scholarly journals Systematic analysis of CCCH zinc finger family in Brassica napus showed that BnRR-TZFs are involved in stress resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyi Pi ◽  
Jiao Pan ◽  
Mu Xiao ◽  
Xinchang Hu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Gene Pairs ◽  
Ccch Zinc Finger ◽  
Duplication Events

Abstract Background CCCH zinc finger family is one of the largest transcription factor families related to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Brassica napus L., an allotetraploid oilseed crop formed by natural hybridization between two diploid progenitors, Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. A systematic identification of rapeseed CCCH family genes is missing and their functional characterization is still in infancy. Results In this study, 155 CCCH genes, 81 from its parent B. rapa and 74 from B. oleracea, were identified and divided into 15 subfamilies in B. napus. Organization and syntenic analysis explained the distribution and collinearity relationship of CCCH genes, the selection pressure and evolution of duplication gene pairs in B. napus genome. 44 diploid duplication gene pairs and 4 triple duplication gene groups were found in B. napus of CCCH family and the segmental duplication is attributed to most CCCH gene duplication events in B. napus. Nine types of CCCH motifs exist in B. napus CCCH family members, and motif C-X7/8-C-X5-C-X3-H is the most common and a new conserved CCH motif (C-X5-C-X3-H) has been identified. In addition, abundant stress-related cis-elements exist in promoters of 27 subfamily IX (RR-TZF) genes and their expression profiles indicated that RR-TZF genes could be involved in responses to hormone and abiotic stress. Conclusions The results provided a foundation to understand the basic characterization and genes evolution of CCCH gene family in B. napus, and provided potential targets for genetic engineering in Brassicaceae crops in pursuit of stress-tolerant traits.

scholarly journals Systematic Analysis of the bZIP Family in Tobacco and Functional Characterization of NtbZIP62 Involvement in Salt Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Li ◽  
Jiangtao Chao ◽  
Xiaoxu Li ◽  
Gongbo Li ◽  
Dean Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Segmental Duplications ◽  
Basic Leucine Zipper ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
Tobacco Genome ◽  
Gene Structures

The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors play important regulatory roles, influencing plant growth and responses to environmental stresses. In the present study, 132 bZIP genes identified in the tobacco genome were classified into 11 groups with Arabidopsis and tomato bZIP members, based on the results of a phylogenetic analysis. An examination of gene structures and conserved motifs revealed relatively conserved exon/intron structures and motif organization within each group. The results of an investigation of whole-genome duplication events indicated that segmental duplications were crucial for the expansion of the bZIP gene family in tobacco. Expression profiles confirmed that the NtbZIP genes are differentially expressed in various tissues, and several genes are responsive to diverse stresses. Notably, NtbZIP62, which was identified as an AtbZIP37/ABF3 homolog, was highly expressed in response to salinity. Subcellular localization analyses proved that NtbZIP62 is a nuclear protein. Furthermore, the overexpression of NtbZIP62 in tobacco significantly enhanced the salt stress tolerance of the transgenic plants. The results of this study may be relevant for future functional analyses of the bZIP genes in tobacco.

scholarly journals Systematic analysis of JmjC gene family of Brassica napus and KDM5 subfamily involved in abiotic stress response

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinghui He ◽  
Jiao Pan ◽  
Boyu Liu ◽  
Chengfang Tan ◽  
Ying Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Homologous Gene ◽  
Oilseed Crop

Abstract Background: Jumonji C (JmjC) proteins play an important role in plant development and stress response through the removal of lysine methylation from histones. Brassica napus, which originated from spontaneous hybridization between Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea, is the most important oilseed crop after soybean, but evolutionary relationships and functions of JmjC proteins remain unclear. Results: 65 JmjC genes were identified from B. napus genome, 29 from B. rapa, and 23 from B. oleracea. These genes were grouped into seven clades according to conserved sequences, and their catalytic activities of demethylation were predicted. Group-KDM4/JHDM3 for H3K4/9/27/36, Group-KDM5A/B for H3K4, Group-JmjC domain-only A/B for H3K27/36, Group-KDM3/JHDM2 for H3K9, and Group-JMJD6 may be for arginine demethylases. B. napus inherited most of its JmjC genes from its parents. The average retention rate of B. napus JmjC gene from B. rapa (93.1%) and B. oleracea (82.6%) exceeded that of all homologous gene pairs (83.7%) across the whole B. napus genome. Thirteen new or duplicated JmjC genes have emerged in B. napus. Sequence similarity and domain organization analyses suggest that the functions of these genes might be diversified. Furthermore, KDM5 genes were examined under stress conditions due to H3K4 demethylation. Expression profiles indicated that the genes from B. napus are possibly involved in various stress responses. Conclusion: This study provides the first genome-wide characterization of JmjC genes in Brassica species. Its JmjC genes potentially have diverse functions, and its KDM5 genes might be involved in stress response. The results of this study facilitate the future functional characterization of the demethylation of JmjC family in Brassica crops.

