scholarly journals Dental markers of biocultural sex differences in an early modern population from Gothenburg, Sweden: caries and other oral pathologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Bertilsson ◽  
Lisa Nylund ◽  
Maria Vretemark ◽  
Peter Lingström
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Modern Population

Abstract Background With the aim to study dental pathological lesions in an early Swedish modern population, with special reference to sex variances of dental caries, the prevalence and distribution of dental caries and tooth wear were determined in complete and partial human dentitions from an early modern-time city graveyard (1500–1620) excavated in Gamlestaden, Gothenburg, Sweden. Methods Partial and complete dentitions were examined through visual inspection and using a dental probe. Pathologies were studied, evaluated and presented by teeth and alveoli. Results The study population consisted of 308 individuals. A total of 4,951 teeth in adults and 1,660 teeth in children were examined. Caries prevalence in the studied population was 55% and the highest prevalence of caries was found among the adults, where 68% of the individuals had at least one carious lesion. Caries experience (DMT > 0) in the entire population was 60%, and among adults caries experience was 76%. Women had significantly higher caries experience than men (p < 0.05). Caries was most prevalent in the molar teeth and least prevalent in the incisors and canines. Significant age-related increases in tooth wear were found, and a positive correlation between wear in molars and incisors (p < 0.001). Other clinical findings were signs of apical lesions, crowding of teeth, aplasia, non-erupted canines and calculus. Conclusions Findings show that dental pathological lesions affected a majority of the studied population, and indicate that women were more predisposed to dental disease than their male counterparts. Results are discussed from a multi-factorial explanation model including dietary, physiological and cultural etiological factors.

Health and Disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Armelagos ◽  
Dennis P. Van Gerven
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Dental Pathology ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ulna Fractures ◽  
Health And Disease

We present our studies of the adults at Wadi Halfa and Kulubnarti from the perspective of three common pathologies: tooth wear (dental caries and abscess), age-related bone loss (osteopenia), and trauma (bone fractures). The comparison of wear, caries, and abscess at Wadi Halfa revealed a greater degree of dental pathology during X-Group times compared with the Meroitic period. This is consistent with a shift toward a more agrarian lifestyle and the consumption of less highly processed food. The studies of age-related bone loss at Wadi Halfa were among the first to demonstrate a significant loss of bone among females as compared with males – this is a pattern consistent with male-female bone loss differences today. The osteopenia research was also among the first to demonstrate a pattern of pre-menopausal bone loss consistent with the dietary stresses faced by women during their reproductive years. The studies of bone fractures at Kulubnarti showed a high frequency of forearm (ulna) fractures compared with bone fractures in other populations, both prehistoric and modern. This is consistent with the constant danger of falls while moving through the rocky and boulder-strewn terrain in a region described in Arabic as Batn el Hajar (belly of the rock).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dental Caries and Traumatic Dental Injuries among 6- to 12-year-old Children in Bhopal City, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
ND Shashikiran ◽  
Pratibha Ahirwar ◽  
Priyanka Maran ◽  
Pawan Raj Kannojiya
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Traumatic Dental Injuries ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dental Injuries

ABSTRACT Introduction Dental caries and trauma are the most common oral health problems for many decades. There is need for prevalence data to analyze the nature of the problems and to take necessary steps in improving public health. Aim and objectives To assess the prevalence of dental caries and traumatic dental injuries among schoolchildren of age 6 to 12 years in Bhopal city. Settings and design Cross-sectional study design was selected. Universal sampling method was followed in this study. Materials and methods A total of 1,204 children were examined. The distribution of samples was done based on age, gender, residing area, and type of school. Statistical analysis Data were collected and statistically evaluated under chi-square test and analysis of variance. Results The overall caries experience (73.17%) was found to be higher than that of traumatic injury experience (20.9%). There was age-related correlation between age and decay, missing, and filled teeth score. Conclusion Since most injuries occur at home or at school, educating the individual is the key that will have a great impact on the prognosis of traumatic injuries. Also good food habits need to be instilled in children from a tender age with the help of parents, which is the ultimate solution to fight caries. How to cite this article Maran S, Shashikiran ND, Ahirwar P, Maran P, Kannojiya PR, Niranjan B. Prevalence of Dental Caries and Traumatic Dental Injuries among 6- to 12-year-old Children in Bhopal City, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):172-176.

