scholarly journals Unintended socio-economic and health consequences of COVID-19 among slum dwellers in Kampala, Uganda

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Nuwematsiko ◽  
Maxencia Nabiryo ◽  
John Bosco Bomboka ◽  
Sarah Nalinya ◽  
David Musoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background To reduce the spread of COVID-19, several countries in Africa instituted countrywide lockdowns and other public health measures. Whereas lockdowns contributed to the control of the pandemic, there were concerns about the unintended consequences of these measures especially in the most vulnerable populations. We assessed unintended socio-economic and health consequences due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the mitigation measures among slum dwellers in Kampala to inform the on-going and future pandemic response strategies. Methods This was a mixed methods cross-sectional study conducted in Bwaise I and Bwaise III slums of Kawempe division, Kampala Uganda from October to December 2020. We used systematic sampling to randomly select 425 household heads for the face-to-face quantitative interviews. We also conducted six focus group discussions (FGDs) with slum dwellers and used photovoice among eight Community Health Workers (CHWs) to document unintended socio-economic and health consequences. Quantitative data were imported into STATA version 14.0 for analysis, while qualitative data were analysed thematically using NVivo version 12. Modified Poisson regression analysis was conducted to establish factors associated with impact on access to food. Results Most respondents reported limited access to food (71.1%; 302/425); disruption in education (77.1%; 270/350); drop in daily income and wages (86.1%; 329/382) and loss of employment (63.1; 125/198). Twenty five percent of the respondents (25.4%; 86/338) reported domestic violence as one of the challenges. Seven themes emerged from the qualitative findings on the impact of COVID-19 including: limited access to food; negative impact on children’s rights (child labour and teenage pregnancies) and education; poor housing and lack of accommodation; negative social behaviours; negative impact on family and child care; reduced income and employment; and negative impact on health and access to health care services. Conclusion The slum dwellers of Bwaise I and Bwaise III experienced several negative socio-economic and health consequences of COVID-19 and its prevention measures that severely affected their wellbeing. Children experienced severe consequences such as child labour and teenage pregnancies among the girls. Response activities should be contextualised to different settings and protocols to protect the vulnerable groups in the community such as children and women should be developed and mainstreamed in response activities.

scholarly journals Unintended Socio-Economic and Health Consequences of COVID-19 among Slum Dwellers in Kampala, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Nuwematsiko ◽  
Maxencia Nabiryo ◽  
John Bosco Bomboka ◽  
Sarah Nalinya ◽  
David Musoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundTo reduce the spread of COVID-19, several countries in Africa instituted countrywide lockdowns and other public health measures. Whereas lockdowns contributed to the control of the pandemic, there were concerns about the unintended consequences of these measures especially in the most vulnerable populations. We assessed unintended socio-economic and health consequences due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the mitigation measures in slums in Kampala to inform the on-going and future pandemic response strategies.MethodsThis was a mixed methods cross-sectional study conducted in Bwaise I and Bwaise III slums of Kawempe division, Kampala Uganda from October to December 2020. We used systematic sampling to randomly select 425 household heads for the face-to-face quantitative interviews. We also conducted six focus group discussions (FGDs) with slum dwellers and used photovoice among eight Community Health Workers (CHWs) to document unintended socio-economic and health consequences. Quantitative data were imported into STATA version 14.0 for analysis, while qualitative data were analysed thematically using NVivo version 12. Modified Poisson regression analysis was conducted to establish factors associated with impact on access to food.ResultsMost respondents reported limited access to food (71.1%; 302/425); disruption in education (77.1%; 270/350); drop in daily income and wages (86.1%; 329/382) and loss of employment (63.1; 125/198). Twenty five percent of the respondents (25.4%; 86/338) reported domestic violence as one of the challenges. Seven themes emerged from the qualitative findings on the impact of COVID-19 including: limited access to food; negative impact on children’s rights (child labour and early pregnancies) and education; poor housing and lack of accommodation; negative social behaviours; negative impact on family and child care; reduced income and employment; and negative impact on health and access to health care services. Conclusion The slum dwellers of Bwaise I and Bwaise III experienced several negative socio-economic consequences of COVID-19 and its prevention measures that severely affected their wellbeing. Children experienced severe consequences such as child labour and early pregnancies among the girls. Response activities should be contextualised to different settings and protocols to protect the vulnerable groups in the community such as children and women should be developed and mainstreamed in response activities.

