scholarly journals Genetic stability, genetic variation, and fitness performance of the genetic sexing Salaya1 strain for Bactrocera dorsalis, under long-term mass rearing conditions

BMC Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidchaya Aketarawong ◽  
Siriwan Isasawin ◽  
Kamoltip Laohakieat ◽  
Sujinda Thanaphum
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Two Generations

Abstract Background A genetic sexing strain (GSS) is an essential component for pest control using the sterile insect technique (SIT). A GSS is developed using a combination of Y-autosome translocation and a selectable marker such as pupal color, resulting in heterozygous males and homozygous females that possess wild-type brown pupae (wp+) and mutant white pupae (wp) alleles, respectively. The genetic sexing Salaya1 strain developed for Bactrocera dorsalis was evaluated using a clean stream and scaled-up for subsequent production lines (e.g., initiation, injection, and release). Colony management under small- and large-scale conditions for long-term rearing may affect the sexing system, genetic background, and fitness performance of the strain. Routine monitoring was applied to study genetic stability, genetic variation, and male mating competitiveness. Results The percentage of recombinants was significantly different between males (wp) and females (wp+), ranging between 0.21–0.43% and 0.01–0.04%, respectively. Using 106 bands from six ISSR markers, the genetic backgrounds of two generations (F40 and F108) of the clean stream were found to be almost identical (0.960), and between those two generations and the wild population, the similarities were 0.840 and 0.800, respectively. In addition, the sterile males performed well in competitive mating with fertile females (Relative Sterility Index = 0.67 ± 0.13). The rates of fliers calculated from both clean and release streams were higher than 0.95. Regarding the fitness of the Salaya1 strain, the fertility and pupal recovery were similar in all production lines. The sex ratio (Male/Female) distortion was also recorded. Conclusions The Salaya1 strain reared at the mass-rearing facility retained its genetic stability, genetic variation, behavior (e.g., competitive mating and flight ability), and traits related to fitness for at least 10 consecutive generations. The filter rearing system is effective at minimising the selection pressure while maintaining the genetic background and fitness performances of the clean stream. These characteristics were stable throughout the production lines. In addition, the production efficiency is comparable among the different production lines and other similar types of GSSs.

scholarly journals Quantification and Impact of Cold Storage and Heat Exposure on Mass Rearing Program of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera:Tephritidae) Genetic Sexing Strain

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Jia Lin ◽  
Hanano Yamada ◽  
Ningfeng Lu ◽  
Guofu Ao ◽  
Weiwei Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Genetic Sexing Strain ◽  
The Impact

Cold storage and heat exposure are crucial components of tephritid fruit fly mass-rearing programs, as they influence the development and fitness traits of produced flies. This work investigated the effects of cold storage on the pupal developmental parameters and quality of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) genetic sexing strain (GSS) adults. Furthermore, the impact of short-term thermal exposure on the fecundity of B. dorsalis (GSS) that also underwent pupal cold storage was examined. Our results show that pupal development time, emergence rate, partial emergence rate, flight ability and fecundity were significantly affected by low temperature and pupal age and their interaction. Pupal cold storage did not pose negative impacts on the mating competition and response to methyl eugenol (ME) in the males. In addition, compared with the adults that were subjected to the same pupal storage protocol (five-day-old pupae stored at 13 °C), adult exposure to 41 °C for 1 h showed significant reparative effects on fecundity. In summary, the cold storage procedure of B. dorsalis (GSS) pupae has the potential to improve the flexibility and efficiency of mass-rearing schedules. Furthermore, short-term thermal exposure showed reparative effects on the fecundity costs induced by pupal cold storage in B. dorsalis (GSS).

scholarly journals A Novel Genetic Sexing Strain of Anastrepha Ludens for Cost-Effective Sterile Insect Technique Applications: Improved Genetic Stability and Rearing Efficiency

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Edwin Ramírez-Santos ◽  
Pedro Rendon ◽  
Georgia Gouvi ◽  
Antigone Zacharopoulou ◽  
Kostas Bourtzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Genetic Sexing Strain

Anastrepha ludens (Loew) is one of the most destructive insect pests damaging several fruits of economic importance. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is used under an area-wide integrated pest management approach, to suppress these pest populations. Mass rearing facilities were initially established to produce sterile males of bi-sexual strains in support of SIT. The first genetic sexing strain (GSS) for A. ludens, Tapachula-7, based on pupal color dimorphism, was a key development since the release of males-only significantly increases the SIT efficiency. In this study, we document the development of a novel pupal color-based GSS. Twelve radiation-induced translocation lines were assessed as potential GSS in terms of recombination rates and rearing efficiency at a small scale. The best one, GUA10, was cytogenetically characterized: it was shown to carry a single translocation between the Y chromosome and chromosome 2, which is known to carry the black pupae marker. This GSS was further evaluated at medium and large scales regarding its genetic stability, productivity and quality versus Tapachula-7. GUA10 presented better genetic stability, fecundity, fertility, production efficiency, flying ability, and male mating, clear indicators that GUA10 GSS can significantly improve the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of SIT applications against this pest species.

