scholarly journals Self-reported prevalence of periodontal disease among the Spanish population and immigrants: 2006, 2011/12 and 2017: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Gómez-Costa ◽  
Jesús San-Roman-Montero ◽  
Rosa Rojo ◽  
Ángel Gil ◽  
Rafael Gómez de Diego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tooth Mobility

Abstract Background Periodontal disease is one of the most common pathologies in the population. Self-reporting has been used as a diagnostic tool in large populations, among other reasons, to detect the needs of potentially vulnerable groups. This study evaluated the prevalence of periodontal disease in people of Spanish nationality and immigrants in Spain. Methods This population-based, cross-sectional study was carried out using data obtained from National Health Interview Surveys (NHSs) carried out in 2006, 2011/2012 and 2017 in Spain. Subjects aged 16 years and older were included in the NHS-2006 and aged 15 years and older were included in the other NHSs. The following variables were self-reported by the participants: gum bleeding, tooth mobility, tooth extraction and missing teeth. Chi-square homogeneity tests were performed to assess the main associations between the independent variable (nationality) and the dependent variables (bleeding gums, tooth mobility, tooth extraction and missing teeth). Multinomial logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the influences of the variables age and sex and their interactions on the main associations. Results A total of 115,123 participants were included in the NHS-2006 (n = 37,327, 11.38% immigrants), NHS-2011/12 (n = 38,727, 14.39% immigrants) and NHS-2017 (n = 39,069, 13.71% immigrants). The variables directly related to periodontal disease were gum bleeding and tooth mobility. These were significantly associated with nationality in the NHS-2006 and NHS-2017 cohorts. In the NHS-2011/12 cohort, only tooth mobility was associated with nationality. After adjustments for sex, age, and their interactions, immigrant status was associated with increased odds of bleeding in only the NHS-2006 cohort (RR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.38–1.99, p = 0.000). Conclusion Immigrants in Spain have a lower probability of developing signs associated with periodontal disease than the Spanish population. Among the immigrant cohort, females and those in adult age groups had lower prevalence rates than their counterparts.

scholarly journals Differential relationships of stress and HIV disclosure by gender: a person centered longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengbo Zeng ◽  
Shan Qiao ◽  
Xiaoming Li ◽  
Xueying Yang ◽  
Zhiyong Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Target Number ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Existing literature mostly consider HIV disclosure as a static event and investigate its relationship with stress using a cross-sectional design. It is unclear about the dynamic changes of HIV disclosure levels (defined as the number of disclosure targets) and how stress may influence these changes. This study explored different disclosure levels using a person-centered longitudinal approach, examined whether stress could predict these disclosure levels, and investigated if this relationship differed by gender among people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods Data were derived from a prospective cohort study conducted from November 2016 to January 2018 in Guangxi, China. Four hundred forty-four PLWH were included. Participants were assessed on perceived stress, sociodemographic characteristics, and number of HIV disclosure targets at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups. Growth mixture modeling was used to characterize disclosure levels based on the changes of disclosure target number. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict disclosure levels with baseline stress after adjusting for covariates. The interaction effect of stress by gender was examined. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval were reported to show the strength of association.  Results Three levels of disclosure were characterized as “Low levels of disclosure” (Level One), “Increased levels of disclosure” (Level Two), and “High levels of disclosure” (Level Three). Accordingly, 355 (81.2%), 28 (6.4%), and 64 (12.4%) of PLWH were categorized respectively under low, increased, and high levels of disclosure. The interaction of baseline stress by gender was significant in differentiating Level One from Three (AOR = 0.85 [0.74 ~ 0.99]) while it was not significant between Level One and Two (AOR = 0.96 [0.81 ~ 1.15]). Compared to female, male PLWH with higher baseline stress had lower probability to have consistent high disclosure levels over time. PLWH who were married/cohabited had lower probability of being classified into consistent high levels of disclosure than low level (AOR = 0.43 [0.19 ~ 0.94]). Conclusions There was gender difference in the relationship between stress and levels of HIV disclosure. To promote HIV disclosure, gender tailored interventions should be employed to help PLWH cope with stress.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional, Short-, Medium- and Long-Term Effects of Dietary Pattern on Frailty in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9717
Author(s):  
Mei-Huey Shiau ◽  
Meng-Chih Lee ◽  
Fang-Ling Lin ◽  
Baai-Shyun Hurng ◽  
Chih-Jung Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

