Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB), and in a lock solution of ethanol 30%, TSC 4% and MHB. Suspensions were incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. Colony counts were determined from samples collected at t=0 h (before exposure to the ethanol/TSC lock), t=1 h (one hour after exposure to the ethanol/TSC lock), t=24 h and t=48 h. To confirm the absence of viable organisms in the lock solution, the remaining volume at 48 h was filtered through a 0.45 μm filter. The filter was rinsed with 15 mL sterile water and plated on tryptic soy agar (TSA). Results All controls demonstrated significant growth over 48 h. In the lock solutions, initial inocula were reduced to 0 viable colonies by t=1 h (6-log kill), and there was no growth at t=24 and 48 h. Filtering of lock solutions also showed no growth. These results were consistent among duplicates of all isolates. Conclusions The 30% ethanol/4% TSC lock solution consistently eradicated MRSA, MSSA, MRSE, P. aeruginosa and E. coli within 1 h of exposure. Experiments are currently underway to test this novel lock solution on preventing biofilm production by these pathogens.

scholarly journals Effect of intron mutations on processing and function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SUP53 tRNA in vitro and in vivo.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2663-2673 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Strobel ◽  
J Abelson
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Trna Gene ◽  
Nuclear Extract ◽  
Nonsense Suppression ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Made In

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae leucine-inserting amber suppressor tRNA gene SUP53 (a tRNALeu3 allele) was used to investigate the relationship between precursor tRNA structure and mature tRNA function. This gene encodes a pre-tRNA which contains a 32-base intron. The mature tRNASUP53 contains a 5-methylcytosine modification of the anticodon wobble base. Mutations were made in the SUP53 intron. These mutant genes were transcribed in an S. cerevisiae nuclear extract preparation. In this extract, primary tRNA gene transcripts are end-processed and base modified after addition of cofactors. The base modifications made in vitro were examined, and the mutant pre-tRNAs were analyzed for their ability to serve as substrates for partially purified S. cerevisiae tRNA endonuclease and ligase. Finally, the suppressor function of these mutant tRNA genes was assayed after their integration into the S. cerevisiae genome. Mutant analysis showed that the totally intact precursor tRNA, rather than any specific sequence or structure of the intron, was necessary for efficient nonsense suppression by tRNASUP53. Less efficient suppressor activity correlated with the absence of the 5-methylcytosine modification. Most of the intron-altered precursor tRNAs were successfully spliced in vitro, indicating that modifications are not critical for recognition by the tRNA endonuclease and ligase.

Formation, translocation and resolution of Holliday junctions during homologous genetic recombination

1995 ◽  
Vol 347 (1319) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Holliday Junctions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Endonucleolytic Cleavage ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Over the past three or four years, great strides have been made in our understanding of the proteins involved in recombination and the mechanisms by which recombinant molecules are formed. This review summarizes our current understanding of the process by focusing on recent studies of proteins involved in the later steps of recombination in bacteria. In particular, biochemical investigation of the in vitro properties of the E. coli RuvA, RuvB and RuvC proteins have provided our first insight into the novel molecular mechanisms by which Holliday junctions are moved along DNA and then resolved by endonucleolytic cleavage.

scholarly journals Effect of Cortical Bone Thickness on Detection of Intraosseous Lesions by Ultrasonography

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Adibi ◽  
Alireza Shakibafard ◽  
Zohreh Karimi Sarvestani ◽  
Najmeh Saadat ◽  
Leila Khojastepour
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness ◽  
Bony Lesion ◽  
Ultrasonic Assessment ◽  
Central Lesions ◽  
Made In

Background. Usefulness of ultrasound (US) in detection of intrabony lesions has been showed. A cortical bone perforation or a very thin and intact cortical bone is prerequisite for this purpose.Objective. The current in vitro study was aimed at measuring the cut-off thickness of the overlying cortical bone which allows ultrasonic assessment of bony defects.Materials and Methods. 20 bovine scapula blocks were obtained. Samples were numbered from 1 to 20. In each sample, 5 artificial lesions were made. The lesions were made in order to increase the overlying bone thickness, from 0.1 mm in the first sample to 2 mm in the last one (with 0.1 mm interval). After that, the samples underwent ultrasound examinations by two practicing radiologists.Results. All five lesions in samples numbered 1 to 11 were detected as hypoechoic area. Cortical bone thickness more than 1.1 mm resulted in a failure in the detection of central lesions.Conclusion. We can conclude that neither bony perforation nor very thin cortical bones are needed to consider US to be an effective imaging technique in the evaluation of bony lesion.

scholarly journals An In Vitro–In Vivo Simulation Approach for the Prediction of Bioequivalence

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 555
Author(s):  
Marilena Vlachou ◽  
Vangelis Karalis
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Bioequivalence Study ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Monte Carlo Techniques ◽  
In Vivo Kinetics ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Made In

The aim of this study was to develop a new in vitro–in vivo simulation (IVIVS) approach in order to predict the outcome of a bioequivalence study. The predictability of the IVIVS procedure was evaluated through its application in the development process of a new generic product of amlodipine/irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide. The developed IVIVS methodology is composed of three parts: (a) mathematical description of in vitro dissolution profiles, (b) mathematical description of in vivo kinetics, and (c) development of joint in vitro–in vivo simulations. The entire programming was done in MATLAB® and all created scripts were validated through other software. The IVIVS approach can be implemented for any number of subjects, clinical design, variability and can be repeated for thousands of times using Monte Carlo techniques. The probability of success of each scenario is recorded and finally, an overall assessment is made in order to select the most suitable batch. Alternatively, if the IVIVS shows reduced probability of BE success, the R&D department is advised to reformulate the product. In this study, the IVIVS approach predicted successfully the BE outcome of the three drugs. During the development of generics, the IVIVS approach can save time and expenses.

Adhesive bond strength between orthodontic resin and acrylic surfaces

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Evelyn Guadalupe Torres-Capetillo ◽  
Guadalupe Rosalía Capetillo-Hernández ◽  
Laura Roesch-Ramos ◽  
Flora Moreno-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Adhesive Bond ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Fine Diamond ◽  
Adhesive Bond Strength ◽  
Application Protocols ◽  
Made In

The use of orthodontic treatments in patients with temporary prostheses has been increasing, the purpose of this in vitro research is to measure the adhesive bond strength between orthodontic resin and acrylic surfaces by applying different procedures. Objective. To compare the adhesive bonding strength between orthodontic resin and acrylic surfaces under different application protocols. Methodology. Transversal, experimental, prospective study. In vitro with acrylic provisions, was carried out in the laboratory of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universidad Veracruzana region of Veracruz. In the period of February-June of the year 2019. The sample was conformed by two control groups of specimens and four experimental ones, each group conformed by 20 specimens, in total 120 provisional ones were made in acrylic Nic Tone of quick self-cure. The tests performed by the ULTRATESTER machine were expressed in MPa. Later, the data obtained were processed in Excel tables (version) for statistical processing in SPSS version 24. Contribution. When comparing the pre-cutting protocol of acrylic surfaces with fine diamond bur and the protocol without pre-cutting, no statistically significant differences were found, therefore, this step could be omitted in clinical practice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document