scholarly journals Medfly-Wolbachia symbiosis: genotype x genotype interactions determine host’s life history traits under mass rearing conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios A. Kyritsis ◽  
Antonios A. Augustinos ◽  
Ioannis Livadaras ◽  
Carlos Cáceres ◽  
Kostas Bourtzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rearing Conditions

Abstract Background Wolbachia pipientis is a widespread, obligatory intracellular and maternally inherited bacterium, that induces a wide range of reproductive alterations to its hosts. Cytoplasmic Incompatibility (CI) is causing embryonic lethality, the most common of them. Despite that Wolbachia-borne sterility has been proposed as an environmental friendly pest control method (Incompatible Insect Technique, IIT) since 1970s, the fact that Wolbachia modifies important fitness components of its hosts sets severe barriers to IIT implementation. Mass rearing of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (medfly), is highly optimized given that this pest is a model species regarding the implementation of another sterility based pest control method, the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). We used the medfly-Wolbachia symbiotic association, as a model system, to study the effect of two different Wolbachia strains, on the life history traits of 2 C. capitata lines with different genomic background. Results Wolbachia effects are regulated by both C. capitata genetic background and the Wolbachia strain. Wolbachia infection reduces fertility rates in both C. capitata genetic backgrounds and shortens the pre-pupa developmental duration in the GSS strain. On the other hand, regardless of the strain of Wolbachia (wCer2, wCer4) infection does not affect either the sex ratio or the longevity of adults. wCer4 infection imposed a reduction in females’ fecundity but wCer2 did not. Male mating competitiveness, adults flight ability and longevity under water and food deprivation were affected by both the genetic background of medfly and the strain of Wolbachia (genotype by genotype interaction). Conclusion Wolbachia infection could alter important life history traits of mass-reared C. capitata lines and therefore the response of each genotype on the Wolbachia infection should be considered toward ensuring the productivity of the Wolbachia-infected insects under mass-rearing conditions.

scholarly journals Quality control of long-term mass-reared Aedes albopictus for population suppression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjun Li ◽  
Meichun Zhang ◽  
Xiaohua Wang ◽  
Xiaoying Zheng ◽  
Zhiyong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Effective Population

AbstractThe endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia is being developed as a tool to suppress mosquito populations and their transmitted pathogens, with successful field trials in multiple countries having resulted in efforts to scale up the capacity to mass-produce mosquitoes for release. However, major challenges exist to achieving this goal, including concerns that mass-reared mosquitoes will adapt to laboratory conditions during long-term maintenance and experience inbreeding depression, resulting in poor performance of the released mosquitoes in the field. Here, we assessed the performance of the Aedes albopictus HC line infected with a triple-strain Wolbachia after mass-rearing at scaled-up densities of up to 15 million mosquitoes per week for over 50 generations. In comparison with the wild-type GUA line, the HC mosquitoes had desirable characteristics for mass-rearing and release, including robust male mating competitiveness, high female reproductive capacity, reduced vector competence for dengue virus, and increased Wolbachia density. Although the larval survival rate of the HC and GUA lines was similar, the HC larvae developed significantly faster, possibly because of up-regulation of the molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone-related gene E75 in the HC larvae. Our results indicate that over many generations mass-reared mosquito lines can retain their quality if large effective population sizes with sufficient genetic heterogeneity are maintained under optimized rearing conditions and demonstrate the long-term feasibility of deploying Wolbachia-based approaches for area-wide management of mosquito vectors for disease control.

Genetic background of cholesterol absorption efficacy. The role of Niemann–Pick C1-like 1 receptor and its genetic variation in lipid metabolism

2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (34) ◽  
pp. 1376-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariann Harangi ◽  
István Balogh ◽  
János Harangi ◽  
György Paragh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Niemann Pick

A Niemann–Pick C1-like-1 egy szterolfelismerő domént tartalmazó membránfehérje, amelyet nagy számban expresszálnak csúcsi felszínükön a bélhámsejtek. Az utóbbi évek vizsgálatai azt igazolták, hogy ez a fehérje szükséges a szabad koleszterin bejutásához a bélhámsejtekbe a bél lumenéből. Biokémiai vizsgálatok azt igazolták, hogy a Niemann–Pick C1-like-1-hez kötődik az ezetimib, amely egy hatékony koleszterinfelszívódást gátló szer. A bélből történő koleszterinfelszívódás ütemében és az ezetimibkezelés hatékonyságában tapasztalt egyéni eltérések hátterében felmerült néhány Niemann–Pick C1-like-1 génvariáció oki szerepe.

ANALYSIS OF ABDOMINAL TYPHOID INCIDENCE IN THE SOUTH REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Zakirova J.S. ◽  
Nadirbekova R.A. ◽  
Zholdoshev S.T.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Immunological Deficiency

The article analyze the long-term morbidity, spread of typhoid fever in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz republic, and remains a permanent epidemic focus in the Jalal-Abad region, where against the low availability of the population to high-quality drinking water, an additional factor on the body for more than two generations and radiation factor, which we confirmed by the spread among the inhabitants of Mailuu-Suu of nosological forms of the syndrome of immunological deficiency, as a predictor of risk groups for infectious diseases, including typhoid fever.

