How does psychosocial stress affect the relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage and overweight and obesity? Examining Hemmingsson’s model with data from a Danish longitudinal study

Abstract Background Chronic stress in childhood may increase the risk of overweight and obesity in young people. Erik Hemmingsson has suggested a new obesity causation model which focuses on psychosocial stress. The aim was to examine the associations between socioeconomic disadvantage and overweight and obesity and examine if these associations attenuate, when the effect of the different domains from Eric Hemmingsson’s obesity causation model were taken into account. Methods A longitudinal study using data from The West Jutland Cohort Study (N = 2879). Outcome was overweight and obesity combined derived from self-reported weight and height at age 15, 18, 21 and 28 years. Exposure variables were equivalised household income, educational level and labour market participation of the mother derived from registers and psychosocial variables derived from questionnaires. A three-step adjustment model using logistic regression and stratified by gender was applied. Results Mother’s low educational level was associated with a 3-fold increased odds of obesity in 18 year-old-girls, which attenuated when adjusting for the domains adult distress, disharmonious family environment and offspring distress. In 28 year-old girls, a 2.5-fold increased odds of obesity was observed, which attenuated when mutual adjusted for other socioeconomic variables and attenuated even further when adjusting for all the domains. In 18-year-old boys, a 3-fold increased odds of obesity was observed which attenuated after adjustments for adult distress, disharmonious family environment and offspring distress. In 21-year old boys, a four-fold increased odds of obesity was observed that attenuated after adjustments. At age 28 years, a three-fold increased odds of obesity was observed, which vanished in the fully adjusted model. Conclusions Our study confirms to some extent that the associations between socioeconomic disadvantage and overweight and obesity can be explained by the domains included in Erik Hemmingsson’s model, although our results should be interpreted with caution. Adult distress, disharmonious family environment and offspring distress accounted for some of the association in girls, whereas in boys it was primarily offspring distress, which had the greatest impact. Young people’s educational attainment can act as a buffer in the relationship between mother’s lower educational level and obesity at age 28 years.

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Association of Educational Level and Marital Status With Obesity: A Study of Chinese Twins

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1017/thg.2018.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 126-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chunxiao Liao ◽

Wenjing Gao ◽

Weihua Cao ◽

Jun Lv ◽

Canqing Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Educational Level ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Structural Equation Models ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Individual Level ◽

Study Population ◽

Adult Twins ◽

Chinese Twins ◽

The Relationship

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is growing rapidly in many countries. Socioeconomic inequalities might be important for this increase. The aim of this study was to determine associations of body mass index (BMI), overweight and obesity with educational level and marital status in Chinese twins. Participants were adult twins recruited through the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), aged 18 to 79 years, and the sample comprised 10,448 same-sex twin pairs. Current height, weight, educational attainment, and marital status were self-reported. Regression analyses and structural equation models were conducted to evaluate BMI, overweight, and obesity associated with educational level and marital status in both sexes. At an individual level, both educational level and marital status were associated with higher BMI and higher risk of being overweight and obesity in men, while in women the effects of educational level on BMI were in the opposite direction. In within-Monozygotic (MZ) twin-pair analyses, the effects of educational level on BMI disappeared in females. Bivariate structural equation models showed that genetic factors and shared environmental confounded the relationship between education and BMI in females, whereas marital status was associated with BMI on account of significant positive unique environmental correlation apart in both sexes. The present data suggested that marital status and BMI were associated, independent of familiar factors, for both sexes of this study population, while common genetic and shared environmental factors contributed to education-associated disparities in BMI in females.

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Psychopathic Traits and Victimization: What Mechanisms Mediate the Relationship?

Criminal Justice and Behavior ◽

10.1177/0093854820919915 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 886-904

Author(s):

Leah E. Daigle ◽

Michelle N. Harris ◽

Brent Teasdale

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Moral Disengagement ◽

Risky Behaviors ◽

Psychopathic Traits ◽

Violent Victimization ◽

Control Variables ◽

Maricopa County ◽

Using Data ◽

Pathways To Desistance ◽

The Relationship

Psychopathy has been linked to a host of negative outcomes including victimization; yet, the mechanisms that may explain this relationship have not been identified. Using data from the Pathways to Desistance study, a longitudinal study of adolescents adjudicted for serious offenses ( N = 1,354) who had been adjudicated in either Maricopa County, AZ, or Philadelphia County, PA, we examine several mechanisms that may mediate the relationship between psychopathy and violent victimization. A 1 SD increase in psychopathy increases the risk of victimization by about 9.3%, net of control variables. Psychopathy is linked to violent victimization through its significant influences on engagement in risky behaviors, moral disengagement, motivations to succeed, and expectations for the future. These findings are striking given that they identify factors such as cognition and engagement in risky behavior that may be suitable targets for change in prevention or intervention efforts.