scholarly journals Systematic analysis of JmjC gene family and stress­-response expression of KDM5 subfamily genes in Brassica napus

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11137
Author(s):  
Xinghui He ◽  
Qianwen Wang ◽  
Jiao Pan ◽  
Boyu Liu ◽  
Ying Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Chromosomal Mapping ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Response Expression

Background Jumonji C (JmjC) proteins exert critical roles in plant development and stress response through the removal of lysine methylation from histones. Brassica napus, which originated from spontaneous hybridization by Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea, is the most important oilseed crop after soybean. In JmjC proteins of Brassica species, the structure and function and its relationship with the parents and model plant Arabidopsis thaliana remain uncharacterized. Systematic identification and analysis for JmjC family in Brassica crops can facilitate the future functional characterization and oilseed crops improvement. Methods Basing on the conserved JmjC domain, JmjC homologs from the three Brassica species, B. rapa (AA), B. oleracea (CC) and B. napus, were identified from the Brassica database. Some methods, such as phylogenic analysis, chromosomal mapping, HMMER searching, gene structure display and Logos analysis, were used to characterize relationships of the JmjC homologs. Synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions were used to infer the information of gene duplication among homologs. Then, the expression levels of BnKDM5 subfamily genes were checked under abiotic stress by qRT-PCR. Results Sixty-five JmjC genes were identified from B. napus genome, 29 from B. rapa, and 23 from B. oleracea. These genes were grouped into seven clades based on the phylogenetic analysis, and their catalytic activities of demethylation were predicted. The average retention rate of B. napus JmjC genes (B. napus JmjC gene from B. rapa (93.1%) and B. oleracea (82.6%)) exceeded whole genome level. JmjC sequences demonstrated high conservation in domain origination, chromosomal location, intron/exon number and catalytic sites. The gene duplication events were confirmed among the homologs. Many of the BrKDM5 subfamily genes showed higher expression under drought and NaCl treatments, but only a few genes were involved in high temperature stress. Conclusions This study provides the first genome-wide characterization of JmjC genes in Brassica species. The BnJmjC exhibits higher conservation during the formation process of allotetraploid than the average retention rates of the whole B. napus genome. Furthermore, expression profiles of many genes indicated that BnKDM5 subfamily genes are involved in stress response to salt, drought and high temperature.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification, expression profiles and regulatory network of MAPK cascade gene family in barley

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Licao Cui ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Jali Yan ◽  
Yan Pan ◽  
Xiaojun Nie
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Mapk Cascade ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Duplication Events

Abstract Background Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a conserved and universal signal transduction module in organism. Although it has been well characterized in many plants, no systematic analysis has been conducted in the model cereal crop barley. Results Here, we identified 20 MAPKs, 6 MAPKKs and 156 MAPKKKs through a genome-wide search method using the latest published barley genomic data. Phylogenetic analysis assigned all the MAPK cascade genes into three groups in accordance to MAPK, MAPKK and MAPKKK family. Gene duplication revealed that segmental and tandem duplication events contributed to the expansion of barley MAPK cascade genes and the duplicated gene pairs were found to undergone strong purifying selection. Expression profiles of the HvMAPK, HvMAPKK and HvMAPKKKs were then investigated in different organs and under diverse stresses using the available 132 RNA-seq datasets, and then the tissue-specific and stress-responsive ones were found. Finally, co-expression regulatory network of MAPK cascade genes was constructed by WGCNA tool, resulting in a complicated network composed of a total of 72 branches containing 46 HvMAPK cascade genes and 46 miRNAs. Conclusion This study provides the candidates for further functional studies and also contribute to better understand the MAPK cascade regulatory network in barley and beyond.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the JAZ gene family in turnip