This study examined the association between dietary patterns and the development of frailty during 4-, 8-, 12-year follow-up periods in the population-based Taiwan Study. We used the data of an elderly population aged 53 years and over (n = 3486) from four waves of the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging. Frailty was identified by using the modified Fried criteria and the values were summed to derive a frailty score. We applied reduced rank regression to determine dietary patterns, which were divided into tertiles (healthy, general, and unhealthy dietary pattern). We used multinomial logistic regression models to assess the association between dietary patterns and the risk of frailty. The healthy dietary pattern was characterized by a higher intake of antioxidant drinks (tea), energy-rich foods (carbohydrates, e.g., rice, noodles), protein-rich foods (fish, meat, seafood, and eggs), and phytonutrient-rich foods (fruit and dark green vegetables). Compared with the healthy pattern, the unhealthy dietary pattern showed significant cross-sectional, short-term, medium-term, and long-term associations with a higher prevalence of frailty (odds ratios (OR) 2.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.94–3.87, OR 2.55; 95% CI 1.67–3.88, OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.07–2.57, and OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.27–4.34, respectively). Our findings support recommendations to increase the intake of antioxidant drinks, energy-rich foods, protein-rich foods, and phytonutrient-rich foods, which were associated with a non-frail status. This healthy dietary pattern can help prevent frailty over time in elderly people.

School Bullying Among Vocational School Students in China: Prevalence and Associations With Personal, Relational, and School Factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052090736
Author(s):  
Shuqing Xu ◽  
Jun Ren ◽  
Fenfen Li ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Shumei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Vocational Schools ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Being Bullied

This study poses the following research questions: What is the prevalence of bullying in vocational schools in China? What are the differences between different genders and professions? How should individuals, families, and schools do to affect school bullying? What can we do to improve and to respond school bullying, to reduce its occurrence and consequences? This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 with 95,873 students from 85 vocational schools. The main outcome indicators were self-reported involvement in bullying (perpetrator, victim, perpetrator-victim, or uninvolved). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted, with personal characteristics, relational characteristics, and school climate as predictors. A total of 30.4% of participants reported being bullied, 2.9% reported bullying others, and 21.7% reported being bullied and bullying others. Majors related to primary and secondary industries are more likely to involvement in bullying than majors related to tertiary industries. Boys were more involved in physical or verbal bullying, whereas girls were more involved in relational bullying and cyberbullying. Sex, history of fighting, and emotional/mental state were the strongest individual factors associated with bullying. Having friends was inversely associated with bullying involvement; moreover, a positive relationship with parents and a good parenting style (warmth, democracy, and mutual concern) protected students from bullying others as well as being bullied. School bullying programs, happiness at school, and insecurity at school were strong negative predictors of bullying. Bullying is prevalent among vocational school students in China. An appropriate response to school bullying requires strengthening student capacity to correctly understand and deal with bullying, identifying victims and vulnerable groups, developing school-based interventions, involving parents in prevention programs, and enhancing students’ sense of responsibility in supervision, reporting, and creating a friendly environment.

scholarly journals Consumption of foods with voluntary fortification of micronutrients in southern Brazil: prevalence and associated factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1555-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Lima Cirino ◽  
Roberta de Vargas Zanini ◽  
Denise Petrucci Gigante
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Southern City