scholarly journals Impact of covid19 lockdown on sleep quality and acute psychiatric morbidity in medical students in Sudan. 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albashir A. Altayeb ◽  
Batool A. altayeb ◽  
Mohammed E. Ibrahim ◽  
Amira Siddig Abdalgalil
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Junior Students ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Abstract Introduction: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) is an emerging infection causing a widely spread pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current COVID-19 pandemic is promoting fear of falling sick, dying, helplessness, and stigma. Urgent and timely understanding of sleep quality and mental health status is needed to help the community. Our investigation designed to assess the degree of sleep disturbance and psychological impact of the lockdown among medical students at university of Khartoum.Objectives: this study conducted to assess the impact of covid-19 lockdown on sleep quality and acute psychiatric morbidities among medical students at university of Khartoum.Method: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted among 326 participants from Khartoum university, faculty of medicine. Study participants were determined by two steps, stratified sampling followed by systematic sampling techniques. Data was collected using standardized questionnaire, entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 25.Results: out of the total 326 participants 211(64.7%0 were females, and 115(35.35) were males. 92 (28.2%) form the participants were good sleepers and 234 (71.8%) were poor sleepers, the prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety and depression in the participants was found 19.4%, 35.9% respectively. There was correlation between having poor sleep quality and depression among the participants.Conclusion: This study found that there is negative impact of the covid-19 lockdown on medical students, which we found that two thirds of the participants are poor sleepers with a predominance of the female gender among them, One third of the participants had moderate to severe depression which also affects the female more than the males and the junior students more than the seniors, Fifth of the participants had moderate to severe anxiety which affect both gender equally but it did affect the junior students more than the seniors.

scholarly journals Progress or Regress? A Systematic Review on Two Decades of Monitoring and Addressing Land Subsidence Hazards in Semarang City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13755
Author(s):  
Rizkiana Sidqiyatul Hamdani ◽  
Sudharto Prawata Hadi ◽  
Iwan Rudiarto
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Global Sea Level ◽  
The Impact

Land subsidence is a major cause of environmental degradation. It increases the exposure of global sea level rise-related disasters in coastal cities lying on young sediment. Ample monitoring, adaptation, and mitigation measures have been taken to tackle the impact of such coastal hazards for decades in Semarang City. However, to date, land subsidence still has a negative impact on people’s quality of life. This brings us to the question of whether the measures are progressing towards better management or going to the opposite side. This paper is aimed to answer that question through an extensive literature review using PRISMA Guidelines to 125 scholarly articles and quantitative supporting analysis. We found that land subsidence is overlooked. Although the monitoring measures are progressing towards better technology utilization, it was not properly integrated into mitigation and adaptation measures. Instead of investing more on developing better urban water management, groundwater extraction still became the preferred water source. Thus, there is a major shift needed with regard to urban activities that need to pay more heed to the environment.

scholarly journals Impact of agribusiness labour on the child education in Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Tiwang N Gildas ◽  
Ibrahim N Manu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Third ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Child Education ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
The Impact

This paper aimed to assess the involvement of child labour in agribusinesses as well as the schooling pattern of children involved in these agribusinesses in Cameroon. For this study, some descriptive statistics and cross tabulations were computed using SPSS.20 and stata 13 software packages. The population of this study was made up of 51,190 individuals of both sexes that were concerned by the third Cameroon National Household Survey. The sample drawn from this population was constituted of individuals of age 5-17 years old, making a total of 17,550 children. The main results of this study revealed that agribusiness child labour was present everywhere in Cameroon and by both boys and girls. Children of all ages of the sample were concerned by the phenomenon and their level of education was essentially the primary. The impact of agribusiness child labour on education was positive because it helped the working and schooling children to provide means to finance their education and other needs. On the other hand, it has a negative impact on education because some children went for these jobs and finally stayed there and did not return back to school.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 5 (2): 58-63, December, 2015

scholarly journals CORONA VIRUS, CHILD LABOUR AND IMPERFECT MARKET IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dr. Ipsita Priyadarsini Pattanaik
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Urban Unemployment ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Keywords Child ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