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The educational attainment of the children of stay-at-home mothers: evidence from the Irish Marriage Bar

Oxford Economic Papers ◽

10.1093/oep/gpaa031 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Irene Mosca ◽

Vincent O’Sullivan ◽

Robert E Wright

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Maternal Employment ◽

Instrumental Variable ◽

Third Wave ◽

Instrumental Variable Estimation ◽

The Third ◽

Percentage Points ◽

Using Data ◽

The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between maternal employment and the educational attainment of children is examined using data from the third wave of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Because maternal employment is potentially endogenous with respect to child educational attainment, instrumental variable estimation is used. In this analysis, two sets of instruments are used based on whether the mother’s employment was affected by the Marriage Bar that was in place at that time in Ireland. A Marriage Bar is the requirement that women in certain jobs must leave that job when they marry. It is found that the probability that a child completes university is 1–3 percentage points lower for each additional year of maternal employment during the first 18 years of the child’s life.

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Poor Lower Extremity Functioning Is Associated with Modest Increased Incidence of Probable Dementia

Geriatrics ◽

10.3390/geriatrics6030077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Sergio L. Teruya ◽

Cara Dimino ◽

Kevin D. Silverman ◽

Thelma Mielenz

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Using Data ◽

Rate Ratios ◽

Adjusted Model ◽

The Relationship ◽

Negative Health Outcomes

Lower extremity functioning in older adults provides a measure of poor physical performance and can predict negative health outcomes. The consequences of reduced lower extremity functioning on cognitive decline, measured as time-varying variables, have not been well documented in previous studies. We aimed to evaluate whether lower extremity functioning is associated with an increased incidence rate of probable dementia among older adults using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Participants (n = 6457) were followed for 8 years to examine the relationship between lower extremity functioning, as measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and incident probable dementia. Using weighted data, a multivariable Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR), adjusting for covariates and clustering. Participants with low SPPB scores (0–5) had a 5% increase in incident probable dementia when compared with those who had good SPPB scores (10–12) in the adjusted model (IRR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.04–1.07). Lower extremity functioning is associated with a modest increase in incident probable dementia. The SPPB score may be helpful in identifying subjects at risk of dementia. Efforts aimed at improving physical functioning may lead to better cognitive outcomes.

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Corporal Punishment’s Influence on Children’s Aggressive and Delinquent Behavior

Criminal Justice and Behavior ◽

10.1177/0093854811406070 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 818-839 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Sara Z. Morris ◽

Chris L. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Propensity Score ◽

Corporal Punishment ◽

Delinquent Behavior ◽

Past Research ◽

Family Characteristics ◽

Delinquent Behaviors ◽

Propensity Score Matching Analysis ◽

Using Data ◽

The Relationship

Studies show that children subjected to corporal punishment may engage in more aggression and delinquent behaviors than those who are not. Past research, however, is limited methodologically. This is largely the result of a lack of matched corporally punished and nonpunished children. To address this limitation, a propensity score matching analysis was used to estimate the effects of corporal punishment on children’s behaviors. Using data from the longitudinal study of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, findings indicate that (a) a large amount of selection bias exists, indicating that child and family characteristics of those subjected to corporal punishment are substantially different from characteristics of those not punished, and (b) when children exposed to corporal punishment (vs. those who are not) are matched on their propensities of being punished, the relationship between punishment and subsequent aggression and delinquency become statistically nonsignificant and substantively small. Findings are discussed in light of past research on corporal punishment, and limitations of the current study and ways of overcoming them in the future are discussed.

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Informational benefits from social media use for professional purposes: Results from a longitudinal study

Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace ◽

10.5817/cp2016-4-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sonja Utz ◽

Johannes Breuer

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Reciprocal Relationship ◽

Online Networks ◽

Internet Users ◽

Using Data ◽

Reading Activity ◽

The Relationship ◽

Strategic Networking ◽

Shed Light

Using data from four waves of a longitudinal study among Dutch internet users, we examined whether and how the use of social network sites (SNS) for professional purposes is related to informational benefits. Building on a social capital framework and taking into account the affordances of social media, we specifically looked at users’ activities and the structure of their online networks. Users of LinkedIn or other professional SNS consistently reported higher informational benefits than non-users. The number of ties on the SNS used for professional purposes predicted informational benefits half a year later, and strong ties became more important over time. We also found evidence for a reciprocal relationship between strategic networking and informational benefits. For the use variables (frequency of login, reading, activity in groups, posting professional content), we mainly found concurrent associations with informational benefits. The results shed light on the complex interplay of concurrent and longitudinal processes in the relationship between SNS use and professional informational benefits.

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Personality and Life Satisfaction Over 12 Years

GeroPsych ◽

10.1024/1662-9647/a000141 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 37-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Benjamin Tauber ◽

Hans-Werner Wahl ◽

Johannes Schröder

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Adult Development ◽

Aging Effect ◽

Well Being ◽

Research Attention ◽

Theoretical Reasoning ◽

Using Data ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Both theoretical reasoning and empirical data suggest that personality and well-being have substantial interrelationships. However, more longitudinal evidence is required, and the relationship lacks research attention from a lifespan perspective. We examined the mid-term and long-term interrelations of Neuroticism and Extraversion with life satisfaction in two cohorts from middle and late adulthood, using data from the “Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Adult Development (ILSE).” Multigroup, cross-lagged models reveal personality to be more predictive of life satisfaction than vice versa. Furthermore, an aging effect occurs regarding the relationships between life satisfaction and personality, with life satisfaction being predictive of personality only in the old cohort. Controlling for health weakens the interrelationship. Results add to the understanding of lifespan dynamics among personality and life satisfaction.