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the consumption of foods with voluntary fortification of vitamins and minerals (FVFVM) according to demographic, socio-economic and health characteristics.DesignA cross-sectional population-based study.SettingThe investigated food groups were selected in two stages according to availability of food in the local market and prevalence of food consumption in a recent national survey. The research instruments included a questionnaire and a photographic catalogue. The FVFVM consumption covered a period of one week prior to the interview date. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12·0 statistical software package, considering the design effect and a hierarchical model. A multinomial logistic regression was applied to estimate the prevalence ratios. All tests were two-tailed, with a 5·0 % significance level.SubjectsAdults (≥20 years old) living in a southern city of Brazil.ResultsBetween February and June 2012, 2925 individuals were interviewed. Losses and refusals corresponded to 13·4 % of the sample. The overall prevalence of FVFVM consumption was 73·3 (95 % CI 71·7, 75·9) %. The total number of FVFVM reported exhibited a distribution with a median of two and a maximum of fifteen, inflated by the FVFVM categorized in the ‘juice’ group. The micronutrients most consumed were vitamin C, followed by Fe and thiamin. Young adults, females, those of higher socio-economic status and those who perceived their health positively were more likely to consume FVFVM.ConclusionsPrevalence of FVFVM consumption in southern Brazil, occurring concurrently with the decline in consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods, and the way voluntary fortification is being employed trigger a warning sign to primary prevention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Self-Reported Diabetes and Its Associated Factors: A Population-Based Study in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana A. F. Da-Mata ◽  
Tais F. Galvao ◽  
Mauricio G. Pereira ◽  
Marcus T. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Aim. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and its associated risk factors in adults from Brasilia, Brazil.Methods. The present cross-sectional population-based study consisted of interviews with individuals aged 18–65 years. Participants were selected through two-stage probability sampling by clusters and stratified by sex and age. Demographic and clinical data were collected directly with participants from February to May 2012. Self-reported diabetes prevalence was calculated at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Prevalence ratios (PR) were adjusted by Poisson regression with robust variance.Results. In all, 1,820 individuals were interviewed. Diabetes prevalence in the adult population of Brasilia was 10.1% (95% CI, 8.5%–11.6%). Variables associated with diabetes were an age between 35 and 49 years (PR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.19–2.82) or 50 and 65 years (PR = 1.95; 95% CI, 1.17–3.23), hypertension (PR = 4.04; 95% CI, 2.66–6.13), respiratory disease (PR = 1.67; 95% CI, 1.11–2.50), cardiovascular disease (PR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.15–2.63), and pain/discomfort (PR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.21–2.41).Conclusion. Diabetes is a prevalent condition in adults living in Brasilia, and disease risk increases with age and comorbidities. Future health policies should focus on screening programs and prevention for the more vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals Associations of the COVID-19 Pandemic With Social Wellbeing Indicators in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireya Vilar-Compte ◽  
Mauricio Hernandez-F ◽  
Pablo Gaitán-Rossi ◽  
Víctor Pérez ◽  
Graciela Teruel
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Public health measures for COVID-19 containment have implied economic and social life disruptions, which have been particularly deleterious in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) due to high rates of informal employment, overcrowding, and barriers to accessing health services, amongst others social determinants. Mexico, a LMIC, is a country with a high COVID-19 mortality in which there has been a very limited governmental response to help mitigate such COVID-related disruptions. This study analyzes the association of the first wave of the COVID-19 crisis in Mexico with four wellbeing indicators: income, employment, anxiety, and food security. Methods: It uses pooled cross-sectional data (n=5,453) of five monthly nationally representative surveys collected between April and August 2020. Probit models are estimated to assess the association of the pandemic with job loss and anxiety; a multinomial logistic regression is estimated for food security, and an ordinary least squares regression assesses the association between the pandemic and changes in household’s income. Results: Females were significantly associated with worse outcomes for the 4 wellbeing measures with an average reduction of 2.3% in household income compared to pre-COVID-19 levels, an increased probability (6.4 pp) if being in a household that had lost jobs, decreased probability of food security (6.9 pp), and an increased risk of anxiety symptoms (8.5 pp). In addition, those with lower SES and household with children also reported worse outcomes for employment, income and food security. The month variable was also statistically significant in these models suggesting that as more months of the pandemic elapsed the effects persisted. Conclusion: The currents study documents hos the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with different wellbeing indicators in a LMIC. It suggests the urgent need to take actions to support vulnerable groups, particularly women, households with children and those in the lowest SES. If policy actions are not taken, the pandemic will increase social and gender disparities, and will jeopardize childhood development

scholarly journals Gambaran Kehilangan Gigi pada Mahasiswa Tahap Profesi Dokter Gigi

e-GIGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Juliatri Juliatri ◽  
Pritartha S. Anindita
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Dental Student ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Level Of Understanding

