scholarly journals Diversity and characterization of temperate bacteriophages induced in Pasteurella multocida from different host species

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezheen F. Abdulrahman ◽  
Robert L. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Temperate Bacteriophage ◽  
Bacterial Host ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Family Types

Abstract Background Bacteriophages play important roles in the evolution of bacteria and in the emergence of new pathogenic strains by mediating the horizontal transfer of virulence genes. Pasteurella multocida is responsible for different disease syndromes in a wide range of domesticated animal species. However, very little is known about the influence of bacteriophages on disease pathogenesis in this species. Results Temperate bacteriophage diversity was assessed in 47 P. multocida isolates of avian (9), bovine (8), ovine (10) and porcine (20) origin. Induction of phage particles with mitomycin C identified a diverse range of morphological types representing both Siphoviridae and Myoviridae family-types in 29 isolates. Phage of both morphological types were identified in three isolates indicating that a single bacterial host may harbour multiple prophages. DNA was isolated from bacteriophages recovered from 18 P. multocida isolates and its characterization by restriction endonuclease (RE) analysis identified 10 different RE types. Phage of identical RE types were identified in certain closely-related strains but phage having different RE types were present in other closely-related isolates suggesting possible recent acquisition. The host range of the induced phage particles was explored using plaque assay but only 11 (38%) phage lysates produced signs of infection in a panel of indicator strains comprising all 47 isolates. Notably, the majority (9/11) of phage lysates which caused infection originated from two groups of phylogenetically unrelated ovine and porcine strains that uniquely possessed the toxA gene. Conclusions Pasteurella multocida possesses a wide range of Siphoviridae- and Myoviridae-type bacteriophages which likely play key roles in the evolution and virulence of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Plugging Small RNAs into the Network

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Barquist
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Network Inference ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
The State ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Regulatory Interactions ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT Small RNAs (sRNAs) have been discovered in every bacterium examined and have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of a diverse range of behaviors, from metabolism to infection. However, despite a wide range of available techniques for discovering and validating sRNA regulatory interactions, only a minority of these molecules have been well characterized. In part, this is due to the nature of posttranscriptional regulation: the activity of an sRNA depends on the state of the transcriptome as a whole, so characterization is best carried out under the conditions in which it is naturally active. In this issue of mSystems, Arrieta-Ortiz and colleagues (M. L. Arrieta-Ortiz, C. Hafemeister, B. Shuster, N. S. Baliga, et al., mSystems 5:e00057-20, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00057-20) present a network inference approach based on estimating sRNA activity across transcriptomic compendia. This shows promise not only for identifying new sRNA regulatory interactions but also for pinpointing the conditions in which these interactions occur, providing a new avenue toward functional characterization of sRNAs.

Virulence Gene Pattern of Pasteurella multocida Isolates of Buffalo in Association to Capsule Biosynthesis Genes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sujatha ◽  
K. Lakshmi Kavitha ◽  
K.V. Subramanyam ◽  
T. Srinivasa Rao ◽  
R.N. Ramani Pushpa
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Serotype B ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background: Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of many economically important diseases in a wide range of hosts. The mechanisms by which these bacteria can invade the mucosa, evade innate immunity and cause systemic disease are slowly being elucidated. Many key virulence factors are yet to be identified, including those required for initial attachment and invasion of host cells and for persistence in a relatively nutrient poor and hostile environment. This has led to intensive research to understand host adaptation mechanisms and virulence factors in order to develop effective vaccines. Methods: The present study was carried out to know the distribution of virulence genes viz., haemoglobin binding proteins (hgbA and hgbB), outer membrane protein (ompH), fimbrial antigen (ptfA), filamentous haemagglutinin (pfhA) and transferrin binding protein (tbpA) by PCR in P. multocida CapA isolates from apparently healthy or carrier animals and CapB isolates from field Haemorrhagic septicemia (HS) cases to monitor the epidemiological associations of virulence genes in Cap A and Cap B isolates.Result: The study revealed that all the six virulence associated genes were present in Cap B isolates. None of the Cap A isolates harboured tbpA and pfhA genes. These two genes were closely related to serotype B causing Haemorrhagic septicemia and were epidemiologically associated with disease status.

scholarly journals Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile in animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Weese
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Wide Range

