scholarly journals Sniffer dogs can identify lung cancer patients from breath and urine samples

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Feil ◽  
Frank Staib ◽  
Martin R. Berger ◽  
Thorsten Stein ◽  
Irene Schmidtmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Conditioned Reaction ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Stages

Abstract Background Lung cancer is the most common oncological cause of death in the Western world. Early diagnosis is critical for successful treatment. However, no effective screening methods exist. A promising approach could be the use of volatile organic compounds as diagnostic biomarkers. To date there are several studies, in which dogs were trained to discriminate cancer samples from controls. In this study we evaluated the abilities of specifically trained dogs to distinguish samples derived from lung cancer patients of various tumor stages from matched healthy controls. Methods This single center, double-blind clinical trial was approved by the local ethics committee, project no FF20/2016. The dog was conditioned with urine and breath samples of 36 cancer patients and 150 controls; afterwards, further 246 patients were included: 41 lung cancer patients comprising all stages and 205 healthy controls. From each patient two breath and urine samples were collected and shock frozen. Only samples from new subjects were presented to the dog during study phase randomized, double-blinded. This resulted in a specific conditioned reaction pointing to the cancer sample. Results Using a combination of urine and breath samples, the dog correctly predicted 40 out of 41 cancer samples, corresponding to an overall detection rate of cancer samples of 97.6% (95% CI [87.1, 99.9%]). Using urine samples only the dog achieved a detection rate of 87.8% (95% CI [73.8, 95.9%]). With breath samples, the dog correctly identified cancer in 32 of 41 samples, resulting in a detection rate of 78% (95% CI [62.4, 89.4%]). Conclusions It is known from current literature that breath and urine samples carry VOCs pointing to cancer growth. We conclude that olfactory detection of lung cancer by specifically trained dogs is highly suggestive to be a simple and non-invasive tool to detect lung cancer. To translate this approach into practice further target compounds need to be identified.

Diagnosis of lung cancer by canine olfactory detection in urine and breath samples.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13067-e13067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Feil ◽  
Thorsten Stein ◽  
Andreas Forster ◽  
Irene Schmidtmann ◽  
Thomas Riemann-Seibert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
Conditioned Reaction ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Stages ◽  
Blinded Manner ◽  
Olfactory Detection ◽  
Double Blinded

e13067 Background: Lung cancer is the leading oncological cause of death in western countries. The WHO estimated 2.09 million newly diagnosed lung cancer patients in 2018 worldwide. Although early detection is crucial for patients outcome, no surveillance tools exist. Dogs have a highly sensitive olfactory system which is already used in several ways, such as drug and ketone detection. The aim of the study was to evaluate the capability of a classically conditioned domestic dog to accurately distinguish samples of lung cancer patients of all tumor stages in urine and breath from healthy controls. Methods: This monocentric clinical trial was an original study and approved by the local ethics committee. After conditioning a domestic dog with samples of 186 patients (36 cancer patients and 150 control patients), further 246 patients aged between 45 and 80 entered into the study: 41 patients with a histologically proven lung cancer comprising all different stages and 205 control samples of healthy individuals with no cancer history. Two urine and two breath samples were collected of each patient and immediately shock frozen at -80°C. Urine and breath samples were separately exposed to the dog in a randomized, double-blinded manner, resulting in a specific conditioned reaction indicating the cancer sample. Results: The dog correctly predicted cancer in 36 of 41 urine samples, corresponding to a sensitivity of 87.8% and a specificity of 97.6%. Concerning the breath samples, the dog correctly predicted cancer in 32 of 41 samples, corresponding to a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 95.6%. Combining both techniques, the dog correctly identified 40 of 41 cancer samples, leading to an overall sensitivity of 97.6%. The specificity is not evaluable. Conclusions: Urine and breath carry volatile organic compounds indicating cancer growth, as previously reported. Canine olfactory detection of lung cancer is a simple tool to detect lung cancer non-invasively. Further identification of target compounds for technical translation of this approach is under way, with the potential for the development of a bionic electronic nose.

scholarly journals A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the MMP9 Promoter Affects Lung Cancer and Clinicopathological Properties in Iranian Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 1274-1282
Author(s):  
Somayeh Taghvaei ◽  
Leila Saremi ◽  
Majid Motovali-bashi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Control Study

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cancer with 2,206,771 new cases in 2020 in worldwide. MMP9 is a member of matrix metalloproteinase family that is also known as gelatinase B or IV type collagenase (92KD). MMP9 through degrading of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and releasing of growth factors has fundamental role in the tumorigenesis process. The C -1562 T SNP in the MMP9 promoter increases MMP9 expression and susceptibility to lung cancer. Then, the aim of this present case-control study was to investigate whether genetic variations of the MMP9 gene may constitute markers for lung cancer risk in males and in positive family history people in Iran. Methods: This is a case-control study including 120 lung cancer patients and 100 healthy controls. Polymorphism in the C -1562 T region was genotyped by PCR-RFLP assay. Odds Ratio (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated by chi-square test from comparison of genotypes between lung cancer patients and healthy controls, using SPSS version 26.0. T-test and Image J software was also used. Results: The distribution of C-1562T genotype was significantly associated with the risk of lung cancer (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.56, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.06-23.82). The further stratification analyses shown that males and patients with positive family history may increase risk of lung cancer. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the MMP9 C -1562 T polymorphism affects risk of lung cancer. In addition, men with T allele (OR = 3.94, CI = 1.47-10`.55) and patients with TT genotype and family history (OR = 2.18, CI = 1.03-4.59) exposure to higher risk of lung cancer.