Abstract: Tooth loss can occur due to various causes including caries and periodontal disease. Dental clerkship students are expected to have a good level of understanding of dental and oral health, therefore, they can prevent tooth loss due to dental and oral diseases such as caries or periodontal disease. This study was aimed to obtain the description of tooth loss among dental clerkship students at Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University (PSPDG FK Unsrat) Manado. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design using total sampling method. Data were collected by means of questionnaires containing the identity and status of respondents with tooth loss, and were analyzed to determine the frequency and distribution of tooth loss. Out of a total of 228 students, 156 students filled in the questionnaires with a response rate of 68.4%. The results showed that 103 or 66% of respondents experienced tooth loss of one or more teeth and the total number of all missing teeth were 240 teeth. Caries was the most prominent cause of tooth loss, as many as 144 teeth or 60%. Of the 240 missing teeth, 202 teeth were not replaced with dentures. In conclusion, the prevalence of tooth loss among dental clerkship students at PSPDG FK Unsrat was 66%. Caries was the most common cause of tooth loss. Most of the missing teeth were not replaced with dentures for various reasons.Keywords: tooth loss; dental student  Abstrak: Kehilangan gigi dapat terjadi akibat berbagai hal di antaranya karies dan penyakit periodontal. Mahasiswa tahap profesi dokter gigi diharapkan memiliki tingkat pemahaman tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang baik sehingga dapat mencegah kehilangan gigi yang disebabkan oleh penyakit gigi dan mulut seperti karies atau penyakit periodontal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kehilangan gigi pada mahasiswa tahap profesi dokter gigi di Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi (PSPDG FK Unsrat) Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Penentuan sampel dengan metode total sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang berisi identitas dan status kehilangan gigi responden, dan dianalisis untuk mengetahui frekuensi dan distribusi kehilangan gigi responden. Dari total 228 mahasiswa, sebanyak 156 mahasiswa mengisi kuesioner dengan response rate sebesar 68,4%. Hasil penelitian menun-jukkan 103 atau 66% responden mengalami kehilangan satu atau lebih gigi dengan jumlah keseluruhan gigi yang hilang 240 gigi. Karies merupakan penyebab kehilangan gigi paling tinggi yaitu sebanyak 144 gigi atau 60%. Dari 240 gigi yang hilang, sebanyak 202 gigi tidak dibuatkan gigi tiruan. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah prevalensi kehilangan gigi pada mahasiswa tahap profesi PSPDG FK Unsrat sebesar 66%. Karies merupakan penyebab kehilangan gigi paling tinggi. Sebagian besar gigi yang hilang tidak dibuatkan gigi tiruan dengan berbagai alasan.Kata kunci: kehilangan gigi; mahasiswa kedokteran gigi

scholarly journals Association of low birth weight with thinness and severe obesity in children aged 3–12 years: a large-scale population-based cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e028738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Chen ◽  
Zhijuan Jin ◽  
You Yang ◽  
Fan Jiang ◽  
Hong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Obesity In Children

ObjectivesLow birth weight (BW) is a general symbol of inadequate intrauterine conditions that elicit abnormal fetal growth and development. The aim of current study is to investigate the relationship between low BW and thinness or severe obesity during maturation.DesignA large-scale cross-sectional population-based survey.Setting134 kindergartens and 70 elementary schools.Participants70 284 Chinese children aged 3–12 years.Outcome measuresInternational Obesity Task Force body mass index (BMI) cut-offs were used to define grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 thinness, overweight, obesity and severe obesity. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the association between BW and BMI category.ResultsA total of 70 284 children participated in the survey. The percentage of grade 1 thinness and severe obesity in children with low BW is significantly higher than that in children with normal BW (p<0.05). Low BW was associated with an increased risk of grade 1 thinness (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.75), grade 2 thinness (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.64), grade 3 thinness (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.42) and severe obesity (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.55) but was not associated with obesity (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.06).ConclusionThere is a positive association between low BW and thinness or severe obesity risk.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption and self-rated health among older people: population-based study in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 756-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Lindström ◽  
Charlotta Hellström ◽  
Bo Simonsson ◽  
Anu Molarius
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Older People ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Random Population Sample

Abstract Objective To analyse alcohol consumption and its association with self-rated health among a representative sample of older people in mid-Sweden. Background Over the past decades, alcohol consumption has increased in the older population in Sweden, but few studies have investigated the association between alcohol consumption and self-rated health in this group. The aim was therefore to investigate alcohol consumption and self-rated health among older Swedes. Methods The study is based on a cross-sectional study of 11,716 men and women, 65 years and over, answering a survey questionnaire sent to a random population sample in mid-Sweden in 2012. We assessed alcohol consumption with AUDIT-C and its association with self-rated health using logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, economic situation, educational level, BMI, physical activity, social support and medication use. Results Men (83%) were more prone to drink alcohol compared to women (71%). The prevalence of risk drinking was about 2% for both genders. Alcohol consumption declined with age. Moderate consumption of alcohol was associated with lower probability of poor self-rated health compared to non-drinking with an adjusted odds ratio 0.64 (95% confidence interval: 0.54-0.76) for men and 0.68 (0.59-0.79) for women. Conclusion Since the study was cross-sectional the direction of the association could not be determined, and the results should not be interpreted as an argument for promoting alcohol consumption among older people.

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