scholarly journals Effect of ageing on selected salivary chemical compositions and dental caries experience among group of adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hiba K. Al-Tamimi ◽  
Nadia A. Al-Rawi
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Ageing is a continuous accumulative ordinary physiological phenomena occurs upon all organs and body structures including saliva by its constituents which can influence the caries process, for that this study was conducted to determine the impact of ageing on selected chemical composition of saliva and their effects on dental caries experience characteristics at different age groups among apparently healthy men. Materials and method: A descriptive comparative study was conducted to compare between three study samples (young, middle and old age adults), thirty male in each study insert, aged (20 years, 40 years and 60 years) respectively. They were selected from private health center in Baghdad - Iraq, from the mid of November 2017until the end of February 2018, where they subjected to complete body investigations to confirm their health status, followed by thorough general body history and oral examination. Caries experience was recorded according to the criteria of WHO in1987. Un-stimulated saliva was collected according to Navazesh and Kumer and analyzed chemically to determine the level of calcium ions and alkaline phosphatase. All data then statistically analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Results: The current study, showed that the caries experience represented by DMFs increased with increasing age, by which the highest mean value of DMFs was established in the oldest age (60.37± 31.39) and the lowest mean value was noted among the youngest age (7.27±8.02). A significant differences existed between all study samples (p≤0.05). However, the missing surfaces represented the largest proportion of DMFs value when compared to Ds and Fs among all ages Iin the current study, with significant differences (p≤0.05) was followed by the decay fraction that found to be increased with age but with no significant difference. Salivary Calcium ions showed decreasing with increasing age with statically significant differences among different study samples while salivary alkaline phosphatase was increased with increasing age with no significant differences. Concerning the caries experience among the study samples, the salivary Ca+2 ions inversely correlated while alkaline phosphates correlated positively with caries experience. Conclusion: there is a significant age related changes on the selected chemical constituents of saliva that could affect the caries experience

scholarly journals Caries Experience among Tribal Gypsies in Thoothukudi District - A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1372-1376
Author(s):  
Lalitha Rani Chellappa ◽  
Leelavathi L ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu ◽  
Meignana Arumugham Indiran
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Study Population

Dental caries, or tooth decay, is an infectious process involving breakdown of the tooth enamel. Caries form through a complex interaction between cariogenic acid-producing bacteria in combination with fermentable carbohydrates and other dietary, genetic, behavioural, social, and cultural factors. Poor oral hygiene and low dental service levels were found in marginalised areas.  The study aimed to assess the caries experience of Narikuravars in Thoothukudi district. A cross-sectional study was done among gipsies in Thoothukudi district. Oral health examination was done the gipsies in the above three taluks in which they were present. All the study participants were examined under adequate illumination, and clinical data were collected on dental caries as described by the World Health Organization (WHO). DMFT (Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth) was used to assess the caries experience. For statistical analysis, t-test and ANOVA was used. The total size of the screened population was 164. There were 128 adults and 36 children who are below 18 years of age. Mean Decayed teeth, mean Missed teeth and mean Filled teeth was found to be 3.38±1.730, 1.01± 2.109, 0.01± 0.088 respectively. Decayed teeth were most common in the study population. Mean DMFT score among the adult study population was found to be 4.40 ± 2.603. The difference between the different age groups to Mean DMFT and was found to be statistically significant (F value- 22.679; p < 0.05). The present study concluded that the experience of dental caries was low in the study population. It was more prevalent in males as compared to the female population. 