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Motivation and Postsecondary Enrollment Among High School Students Whose Parents Did Not Go to College

Journal of Career Development ◽

10.1177/0894845320946397 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 089484532094639

Author(s):

Chia-Lin Tsai ◽

Austin Brown ◽

Allyson Lehrman ◽

Lu Tian

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

College Preparation ◽

Latent Class ◽

School Students ◽

Postsecondary Enrollment ◽

School Professionals ◽

Using Data ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between motivation in high school and postsecondary enrollment among 10th-grade students whose parents did not go to college. Specifically, this study (1) identified distinct groups of students’ self-reported reasons for attending schools among 10th graders, (2) examined whether these groups were differentially associated with indicators of college preparation and enrollment, and (3) investigated whether the time to postsecondary enrollment differed across groups. A latent class analysis was conducted to classify students into different motivation orientations. Using data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, the current study found three distinct classes of school motivation, with different reasons for attending school. The largest class (53%) was characterized by high intrinsic, identified/introjected, and external motivations for attending school. Patterns of college preparation and enrollment outcomes varied across motivation orientations. Implications for school professionals and supporting programs are discussed.

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Military Service, Race, and the Transition to Marriage and Cohabitation

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x09336338 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (10) ◽

pp. 1433-1454 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jay Teachman

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Black Men ◽

Military Service ◽

Active Duty ◽

National Longitudinal Study ◽

Active Duty Military ◽

Using Data ◽

The Military ◽

The Relationship ◽

Transition To Marriage

Using data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth, the author investigates the relationship between military service and the transition to the first intimate union. The author argues that active-duty military service promotes marriage over cohabitation. The results are consistent with this argument, showing that active-duty members of the military are much more likely to choose marriage over cohabitation compared to reserve-duty service members, veterans, and comparable civilians. These results are particularly strong for Black men, indicating a possible relationship between working in a largely race-neutral environment and the choice of first intimate union.

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Adolescencia, sedentarismo y sobrepeso: análisis en función de variables sociopersonales de los padres y del tipo de deporte practicado por los hijos (Adolescence, physical inactivity and overweight: analysis based on socio-personal variables of the paren

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i21.34595 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 5-8

Author(s):

Jaume Cantallops Ramón ◽

Francisco Javier Ponseti Verdaguer ◽

Josep Vidal Conti ◽

Pere Antoni Borràs Rotger ◽

Pere Palou Sampol

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Educational Level ◽

Sedentary Lifestyle ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Competitive Sport ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Personal Variables ◽

Multistage Sampling ◽

The Relationship

El presente artículo forma parte de un estudio más amplio llevado a cabo en la Isla de Mallorca, encaminado a determinar las causas principales de obesidad y sobrepeso en adolescentes, así como también establecer diferentes tipos de análisis con la finalidad de comprender y poder promover intervenciones para aumentar los niveles de actividad física en esta población, ya que tanto el sedentarismo como una mala alimentación son las causas principales de sobrepeso. El caso concreto que se expone se centra en analizar los siguientes aspectos: la relación entre el nivel de estudios de los padres/madres y la obesidad de sus hijos/as, el nivel socioeconómico de las familias y su incidencia en el sobrepeso/obesidad de los hijos/as y, finalmente, la relación entre el tipo de deporte practicado por los hijos/as (federado/no federado) y el sobrepeso/obesidad. Para ello se encuestaron a 4135 niños y niñas de Mallorca. La muestra se obtuvo a partir de un muestreo polietápico. El instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario de elaboración propia. Los resultados muestran como el nivel de estudios y socioeconómico de los padres, así como el tipo de deporte practicado por sus hijos son variables que favorecen la aparición del sobrepeso y la obesidad en la adolescencia. Palabra clave: Adolescencia, sedentarismo, obesidad, actividad física, nivel socioeconómico, nivel de estudios, deporte.Abstract: This article is part of a larger study carry out in the island of Majorca, which aims to identify the major causes of obesity and overweight in adolescents, as well as to establish different types of analysis in order to understand and to promote interventions to increase physical activity levels in this population, as both a poor diet and sedentary lifestyle are the main causes of overweight. In this case we focus on the following aspects: the relationship between educational level of parents/mothers and their children’s obesity, socioeconomic status of families and its impact on overweight/obesity children and, finally, the relationship between type of sport practiced by the children (competitive sport/ non-competitive sport) and overweight/obesity. To this end surveyed 4135 boys and girls from Majorca. The sample was obtained from a multistage sampling. The instrument used was a specifically designed questionnaire. The results show that educational level and socioeconomic status of parents as well as the type of sport practiced by their children are variables that favor the development of overweight and obesity in adolescence.Key words: Adolescence, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, physical activity, socioeconomic status, level of education, sport.

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