The objective of the study is to analyse impact of corona virus in child labour in India. Covid-19 pandemic has created a big challenge in front of the world and India its negative impact on the economy has also created the possibilities of an increase in child labour. One impact would be an increase in the number of child workers. Along with the health crisis, and the economic and labour market shock that the pandemic has generated, the vulnerability of millions to child labour is another issue that merits serious attention. Already, there are 152 million child labourers worldwide. Despite the prohibition of engagement of children below the age of 14 in all occupations, India alone is home to 10.1 million child labourers in the age group 5-14 years Census 2011. As per the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy’s (CMIE) weekly tracker survey, the impact of COVID-19 has already pushed the urban unemployment rate to 30.9% as on April 5, which was 8.21% on March 15 estimates show that about 400 million informal workers in India may not get back their livelihood status for a longer period in the near future KEYWORDS:- Child labour, Covid-19, Health, Unemployment, Work

Debunking Health Misinformation on Social Media: The Challenge of Dynamic Conversations (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mourali ◽  
Carly Drake
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Expert ◽  
Health Related ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Extended Exposure ◽  
False Claim

BACKGROUND The spread of false and misleading health information on social media can cause individual and social harm. Research on debunking has shown that properly designed corrections can mitigate the impact of misinformation, but little is known about the impact of correction in the context of prolonged social media debates. For example, when a social media user takes to Facebook to make a false claim about a health-related practice, and a health expert subsequently refutes the claim, the conversation rarely ends there. Often, the social media user proceeds by rebuking the critic and doubling down on the claim. OBJECTIVE The present research examines the impact of such extended back and forth between false claims and debunking attempts on observers’ dispositions toward behavior that science favors. We test competing predictions about the effect of extended exposure on people’s attitudes and intentions toward masking in public during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic and explore several psychological processes potentially underlying this effect. METHODS Five hundred US residents took part in an online experiment in October 2020. They reported on their attitudes and intentions toward wearing masks in public. Then, they were randomly assigned to one of four social media exposure conditions (misinformation only vs. misinformation + correction vs. misinformation + correction + rebuke vs. misinformation + correction + rebuke + second correction) and reported their attitudes and intentions for a second time. They also indicated whether they would consider sharing the thread if they were to see it on social media and answered questions on potential mediators and covariates. RESULTS Exposure to misinformation has a negative impact on attitudes and intentions toward masking. Moreover, initial debunking of a false claim generally improves attitudes and intentions toward masking. However, this improvement is washed out by further exposure to false claims and debunking attempts. The latter result is partially explained by a decrease in the perceived objectivity of truth. That is, extended exposure to false claims and debunking attempts appears to weaken belief that there is an objectively correct answer to how people ought to behave in this situation, which in turn leads to less positive reactions toward masking as the prescribed behavior. CONCLUSIONS Health professionals and science advocates face an underappreciated challenge in attempting to debunk misinformation on social media. While engaging in extended debates with science deniers and other purveyors of bunk appears necessary, more research is needed to address the unintended consequences of such engagement.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on the Production of Major Food and Commercial Crops in India: A Five Decadal Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 477-485
Author(s):  
Pooja Arora ◽  
Rajni Devi ◽  
Smita Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Major Food ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is posing a great threat to agriculture and food security, especially in the agriculture oriented and developing countries like India. The present study was carried out to critically study the impact of climate change on productivity of major cereal and commercial crops by statistically analyzing the time series data.  The analysis inferred that crop production of both food and commercial crops in India has increased since 1960-61. It was observed that major food crops (rice & wheat) were adversely affected by increase in maximum temperature and decrease in rainfall. The alternative measures such as area under cultivation, irrigation, fertilizer and pesticide consumption were observed to be nullifying that negative impact of climate change by enhancing the overall production. However, the commercial crops were observed to be positively affected by the increasing temperature. The study suggested that although the agriculture sector is able to withstand the adverse impact of climate change till now, but in near future this situation can become reversed. This necessitates the implementation of appropriate adaptation and mitigation measures to deal with the problems of climate change and to ensure the food security and food safety along in long run.

