scholarly journals The antibacterial activity and toxin production control of bee venom in mouse MRSA pneumonia model

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryong Kong ◽  
Young-Seob Lee ◽  
Dam-Hee Kang ◽  
Shu Wang ◽  
Qianqian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Mrsa Infection

Abstract Background The current antimicrobial therapy is still important for the treatment of pneumonia due to MRSA infection, but there are some limitations, including the route of administration, side effect profile, and increased microbial resistance patterns. Therefore, we investigated whether BV, which shows a strong antimicrobial effect against MRSA, would be effective in a pneumonia model. Methods In vitro, we checked MIC, qRT-PCR, western blot, ELISA, LDH-assay. In vivo, we checked survival rate, gross pathological change, histopathology, lung bacterial clearance assay, and the expression of inflammatory related gene. Results The minimum inhibitory concentration of BV against MRSA is 15.6 μg/ml by broth dilution method. The production of toxins and related gene were reduced by BV in MRSA. The secretion of cytokines were decreased by treatment with BV in 264.7 RAW macrophages stimulated by MRSA Also, BV protected A549 from pathogenicity of MRSA. Bee venom reduced the number of bacteria in the lungs and alleviated the symptoms of MRSA-induced pneumonia in mouse. Conclusion BV inhibited the virulence of the bacterium and the number of bacterial cells present in lung tissue, thereby alleviating the symptoms of pneumonia in mice. This study suggested that BV may be a candidate substance for the treatment of pneumonia caused by MRSA infection.

scholarly journals Assessment of in Vivo Antimicrobials Effect of some Medicinal Plants Seeds on Broilers Meat Keeping Quality

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elkhatim ◽  
Abdelmageed Hyder O. Abdalla ◽  
Omer H. Arabi ◽  
Babiker M. S. ◽  
Abdel Moneim E. Sulieman
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Keeping Quality

The aim of the study is to evaluate the in vivo antimicrobial effect of some natural products, that include seeds of: Black cumin Fenugreek, Moringa olefera, Clitoria ternatea, Sunflower and Vit E on broiler meat keeping quality. One hundred and five one day old male chicks were used. They were allotted to 7 treatments with 3 replications each in CRD design .The chicks were fed balanced rations supplemented with tested seeds and Vit E. In vivo antimicrobial effects of tested seeds were measured using the serial dilution method on chickens breast samples at fresh, - 4oC and at – 20oC for 30 days. The tested seeds had an in vitro antifungal and antimicrobial effect on Gram + ve and Gram -ve bacteria. The in vivo antimicrobial effects of tested seeds showed no significant at fresh and -20oC storage conditions; however, there was a significant difference among treatments at – 4oC-storage condition. Nevertheless, there was a significant difference among storage conditions. Generally, the results demonstrated that the tested seeds can be used as an in vitro antimicrobial natural source.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity assays of carvacrol: A candidate for development of innovative treatments against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246003
Author(s):  
Gleyce Hellen de Almeida de Souza ◽  
Joyce Alencar dos Santos Radai ◽  
Marcia Soares Mattos Vaz ◽  
Kesia Esther da Silva ◽  
Thiago Leite Fraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Interesting Candidate

Dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a threat to the successful treatment of bacterial diseases and increases the need for new antibacterial agents development. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol against multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae. Carbapenemase production was detected by MALDI-TOF. The PCR and sequencing showed that the blaKPC-2, blaOXA-48, blaNDM-1, blaCTX-M-8 genes were present in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strains. The polymyxin-resistant K. pneumoniae strain exhibited alterations in mgrB gene. The antimicrobial activity of carvacrol was evaluated in vitro using broth microdilution and time-kill methods. For this, carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae and polymyxin-resistant strains, were evaluated. The in vitro results showed that carvacrol had antimicrobial activity against all isolates evaluated. The survival curves showed that carvacrol eradicated all of the bacterial cells within 4 h. The antimicrobial effect of carvacrol in vivo was determined using a mouse model of infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC). The treatment with carvacrol was associated with increased survival, and significantly reduced bacterial load in peritoneal lavage. In addition, groups treated with carvacrol, had a significant reduction in the total numbers of white cell and significantly increased of platelets when compared to the untreated group. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that carvacrol regimens exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against KPC-producing K. pneumoniae, making it an interesting candidate for development of alternative treatments.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Curcumin in Nanoformulations: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7130
Author(s):  
Jeffersson Krishan Trigo-Gutierrez ◽  
Yuliana Vega-Chacón ◽  
Amanda Brandão Soares ◽  
Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Curcumin (CUR) is a natural substance extracted from turmeric that has antimicrobial properties. Due to its ability to absorb light in the blue spectrum, CUR is also used as a photosensitizer (PS) in antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). However, CUR is hydrophobic, unstable in solutions, and has low bioavailability, which hinders its clinical use. To circumvent these drawbacks, drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been used. In this review, we summarize the DDSs used to carry CUR and their antimicrobial effect against viruses, bacteria, and fungi, including drug-resistant strains and emergent pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. The reviewed DDSs include colloidal (micelles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, cyclodextrins, chitosan, and other polymeric nanoparticles), metallic, and mesoporous particles, as well as graphene, quantum dots, and hybrid nanosystems such as films and hydrogels. Free (non-encapsulated) CUR and CUR loaded in DDSs have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial action when used alone or as a PS in aPDT. They also show low cytotoxicity, in vivo biocompatibility, and improved wound healing. Although there are several in vitro and some in vivo investigations describing the nanotechnological aspects and the potential antimicrobial application of CUR-loaded DDSs, clinical trials are not reported and further studies should translate this evidence to the clinical scenarios of infections.

scholarly journals Regulatory Mechanism for Exfoliative Toxin Production inStaphylococcus aureus

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1660-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuminori Kato ◽  
Noriko Kadomoto ◽  
Yuko Iwamoto ◽  
Katsuaki Bunai ◽  
Hitoshi Komatsuzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Neonatal Mouse ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Global Regulators ◽  
Exfoliative Toxin ◽  
Blistering Disease

ABSTRACTThe exfoliative toxin (ET) is a major virulence factor ofStaphylococcus aureusthat causes bullous impetigo and its disseminated form, staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome (SSSS). ET selectively digests one of the intracellular adhesion molecules, desmoglein 1, of epidermal keratinocytes and causes blisters due to intraepidermal cell-cell dissociation. MostS. aureusstrains that cause blistering disease produce either ETA or ETB. They are serologically distinct molecules, where ETA is encoded on a phage genome and ETB is enocded on a large plasmid. ETA-producingS. aureusstrains are frequently isolated from impetigo patients, and ETB-producingS. aureusstrains are isolated from SSSS. ET-induced blister formation can be reproduced with the neonatal mouse. To determine the regulatory mechanism of ET production, we investigated the role of the two-component systems and global regulators foretaoretbexpressionin vitroandin vivowith the mouse model. Western blot and transcription analyses using a series of mutants demonstrate ETA production was downregulated bysigB,sarS, andsarA, while ETB production was downregulated bysigBandsarAbut not bysarS. Production of both toxins is upregulated bysaeRS,arlRS, andagrCA. Furthermore, by thein vivoneonatal mouse model,sigBandsarSbut notsarAnegatively regulate the exfoliation activity of the ETA-producing strain, whilesarAnegatively regulates the ETB-producing strain. In both strains,saeRS,arlRS, andagrCApositively regulate the exfoliation activityin vivo. The data illustrate similar but distinct regulatory mechanisms for ETA and ETB productionin S. aureus in vitroas well asin vivo.

scholarly journals Toxin Production by Pseudomonas Tolaasii Paine

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
NG Nair ◽  
PC Fahy
Keyword(s):  
Toxin Production ◽  
Nutrient Broth ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Pseudomonas Tolaasii ◽  
Brown Discoloration