Clostridium ( Clostridioides) difficile is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that is an important cause of disease in people, a variably important cause of disease in some animal species, and an apparently harmless commensal in others. Regardless of whether it is a known pathogen in a particular species, it can also be found in healthy individuals, sometimes at high prevalences and typically with higher rates of carriage in young individuals. As it is investigated in more animal species, it is apparent that this bacterium is widely disseminated in a diverse range of domestic and wild animal species. Although it can be found in most species in which investigations have been performed, there are pronounced intra- and inter-species differences in prevalence and clinical relevance. A wide range of strains can be identified, some that appear to be animal associated and others that are found in humans and animals. A large percentage of strains that cause disease in people can at least sporadically be found in animals. It is a potentially important zoonotic pathogen, but there is limited direct evidence of animal–human transmission. Although C. difficile has been studied extensively over the past few decades, it remains an enigmatic organism in many ways.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Clostridium perfringens Strains Isolated in Italy

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Katia Forti ◽  
Laura Ferroni ◽  
Martina Pellegrini ◽  
Deborah Cruciani ◽  
Antonio De Giuseppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Type B ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Type D ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
Type C ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Clostridium (C.) perfringens is the causative agent of several diseases and enteric infections in animals and humans. The pathogenicity of the bacterium is largely mediated by the production of a wide range of toxins. Individual C. perfringens strains produce only subsets of this toxin repertoire, which permits the classification in seven toxinotypes (A–G). In addition, a variety of minor toxins further characterizes the single strains. The aim of this work was to evaluate, using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays, the diversity of 632 C. perfringens strains isolated in Italy over 15 years. The genotyped strains were analyzed to determine the presence of major and minor toxins (cpe, consensus, and atypical cpb2), their geographical origins, and the source of isolation (animal species or food). Our study shows that toxinotype A had the greatest representation (93%) and correlated mainly with consensus cpb2 in a variety of animal species, as well as with atypical cpb2 in the five food samples. Type D, associated with cpe and atypical cpb2 minor toxins, was identified in 3% of the cases, and type F was identified in 2.5%. Seven type C isolates (1.1%) were detected in cattle, whereas the only type B atypical cpb2 isolated in Italy was detected in a goat, and one type E cpe+atypical cpb2 was detected in a sheep. Type G was not detected.

scholarly journals Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles ofPasteurella multocidaStrains Isolated from Rabbits in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Sebastiana Porfida Ferreira ◽  
Maria Roberta Felizardo ◽  
Débora Dirani Sena de Gobbi ◽  
Cleise Ribeiro Gomes ◽  
Pedro Henrique de Lima Nogueira Filsner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Capsular Type ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Wide Range

Pasteurella multocidais responsible for a wide range of diseases in domestic animals. In rabbits, the agent is related to nasal discharge, pneumonia, otitis media, pyometra, orchitis, abscess, and septicemia. One hundred and forty rabbits with respiratory diseases from four rabbitries in São Paulo State, Brazil were evaluated for the detection ofP. multocidain their nasal cavities. A total of twenty-nine animals were positive toP. multocidaisolation, and 46 strains were selected and characterized by means of biochemical tests and PCR.P. multocidastrains were tested for capsular type, virulence genes, and resistance profile. A total of 45.6% (21/46) of isolates belonged to capsular type A, and 54.34% (25/46) of the isolates were untypeable. None of the strains harbouredtoxAorpfhAgenes. The frequency of the other twenty genes tested was variable, and the data generated was used to build a dendrogram, showing the relatedness of strains, which were clustered according to origin. Resistance revealed to be more common against sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole, followed by erythromycin, penicillin, and amoxicillin.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pasteurella multocida isolated from dead rabbits with respiratory disease in Fujian, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxiang Wang ◽  
Lei Sang ◽  
Shikun Sun ◽  
Yanfeng Chen ◽  
Dongjin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Background Pasteurella multocida is one of the important pathogens infects rabbits, causing major economic losses in commercial rabbit farming. In this study, 205 P. multocida isolates recovered from lungs of dead rabbits with respiratory disease were defined capsular serogroups, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotypes and multi-locus sequence types, screened virulence factors, and tested antimicrobial susceptibility. Results The 205 isolates were assigned into 2 capsular types, A and D, and 2 LPS genotypes, L3 and L6. When combining capsular types with LPS genotypes, 4 serotypes were detected. A:L3 (51.22%, 105/205) was the most predominant serotype, followed by A:L6 (24.88%, 51/205), D:L6 (19.02%, 39/205), and D:L3 (4.88%, 10/205). The 205 isolates were grouped into 3 sequence types, ST10, ST11 and ST12. ST12 (56.10%, 115/205) was the most prevalent sequence type, followed by ST10 (24.88%, 51/205) and ST11 (19.02%, 39/205). In the 205 isolates, the virulence genes of ptfA, fur, hgbB, ompA, ompH and oma87 were positive, whereas the toxA and tbpA genes were negative. Notably, the 156 capsular serogroup A isolates carried pmHAS gene. All the 205 isolates were susceptible to most of the used antibiotics, except for streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin and ceftriaxone, and the resistance rates of which were 27.80%, 15.61%, 9.27% and 2.44%, respectively. Conclusions This study, for the first time, described the prevalence and characteristics of P. multocida causing respiratory disease in rabbits in Fujian Province, which might be useful for tracking the epidemic strains and development of efficient vaccines and methods to prevent and control the pathogen.