Does non-institutionalized elders have a better oral health status compared to institutionalized ones? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 2177-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilky Pollansky Silva e Farias ◽  
Simone Alves de Sousa ◽  
Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de Almeida ◽  
Bianca Marques Santiago ◽  
Antonio Carlos Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Periodontal Status

Abstract This systematic review compared the oral health status between institutionalized and non-institutionalized elders. The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs and Cochrane Library, in a comprehensive and unrestricted manner. Electronic searches retrieved 1687 articles, which were analyzed with regards to respective eligibility criteria. After reading titles and abstracts, five studies were included and analyzed with respect their methodological quality. Oral status of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly was compared through meta-analysis. Included articles involved a cross-sectional design, which investigated 1936 individuals aged 60 years and over, being 999 Institutionalized and 937 non-institutionalized elders. Studies have investigated the prevalence of edentulous individuals, the dental caries experience and the periodontal status. Meta-analysis revealed that institutionalized elderly have greater prevalence of edentulous (OR = 2.28, 95%CI = 1.68-3.07) and higher number of decayed teeth (MD = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.71-1.05) and missed teeth (MD = 4.58, 95%CI = 1.89-7.27). Poor periodontal status did not differ significantly between groups. Compared to non-institutionalized, institutionalized elders have worse dental caries experience.

PREVALENSI KARIES GIGI MOLAR SATU PERMANEN PADA ANAK UMUR 6-9 TAHUN DI SEKOLAH DASAR KECAMATAN TOMOHON SELATAN

e-GIGI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsela Liwe ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan ◽  
Paulina N. Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Permanent Molar ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Milk Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract: In children, caries occurs mostly at the age of 6 to 9 years. At the age of 6 years permanent molar teeth begin to erupt, therefore, they are more susceptible to caries. Moreover, at the age of 9 years, a period of mingled teeth where the number of permanent teeth and of the milk teeth are nearly the same. This study aimed to obtain the prevalence of dental caries of the first permanent molar among students of elementary schools in South Tomohon. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The population of this study was 72 students aged 6-9 years old. Samples were obtained by using total sampling method. Primary data were obtained by examination of the teeth and mouth. The results showed that the prevalence of caries among students of elementary schools in South Tomohon was 68.1% (49 students). Based on gender, caries were most frequent among males (68.4%). Based on age, caries were most frequent among students of 8 years old (79.2%). Based on tooth element, tooth 36 had the highest incidence of caries (37.2%). Based on the severity of caries, dentine caries was the most frequent (46.51%).Keywords: dental caries, the first permanent molarAbstrak: Karies merupakan penyakit yang banyak menyerang anak-anak terutama umur 6 sampai 9 tahun. Pada umur 6 tahun gigi molar permanen sudah mulai tumbuh sehingga lebih rentan terkena karies dan umur 9 tahun merupakan periode gigi bercampur dimana jumlah gigi permanen dan gigi sulung dalam rongga mulut hampir sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi karies gigi molar satu permanen pada anak di SD kecamatan Tomohon Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Populasi penelitian yaitu anak umur 6 - 9 tahun di SD kecamatan Tomohon Selatan dengan jumlah 72 orang. Sampel penelitian digunakan total sampling. Metode pengambilan data secara primer yaitu dengan pemeriksaan gigi dan mulut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi karies pada anak-anak di SD kecamatan Tomohon Selatan mencapai 68,1% dengan jumlah 49 anak. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin angka kejadian karies tertinggi didapatkan pada anak laki-laki mencapai 26 anak (68,4%). Berdasarkan usia angka kejadian karies tertinggi didapatkan pada usia 8 tahun mencapai 19 anak (79,2%). Berdasarkan elemen gigi, gigi 36 merupakan yang paling tinggi angka kejadian kariesnya yaitu 32 gigi (37,2%) dan berdasarkan tingkat keparahan karies kejadian karies dentin yang paling tinggi yaitu mencapai 40 gigi (46,51%).Kata kunci: karies gigi, molar satu permanen

scholarly journals Free Sugars Intake among Chinese Adolescents and Its Association with Dental Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Qiping Yang ◽  
Yue Xi ◽  
Hanmei Liu ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Yufeng Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Targeted Interventions