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Jia ◽  
Cunyao Yan ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yunxia Cheng ◽  
Wenwen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Tandem Duplication ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Gene Pairs ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
Gene Structure And Expression

AbstractJAZ is a plant-specific protein family involved in the regulation of plant development, abiotic stresses, and responses to phytohormone treatments. In this study, we carried out a bioinformatics analysis of JAZ genes in turnip by determining the phylogenetic relationship, chromosomal location, gene structure and expression profiles analysis under stresses. The 36 JAZ genes were identified and classified into four subfamilies (ZML, JAZ, PPD and TIFY). The JAZ genes were located on 10 chromosomes. Two gene pairs were involved in tandem duplication events. We identified 44 collinear JAZ gene pairs in the turnip genome. Analysis of the Ka/Ks ratios indicated that the paralogs of the BrrJAZ family principally underwent purifying selection. Expression analysis suggested JAZ genes may be involved in the formation of turnip tuberous root, and they also participated in the response to ABA, SA, MeJA, salt stress and low-temperature stress. The results of this study provided valuable information for further exploration of the JAZ gene family in turnip.

scholarly journals Systematic Analysis of the DNA Methylase and Demethylase Gene Families in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and Their Expression Variations After Salt and Heat stresses

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihang Fan ◽  
Hongfang Liu ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Wei Hua ◽  
Shouming Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Dna Methylase ◽  
Dna Demethylase

DNA methylation is a process through which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule, thereby modifying the activity of a DNA segment without changing the sequence. Increasing evidence has shown that DNA methylation is involved in various aspects of plant growth and development via a number of key processes including genomic imprinting and repression of transposable elements. DNA methylase and demethylase are two crucial enzymes that play significant roles in dynamically maintaining genome DNA methylation status in plants. In this work, 22 DNA methylase genes and six DNA demethylase genes were identified in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genome. These DNA methylase and DNA demethylase genes can be classified into four (BnaCMTs, BnaMET1s, BnaDRMs and BnaDNMT2s) and three (BnaDMEs, BnaDML3s and BnaROS1s) subfamilies, respectively. Further analysis of gene structure and conserved domains showed that each sub-class is highly conserved between rapeseed and Arabidopsis. Expression analysis conducted by RNA-seq as well as qRT-PCR suggested that these DNA methylation/demethylation-related genes may be involved in the heat/salt stress responses in rapeseed. Taken together, our findings may provide valuable information for future functional characterization of these two types of epigenetic regulatory enzymes in polyploid species such as rapeseed, as well as for analyzing their evolutionary relationships within the plant kingdom.

scholarly journals Genome-wide characterization, expression analyses, and functional prediction of the NPF family in Brassica napus

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wen ◽  
Peng-Feng Li ◽  
Feng Ran ◽  
Peng-Cheng Guo ◽  
Jia-Tian Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Preferential Expression ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
Small Scale Duplication

Abstract Background NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER (NRT1/PTR) family (NPF) members are essential transporters for many substrates in plants, including nitrate, hormones, peptides, and secondary metabolites. Here, we report the global characterization of NPF in the important oil crop Brassica napus, including that for phylogeny, gene/protein structures, duplications, and expression patterns. Results A total of 199 B. napus (BnaNPFs) NPF-coding genes were identified. Phylogenetic analyses categorized these genes into 11 subfamilies, including three new ones. Sequence feature analysis revealed that members of each subfamily contain conserved gene and protein structures. Many hormone−/abiotic stress-responsive cis-acting elements and transcription factor binding sites were identified in BnaNPF promoter regions. Chromosome distribution analysis indicated that BnaNPFs within a subfamily tend to cluster on one chromosome. Syntenic relationship analysis showed that allotetraploid creation by its ancestors (Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea) (57.89%) and small-scale duplication events (39.85%) contributed to rapid BnaNPF expansion in B. napus. A genome-wide spatiotemporal expression survey showed that NPF genes of each Arabidopsis and B. napus subfamily have preferential expression patterns across developmental stages, most of them are expressed in a few organs. RNA-seq analysis showed that many BnaNPFs (32.66%) have wide exogenous hormone-inductive profiles, suggesting important hormone-mediated patterns in diverse bioprocesses. Homologs in a clade or branch within a given subfamily have conserved organ/spatiotemporal and hormone-inductive profiles, indicating functional conservation during evolution. qRT-PCR-based comparative expression analysis of the 12 BnaNPFs in the NPF2–1 subfamily between high- and low-glucosinolate (GLS) content B. napus varieties revealed that homologs of AtNPF2.9 (BnaNPF2.12, BnaNPF2.13, and BnaNPF2.14), AtNPF2.10 (BnaNPF2.19 and BnaNPF2.20), and AtNPF2.11 (BnaNPF2.26 and BnaNPF2.28) might be involved in GLS transport. qRT-PCR further confirmed the hormone-responsive expression profiles of these putative GLS transporter genes. Conclusion We identified 199 B. napus BnaNPFs; these were divided into 11 subfamilies. Allopolyploidy and small-scale duplication events contributed to the immense expansion of BnaNPFs in B. napus. The BnaNPFs had preferential expression patterns in different tissues/organs and wide hormone-induced expression profiles. Four BnaNPFs in the NPF2–1 subfamily may be involved in GLS transport. Our results provide an abundant gene resource for further functional analysis of BnaNPFs.