Evidence is presented for the production of toxin in vitro and in vivo by P. tolaasii. Nutrient broth suspensions of P. tolaasii placed on detached mushroom sporophores but separated by a dialysis membrane caused brown discoloration and slightly sunken lesions.

scholarly journals Antifungal and Antibacterial Metabolites from a French Poplar Type Propolis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Séverine Boisard ◽  
Anne-Marie Le Ray ◽  
Anne Landreau ◽  
Marie Kempf ◽  
Viviane Cassisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Weak Activity ◽  
Agar Dilution

During this study, thein vitroantifungal and antibacterial activities of different extracts (aqueous and organic) obtained from a French propolis batch were evaluated. Antifungal activity was evaluated by broth microdilution on three pathogenic strains:Candida albicans, C. glabrata, andAspergillus fumigatus. Antibacterial activity was assayed using agar dilution method on 36 Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains includingStaphylococcus aureus. Organic extracts showed a significant antifungal activity againstC. albicansandC. glabrata(MIC80between 16 and 31 µg/mL) but only a weak activity towardsA. fumigatus(MIC80= 250 µg/mL). DCM based extracts exhibited a selective Gram-positive antibacterial activity, especially againstS. aureus(SA) and several of its methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) strains (MIC10030–97 µg/mL). A new and active derivative of catechin was also identified whereas a synergistic antimicrobial effect was noticed during this study.

MyD88-Dependent Glucose Restriction and Itaconate Production Control Brucella Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn A. Lacey ◽  
Bárbara Ponzilacqua-Silva ◽  
Catherine A. Chambers ◽  
Alexis S. Dadelahi ◽  
Jerod A. Skyberg
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Glucose Restriction ◽  
Myd88 Signaling

Brucellosis is one of the most common global zoonoses and is caused by facultative intracellular bacteria of the genus Brucella . Numerous studies have found that MyD88 signaling contributes to protection against Brucella , however the underlying mechanism has not been entirely defined. Here we show that MyD88 signaling in hematopoietic cells contributes both to inflammation and to control of Brucella melitensis infection in vivo . While the protective role of MyD88 in Brucella infection has often been attributed to promotion of IFN-γ production, we found that MyD88 signaling restricts host colonization by B. melitensis even in the absence of IFN-γ. In vitro , we show that MyD88 promotes macrophage glycolysis in response to B. melitensis . Interestingly, a B. melitensis mutant lacking the glucose transporter, GluP, was more highly attenuated in MyD88 -/- than in WT mice, suggesting MyD88 deficiency results in an increased availability of glucose in vivo which Brucella can exploit via GluP. Metabolite profiling of macrophages identified several metabolites regulated by MyD88 in response to B. melitensis , including itaconate. Subsequently, we found that itaconate has antibacterial effects against Brucella and also regulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in B. melitensis -infected macrophages. Mice lacking the ability to produce itaconate were also more susceptible to B. melitensis in vivo . Collectively, our findings indicate that MyD88-dependent changes in host metabolism contribute to control of Brucella infection.

scholarly journals Efficacy of natural formulations in bovine mastitis pathology: alternative solution to antibiotic treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Pașca ◽  
Liviu Alexandru Mărghitaș ◽  
Daniel Severus Dezmirean ◽  
Ioana Adriana Matei ◽  
Victorița Bonta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

AbstractIntroductionBovine mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the udder that causes important economic losses in the animal breeding and dairy product industries. Nowadays, the conventional livestock antibiotic treatments are slowly being replaced by alternative treatments. In this context, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of natural products in alternative treatment of bovine mastitis.Material and MethodsTwo natural formulations with previously suggested in vitro antimicrobial effect were tested in vivo on mastitic cows. Animals with a positive diagnosis for mastitis (n = 20) were divided into three treatment groups: two groups (n = 8) were administered formulations of propolis, alcoholic extracts of Brewers Gold and Perle hops, plum lichen, common mallow, marigold, absinthe wormwood, black poplar buds, lemon balm, and essential oils of oregano, lavender, and rosemary designated R4 and R7 (differing only in the latter being more concentrated) and one group (n = 4) a conventional antibiotic mixture. In vivo efficacy of treatments was evaluated by somatic cell and standard plate counts, the treatment being considered efficacious when both parameters were under the maximum limit.ResultsR7 was effective in the most cases, being therapeutically bactericidal in six out of eight cows, while R4 gave good results in three out of eight cows, and conventional antibiotics cured one out of four.ConclusionThese results suggest the possible therapeutic potential of these natural products in bovine mastitis.