Characterization of a canine adenovirus hemagglutinin

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Marusyk ◽  
T. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Hemagglutinating Activity ◽  
Human Group ◽  
Trypsin Treatment ◽  
Rat Erythrocytes ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Wide Range

The hemagglutinating activity of the canine adenoviruses was found to be more than 80% associated with both the intact and incomplete ('empty') virus particles, the remaining complete hemagglutinating activity being associated with a naturally occurring soluble penton dimer structure. Trypsin treatment of the hemagglutinin – red blood cell complex and receptor-competition experiments, using purified fiber component to block the receptor sites on the red blood cells, indicate that there are different receptors for infectious canine laryngotracheitis (ICL) virus and infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) virus.The ICL adenovirus was found to hemagglutinate human and rat erythrocytes but not those of a number of other animal species. Using human group 'O' erythrocytes the ICL virus associated hemagglutinating activity was found to occur over a wide range in temperature and pH, and certain purification procedures, such as fluorocarbon treatment and sonic oscillation, were found to inactivate the hemagglutinin rapidly.

Nine Centuries of Man

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Court Records ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Police Reports ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Scottish History ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ‘hard man’, has long been characterised in masculine terms, but there has been little historical exploration of masculinity in a wider context. This interdisciplinary collection examines a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, exploring the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour. How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romances, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men – work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce – the book also illustrates the range of masculinities that affected or were internalised by men. Together, the chapters illustrate some of the ways Scotland’s gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how, more generally, masculinities have informed the path of Scottish history

Diversity and Integration in Private International Law

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
International Law ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Substantive Law

This book opens a cross-regional dialogue and shifts the Eurocentric discussion on diversity and integration to a more inclusive engagement with South America in private international law issues. It promotes a contemporary vision of private international law as a discipline enabling legal interconnectivity, with the potential to transcend its disciplinary boundaries to further promote the reality of cross-border integration, with its focus on the ever-increasing cross-border mobility of individuals. Private international law embraces legal diversity and pluralism. Different legal traditions continue to meet, interact and integrate in different forms, at the national, regional and international levels. Different systems of substantive law couple with divergent systems of private international law (designed to accommodate the former in cross-border situations). This complex legal landscape impacts individuals and families in cross-border scenarios, and international commerce broadly conceived. Private international law methodologies and techniques offer means for the coordination of this constellation of legal orders and value systems in cross-border situations. Bringing together world-renowned academics and experienced private international lawyers from a wide range of jurisdictions in Europe and South America, this edited collection focuses on the connective capabilities of private international law in bridging and balancing legal diversity as a corollary for the development of integration. The book provides in-depth analysis of the role of private international law in dealing with legal diversity across a diverse range of topics and jurisdictions.

Registration of animal rabies in Krasnodar region

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Oleg Yu. Chernykh ◽  
◽  
Vadim A. Bobrov ◽  
Sergey N. Zabashta ◽  
Roman A. Krivonos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Reporting Data

Rabies remains a constant threat to humanity in many parts of the world. At the same time, scientifically grounded antiepizootic measures should be based on the peculiarities of the regional epizootology of this zooanthroponosis. The authors studied the epizootological and statistical reporting data of the Kropotkin Regional Veterinary Laboratory, presented an analysis of the registration of rabies in animals in Krasnodar region. From the obtained data, it should be noted that despite the wide range of animals involved in the epizootic process of rabies infection in Krasnodar region, dogs, cats and foxes play a major role in the reservation and spread of infection, which account for 78.6. Of the total number of registered cases, 15.5% falls on foxes, that indicates the natural focus of the disease, along with the manifestation of the disease in an urban form. At the same time, stray and neglected dogs and cats, which occupy a significant place among the total number of sick animals, are also sources and spread of the infection. Thus farm animals (8.3% of the total number of infected animals) are a biological dead end for the infection. Isolated cases of the disease were noted in muskrat, donkey, raccoon, raccoon dog, marten, ferret and jackal. The authors also established the specific morbidity of various animal species with rabies infection, that is an important aspect in the development and implementation of antiepizootic measures complex

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