scholarly journals Cysteine-Rich Receptor-Like Kinase Gene Family Identification in the Phaseolus Genome and Comparative Analysis of Their Expression Profiles Specific to Mycorrhizal and Rhizobial Symbiosis

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Elsa-Herminia Quezada ◽  
Gabriel-Xicoténcatl García ◽  
Manoj-Kumar Arthikala ◽  
Govindappa Melappa ◽  
Miguel Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Rhizobial Symbiosis

Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are conserved upstream signaling molecules that regulate several biological processes, including plant development and stress adaptation. Cysteine (C)-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) are an important class of RLK that play vital roles in disease resistance and cell death in plants. Genome-wide analyses of CRK genes have been carried out in Arabidopsis and rice, while functional characterization of some CRKs has been carried out in wheat and tomato in addition to Arabidopsis. A comprehensive analysis of the CRK gene family in leguminous crops has not yet been conducted, and our understanding of their roles in symbiosis is rather limited. Here, we report the comprehensive analysis of the Phaseolus CRK gene family, including identification, sequence similarity, phylogeny, chromosomal localization, gene structures, transcript expression profiles, and in silico promoter analysis. Forty-six CRK homologs were identified and phylogenetically clustered into five groups. Expression analysis suggests that PvCRK genes are differentially expressed in both vegetative and reproductive tissues. Further, transcriptomic analysis revealed that shared and unique CRK genes were upregulated during arbuscular mycorrhizal and rhizobial symbiosis. Overall, the systematic analysis of the PvCRK gene family provides valuable information for further studies on the biological roles of CRKs in various Phaseolus tissues during diverse biological processes, including Phaseolus-mycorrhiza/rhizobia symbiosis.

scholarly journals Characterization and expression analysis of the SPL gene family during floral development and abiotic stress in pecan (Carya illinoinensis)

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12490
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Zhenghai Mo ◽  
Ruozhu Lin ◽  
Cancan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Cis Element ◽  
Gene Pairs ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
Squamosa Promoter Binding Protein ◽  
Flower And Fruit Development

SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like (SPL) genes are a type of plant-specific transcription factors that play crucial roles in the regulation of phase transition, floral transformation, fruit development, and various stresses. Although SPLs have been characterized in several model species, no systematic analysis has been studied in pecans, an important woody oil tree species. In this study, a total of 32 SPL genes (CiSPLs) were identified in the pecan genome. After conducting phylogenetic analysis of the conserved SBP proteins from Arabidopsis, rice, and poplar, the CiSPLs were separated into eight subgroups. The CiSPL genes within the same subgroup contained very similar exon-intron structures and conserved motifs. Nine segmentally duplicated gene pairs in the pecan genome and 16 collinear gene pairs between the CiSPL and AtSPL genes were identified. Cis-element analysis showed that CiSPL genes may regulate plant meristem differentiation and seed development, participate in various biological processes, and respond to plant hormones and environmental stresses. Therefore, we focused our study on the expression profiles of CiSPL genes during flower and fruit development. Most of the CiSPL genes were predominantly expressed in buds and/or female flowers. Additionally, quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses confirmed that CiSPL genes showed distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns in response to drought and salt treatments. The study provides foundation for the further exploration of the function and evolution of SPL genes in pecan.

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