The Impact of Migration on Child Labour

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garance Genicot ◽  
Anna Maria Mayda ◽  
Mariapia Mendola
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Skilled Immigration ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Impact

This chapter investigates the impact of internal migration on child labour outcomes in Brazil. In our model, migration impacts child labour through changes in the local labour market, which is made up of both adults and children. We exploit variation in the concentration of both skilled and unskilled immigrants at the municipality level and employ an IV strategy that relies on the historical (1980) distribution of immigrants within the country. Our results show that internal migration of a given skill level has a negative impact on corresponding adults’ labour market outcomes. We also find that unskilled (skilled) immigration has a negative (positive) and significant impact on child labour. Finally, unskilled immigration increases children’s school attendance and decreases their likelihood of being idle.

scholarly journals The Health Consequences of Neocolonialism for Latin American Immigrant Women Working as Caregivers in Spain: A Multisite Qualitative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8278
Author(s):  
Erica Briones-Vozmediano ◽  
Natalia Rivas-Quarneti ◽  
Montserrat Gea-Sánchez ◽  
Andreu Bover-Bover ◽  
Maria Antonia Carbonero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
American Immigrant ◽  
The Impact

In Spain, most jobs available for Latin American immigrant women are in intimate labour (caregiving and domestic work). This work is usually performed under informal employment conditions. The objective of this study was to explain how the colonial logic mediates the experiences of Latin American women working in intimate labour in Spain, and the effects of such occupation on their health and wellbeing, using a decolonial theoretical framework. A multi-site secondary data analysis of qualitative data from four previous studies was performed utilizing 101 interviews with Latin American immigrant women working as caregivers in Spain. Three interwoven categories show how the dominant colonial logic in Spain creates low social status and precarious jobs, and naturalizes intimate labour as their métier while producing detrimental physical and psychosocial health consequences for these immigrant caregivers. The caregivers displayed several strategies to resist and navigate intimate labour and manage its negative impact on health. Respect and integration into the family for whom they work had a buffering effect, mediating the effects of working conditions on health and wellbeing. Based on our analysis, we suggest that employment, social, and health protection laws and strategies are needed to promote a positive working environment, and to reduce the impact of caregiving work for Latin American caregivers.

scholarly journals Differences and similarities between the impact of the first and the second COVID-19-lockdown on mental health and safety behaviour in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Moradian ◽  
Alexander Bäuerle ◽  
Adam Schweda ◽  
Venja Musche ◽  
Hannah Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Safety Behaviour

Abstract Background Governmental restrictions of daily life are key elements in reducing the transmission of COVID-19, but they have also put a strain on people’s mental health. Preventive policies differ all over the world as well as over different periods of time, and depend mostly on current infection rates. In Germany, there were two periods of restraint of varying severity, during which the government used different combinations of containment and mitigation measures to protect risk groups and to lower the number of hospitalizations. Methods In two online studies, we aimed to determine differences and similarities in COVID-19-related fear, generalized anxiety, depression and distress levels, as well as in the adherence to safety behaviour between the first lockdown in March and April and the second lockdown in November. Results This study showed continued high psychological burden and even increased levels of depression symptoms, as well as less safety behaviour in the second phase of restrictions. Conclusions The results hint at a prolonged negative impact on people’s mental health and their safety behaviour despite lesser restrictions in the second lockdown, which may be interpreted as pandemic fatigue and hence strengthens the argument for a low-threshold access to psychological care.

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