scholarly journals In Vivo Entombment of Bacteria and Fungi during Calcium Oxalate, Brushite and Struvite Urolithiasis

Kidney360 ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 10.34067/KID.0006942020
Author(s):  
Jessica J. Saw ◽  
Mayandi Sivaguru ◽  
Elena M. Wilson ◽  
Yiran Dong ◽  
Robert A. Sanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Struvite Stones

Background: Human kidney stones form via repeated events of mineral precipitation, partial dissolution and reprecipitation, which are directly analogous to similar processes in other natural and man-made environments where resident microbiomes strongly influence biomineralization. High-resolution microscopy and high-fidelity metagenomic (microscopy-to-omics) analyses, applicable to all forms of biomineralization, have been applied to assemble definitive evidence of in vivo microbiome entombment during urolithiasis. Methods: Stone fragments were collected from a randomly chosen cohort of 20 patients using standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that 18 of these patients were calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formers, while one patient each formed brushite and struvite stones. This apportionment is consistent with global stone mineralogy distributions. Stone fragments from 7 of these 20 patients (5 CaOx, 1 brushite and 1 struvite) were thin sectioned and analyzed using brightfield (BF), polarization (POL), confocal, superresolution autofluorescence (SRAF) and Raman techniques. DNA from remaining fragments, grouped according to each of the 20 patients, were analyzed with amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequences (V1-V3, V3-V5) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1, ITS2) regions. Results: Bulk entombed DNA was sequenced from stone fragments in 11 of the 18 CaOx patients, as well as the brushite and struvite patients. These analyses confirmed the presence of an entombed low-diversity community of bacteria and fungi, including Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Aspergillus niger. Bacterial cells ~1  µm in diameter were also optically observed to be entombed and well-preserved in amorphous hydroxyapatite spherules and fans of needle-like crystals of brushite and struvite. Conclusions: These results indicate a microbiome is entombed during in vivo CaOx stone formation. Similar processes are implied for brushite and struvite stones. This evidence lays the groundwork for future in vitro and in vivo experimentation to determine how the microbiome may actively and/or passively influence kidney stone biomineralization.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND IN VIVO ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF TWO POTENTIAL PROBIOTIC ENTEROCOCCUS SPP. ON ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
KAMNI RAJPUT ◽  
RAMESH CHANDRA DUBEY
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Enterococcus Spp

Objective: In vitro antioxidant activity, in vivo antidiabetic property and intestinal attachment by two potential probiotic bacterial strains, namely, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus hirae were studied using albino rats. Methods: Antioxidant the activity was assessed using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals scavenging assay. Alloxan was administered intraperitoneally to induce diabetic conditions in experimental rats. Animals were treated with oral administration of Enterococcus spp., such as E. faecium, and E. hirae isolated from goat and sheep milk. The control animal group received normal saline for the same days. Glibenclamide drug was used as a positive control against probiotic bacterial cells. Results: However, administration of probiotic bacterial strains E. faecium and E. hirae, in albino rats significantly (p<0.05) at varying doses lowered blood glucose levels in diabetic rats as compared to the diabetic control group. Both the species of Enterococcus increased the bodyweight of experimental rats. However, E. faecium was the best antidiabetic strain having the antioxidant activities also in comparison to E. hirae. The attachment of probiotic bacterial cells E. faecium on the rat’s intestine wall against pathogens was examined. Furthermore, E. faecium showed its aggregation with pathogens by attachment of the intestines of albino rats. This showed that both the bacterial strains exhibited in vivo antidiabetic effect. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that probiotic bacteria possess antioxidant, antidiabetic activities, and attachment of intestine.

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