Low specificity of cytokeratin 19 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses for detection of hematogenous lung cancer dissemination.

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2769-2775 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Krismann ◽  
B Todt ◽  
J Schröder ◽  
D Gareis ◽  
K M Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
Cytokeratin 19 ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Dissemination ◽  
Breast And Prostate Cancer

PURPOSE Sensitive detection of systemic tumor dissemination in lung cancer patients is important for selection of appropriate treatment modalities. Based on recent promising data that showed reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses for cytokeratin 19 (CK-19) expression in peripheral-blood or bone marrow samples to be a rapid and highly sensitive method for detection of hematogenous tumor dissemination in patients with breast and prostate cancer, we evaluated the specificity of this assay system in lung cancer patients and a large number of healthy controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined CK-19 mRNA expression by RT-PCR in 17 lung cancer cell lines and in peripheral-blood samples of 50 lung tumor patients and 65 healthy controls. RESULTS Expression of CK-19 mRNA was observed in all lung cancer cell lines and in 50% of peripheral-blood samples from lung tumor patients. However, under the experimental conditions analyzed, at least 20% of the control samples were positive for CK-19 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Contrary to prior reports, RT-PCR may detect non-tissue-specific constitutive low-level (illegitimate) expression of CK-19 mRNA in peripheral-blood mononuclear (PBMN) cells in a significant number of healthy controls. This finding may not only hamper the use of this assay system in lung cancer patients, but also questions its proposed applicability in patients with other epithelial tumors such as breast and prostate cancer.

The validity of 5-aminorevrinic acid as a biomarker for risk screening and supportive diagnostic parameters in lung cancer patients.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21027-e21027
Author(s):  
Yoshikane Yamauchi ◽  
Yuichi Saito ◽  
Koji Murakami ◽  
Yasuyuki Kanamoto ◽  
Momoko Asami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Physical Disorder ◽  
Risk Screening ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients

e21027 Background: Early detection and treatment of cancer is an important issue that affect the prognosis of cancer patients. Photodynamic screening with 5-aminorevrinic acid (ALA-PDS) is simple and non-invasive procedure for risk screening of cancer, and it is gradually recognized as the predictable biomarkers for cancer in Japan. In this study, we examined the predictability of lung cancer by ALA-PDS and its usefulness as a supportive parameter for preoperative diagnosis. Methods: Eighty-five lung cancer patients (48 males and 37 females) just before lung resection were enrolled. 5-aminolevulinic acid phosphate 150mg was taken at night and urine samples were collected in the next morning. The porphyrin metabolites in the urine samples were detected by solid phase extraction method, previously reported from our group. Afterwards, the data was adjusted depending renal function. The data was compared with that from healthy volunteer without any abnormal symptom and physical disorder. Results: The average age of 85 patients was 70 years (46-85). The number of patients in each pathological stage was 2 in Stage 0, 58 in Stage IA and IB, 15 in Stage IIA and IIB, 8 in Stage IIIA and IIIB, and 2 in Stage IV, respectively. The diagnosis was 61 cases of adenocarcinoma and 22 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Urinary porphyrin metabolites in lung cancer patients increased significantly as compared to those of healthy volunteers (2,847nM/gCRE vs 1,668nM/gCRE, p < 0.001). Increase of urinary porphyrin metabolites was observed even in stage 0 or I patients, but the correlation with stage progression was not clear (Stage 0 and I vs Stage II vs Stage III and IV: 2,757nM/gCRE vs 3,099nM/gCRE vs 3,010nM/gCRE). Furthermore, urinary porphyrin metabolites were confirmed to be significantly increased even in PET-negative cancer patients, compared to healthy volunteers (p < 0.001). Conclusions: ALA-PDS was able to predict lung cancer in our cohort. Moreover, it was also suggested that it may be useful as a supportive parameter for diagnosis of early stage lung cancer or PET negative lung cancer.

scholarly journals S38 Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy on sputum from lung cancer patients, healthy controls and a high-risk cohort

Thorax ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (Suppl 4) ◽  
pp. A19-A20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ghosal ◽  
K. E. Lewis ◽  
P. Kloer ◽  
S. Bayliss ◽  
L. Mur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
High Risk Cohort
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