Social Cohesion, Breaks, and Transformations in Italy, 535–600

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Pohl
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Ancient Society ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Classical Culture

When the Gothic War began in Italy in 535, the country still conserved many features of classical culture and late antique administration. Much of that was lost in the political upheavals of the following decades. Building on Chris Wickham’s work, this contribution sketches an integrated perspective of these changes, attempting to relate the contingency of events to the logic of long-term change, discussing political options in relation to military and economic means, and asking in what ways the erosion of consensus may be understood in a cultural and religious context. What was the role of military entrepreneurs of more or less barbarian or Roman extraction in the distribution or destruction of resources? How did Christianity contribute to the transformation of ancient society? The old model of barbarian invasions can contribute little to understanding this complex process. It is remarkable that for two generations, all political strategies in Italy ultimately failed.

scholarly journals Long-Term Experimental Evolution in Escherichia coli. VI. Environmental Constraints on Adaptation and Divergence

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Travisano
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Asymmetric Pattern ◽  
Nutrient Environment ◽  
Mean Fitness ◽  
Population Genetic Variation

The effect of environment on adaptation and divergence was examined in two sets of populations of Escherichia coli selected for 1000 generations in either maltose- or glucose-limited media. Twelve replicate populations selected in maltose-limited medium improved in fitness in the selected environment, by an average of 22.5%. Statistically significant among-population genetic variation for fitness was observed during the course of the propagation, but this variation was small relative to the fitness improvement. Mean fitness in a novel nutrient environment, glucose-limited medium, improved to the same extent as in the selected environment, with no statistically significant among-population genetic variation. In contrast, 12 replicate populations previously selected for 1000 generations in glucose-limited medium showed no improvement, as a group, in fitness in maltose-limited medium and substantial genetic variation. This asymmetric pattern of correlated responses suggests that small changes in the environment can have profound effects on adaptation and divergence.

Inherited and Environmentally Induced Differences in Mutation Frequencies Between Wild Strains of Sordaria fimicola From “Evolution Canyon”

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Bernard C Lamb ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
William Scott ◽  
Nina Thapa ◽  
Eviatar Nevo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
The South ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation ◽  
The North ◽  
Ascospore Germination ◽  
Evolution Canyon ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Sordaria Fimicola

Abstract We have studied whether there is natural genetic variation for mutation frequencies, and whether any such variation is environment-related. Mutation frequencies differed significantly between wild strains of the fungus Sordaria fimicola isolated from a harsher or a milder microscale environment in “Evolution Canyon,” Israel. Strains from the harsher, drier, south-facing slope had higher frequencies of new spontaneous mutations and of accumulated mutations than strains from the milder, lusher, north-facing slope. Collective total mutation frequencies over many loci for ascospore pigmentation were 2.3, 3.5 and 4.4% for three strains from the south-facing slope, and 0.9, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.3% for five strains from the north-facing slope. Some of this between-slope difference was inherited through two generations of selfing, with average spontaneous mutation frequencies of 1.9% for south-facing slope strains and 0.8% for north-facing slope strains. The remainder was caused by different frequencies of mutations arising in the original environments. There was also significant heritable genetic variation in mutation frequencies within slopes. Similar between-slope differences were found for ascospore germination-resistance to acriflavine, with much higher frequencies in strains from the south-facing slope. Such inherited variation provides a basis for natural selection for optimum mutation rates in each environment.

scholarly journals Pupation Substrate Type and Volume Affect Pupation, Quality Parameters and Production Costs of a Reproductive Colony of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) VIENNA 8 Genetic Sexing Strain

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Carlos Pascacio-Villafán ◽  
Luis Quintero-Fong ◽  
Larissa Guillén ◽  
José Pedro Rivera-Ciprian ◽  
Reynaldo Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Genetic Sexing Strain

Adequate pupation substrates and substrate volume are critical factors in the mass-rearing of insects for Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) applications. To identify an ideal pupation substrate for a reproductive colony of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) VIENNA 8 genetic sexing strain, we first examined pupation in cellulose from recycled paper (cellulose I), sawdust, fine wheat bran, vermiculite and coconut fiber using a volume of 2.5–12.5 mL of substrate for each 5 mL volume of fly larvae. We found a positive relationship between substrate volume and pupation, with cellulose I generating the highest proportions of pupation and coconut fiber the lowest. Higher proportions of female flies (white pupae) pupated in sawdust. The proportion of female fliers increased as substrate volume rose in sawdust and coconut fiber, whereas it decreased in vermiculite and cellulose. In a second experiment, we tested three types of cellulose differing in physicochemical characteristics (celluloses I, II and III), sawdust, and fine wheat bran using a substrate:larvae ratio of 1:1. The three types of cellulose produced the highest pupation levels. The highest proportions of female fliers were observed in sawdust, and cellulose types III and II. Cellulose III and sawdust at relatively low volumes were more cost-effective to produce one million pupae than other substrates, including fine wheat bran used in a mass-rearing facility in Mexico.

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