This study aims to estimate the free sugars intake, identify the primary food sources of free sugars, and explore the relationship between free sugars intake and dental caries among Chinese adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 1517 middle-school students aged 12–14 years in Changsha city, China. Adolescents completed a 12-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and oral health assessment. The students’ dental caries experience was available as DMFT score (number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth). Statistical analyses included the Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression model. The average intake of free sugars was 53.1 g/d in adolescents, and 43.2% of the students consumed more than 50 g of free sugars daily. The primary contributor to free sugars was sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Age, boarders, and high family income were risk factors for excessive free sugars intake (p < 0.05), and increased free sugars intake was a risk factor for dental caries (odds ratio, OR = 1.446, 95% confidence interval: 1.138–1.839). Both the free sugars intake and dental caries prevalence in Chinese adolescents were high. Targeted interventions are urgently needed to address the excessive consumption of free sugars and improve Chinese adolescents’ oral health.

scholarly journals Dental caries among Finnish teenagers participating in physical activity and diet intervention: association with anthropometrics and behavioural factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirja Methuen ◽  
Sofia Kauppinen ◽  
Anna Liisa Suominen ◽  
Aino-Maija Eloranta ◽  
Juuso Väistö ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Behavioural Factors

Abstract Background An association between childhood anthropometric measurements and dental caries is conflicting. The prevalence and severity of dental caries and its association with anthropometric and behavioural factors, were investigated among Finnish teenagers. Methods The study sample comprised 202 15–17-year-old participants in the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) Study. Dental caries findings were recorded using International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria, including activity estimation; numbers of decayed teeth (DT) and decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) were recorded. Body weight, height and waist circumference were measured and respective body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Body fat percentage was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Health-related behaviours and consumption of food and drinks were assessed using questionnaires, and intake of nutrients using a 4-day food record. Results Mean DMFT for all the participants was 2.4 (SD = 2.9), DT 0.6 (SD = 1.3), and 36% had DMFT = 0. No difference between genders was observed. In bivariate analyses, use of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) three times or less per week and not having used snuff associated significantly, whereas higher carbohydrate intake (E%), toothbrushing less often than twice a day and higher caries experience at baseline almost significantly with DT > 0. In adjusted regression analyses, frequent use of SSB and higher carbohydrate intake increased the odds for DT > 0. Additionally, higher carbohydrate intake (E%) and infrequent tooth brushing significantly associated with a higher number of DT. Conclusion Caries prevalence is still low and similar in Finnish teenage girls and boys. Behavioural factors are, but anthropometric factors are not associated with dental caries.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of immunocompromised patients infected with Pneumocystis jirovecii in a twelve-year retrospective study from Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine Grønseth ◽  
Tormod Rogne ◽  
Raisa Hannula ◽  
Bjørn Olav Åsvold ◽  
Jan Egil Afset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Cardinal Symptoms

Abstract Background Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) severely menaces modern chemotherapy and immunosuppression. Detailed description of the epidemiology of Pneumocystis jirovecii today is needed to identify candidates for PCP-prophylaxis. Methods We performed a 12-year retrospective study of patients with P. jirovecii detected by polymerase chain reaction in Central Norway. In total, 297 patients were included. Comprehensive biological, clinical and epidemiological data were abstracted from patients’ medical records. Regional incidence rates and testing trends were also assessed. Results From 2007 to 2017 we found a 3.3-fold increase in testing for P. jirovecii accompanied by a 1.8-fold increase in positive results. Simultaneously, regional incidence rates doubled from 5.0 cases per 100,000 person years to 10.8. A majority of the study population had predisposing conditions other than human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Hematological (36.0%) and solid cancers (25.3%) dominated. Preceding corticosteroids were a common denominator for 72.1%. Most patients (74.4%) presented with at least two cardinal symptoms; cough, dyspnea or fever. Main clinical findings were hypoxia, cytopenias and radiological features consistent with PCP. A total of 88 (29.6%) patients required intensive care and 121 (40.7%) suffered at least one complication. In-hospital mortality was 21.5%. Three patients (1.0%) had received prophylaxis. Conclusions P. jirovecii is re-emerging; likely due to increasing immunosuppressants use. This opportunistic pathogen threatens the life of heterogenous non-HIV immunosuppressed populations currently at growth. Corticosteroids seem to be a major risk factor. A strategy to increase prophylaxis is called for.

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