The disparities in health insurance ownership of hospital-based birth deliveries in eastern Indonesia

Abstract Background Development in Eastern Indonesia tends to be left behind compared to other Indonesian regions, including development in the health sector. The study aimed at analyzing the health insurance ownership disparities in hospital delivery in Eastern Indonesia. Methods The study draws on secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. The study population was women aged 15–49 years who had given birth in the last five years in Eastern Indonesia. The study analyzes a weighted sample size of 2299 respondents. The study employed hospital-based birth delivery as a dependent variable. Apart from health insurance ownership, other variables analyzed as independent variables are province, residence type, age group, marital status, education level, employment status, parity, and wealth status. The final stage analysis used binary logistic regression. Results The results showed that insured women were 1.426 times more likely than uninsured women to undergo hospital delivery (AOR 1.426; 95% CI 1.426–1.427). This analysis indicates that having health insurance is a protective factor for women in Eastern Indonesia for hospital delivery. There is still a disparity between insured and uninsured women in hospital-based birth deliveries in eastern Indonesia. Insured women are nearly one and a half times more likely than uninsured women to give birth in a hospital. Conclusion The study concludes that there are health insurance ownership disparities for hospital delivery in eastern Indonesia. Insured women have a better chance than uninsured women for hospital delivery.

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The determinant of health insurance ownership among pregnant women in Indonesia

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11577-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Agung Dwi Laksono ◽

Ratna Dwi Wulandari ◽

Ratu Matahari

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Employment Status ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Education Level ◽

Determinants Of Health ◽

Wealth Status ◽

Danger Signs ◽

Study Population ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Health insurance ownership is one indicator of the readiness of pregnant women for the delivery process. The study aimed to analyze the determinants of health insurance ownership among pregnant women in Indonesia. Methods The study population was pregnant women in Indonesia. The study involved 2542 pregnant women in Indonesia. The variables analyzed included type of place of residence, age group, education level, employment status, marital status, parity, wealth status, and know the danger signs of pregnancy. In the final step, the study employed binary logistic regression to explain the relationship between health insurance ownership and predictor variables. Results The results show that pregnant women with higher education were 3.349 times more likely than no education pregnant women to have health insurance. Pregnant women with wealth status in the middle category were 0.679 times the poorest pregnant women to have health insurance. Meanwhile, the richest pregnant women had 1.358 times more chances than the poorest pregnant women to have health insurance. Grande multiparous pregnant women were 1.544 times more likely than primiparous pregnant women to have health insurance. Pregnant women who know the danger signs of pregnancy were 1.416 times more likely than pregnant women who don’t see the danger signs of pregnancy to have health insurance. Conclusions The study concluded that four variables, including education level, wealth status, parity, and knowledge of the danger signs of pregnancy, were significant determinants of health insurance ownership in Indonesia.

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Private Health Insurance in Malaysia: Who Is Left Behind?

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/10105395211000913 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101053952110009

Author(s):

Nur Zahirah Balqis-Ali ◽

Jailani Anis-Syakira ◽

Weng Hong Fun ◽

Sondi Sararaks

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Private Health Insurance ◽

Home Ownership ◽

Insurance Coverage ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Health Insurance Coverage ◽

Rural Government ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Current Drinker ◽

Study Population

Despite various efforts introduced, private health insurance coverage is still low in Malaysia. The objective of this article is to find the factors associated with not having a private health insurance in Malaysia. We analyze data involving 19 959 respondents from the 2015 National Health Morbidity Survey. In this article, we describe the prevalence of not having health insurance and conducted binary logistic regression to identify determinants of uninsured status. A total of 56.6% of the study population was uninsured. After adjusting for other variables, the likelihood of being uninsured was higher among those aged 50 years and above, females, Malay/other Bumiputra ethnicities, rural, government/semigovernment, self-employed, unpaid workers and retirees, unemployed, lower education level, without home ownership and single/widowed/divorced, daily smoker, underweight body mass index, and current drinker. The likelihood of being uninsured also increased with increasing household size while the inversed trend was seen for household income. A substantial proportion of population in Malaysia did not have private health insurance, and these subgroups have limited preferential choices for provider, facility, and care.

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Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Ukuran Keluarga di Indonesia

Jurnal Aspirasi ◽

10.46807/aspirasi.v12i1.2066 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Agung Dwi Laksono ◽

Ratna Dwi Wulandari

Keyword(s):

Family Size ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Child Gender ◽

Wealth Status ◽

Family Culture

Some tribes in Indonesia have a big family culture. The study aimed to analyze factors that correlate to family size in Indonesia. The study employed secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia’s Demographic and Health Survey. The samples used were 34,353 childbearing age couples. The variables analyzed included type of residence, wealth, marital, cohabitation duration, complete child gender, contraceptive, age of husband-wife, education of husband-wife, and occupation of husband-wife. Final test by binary logistic regression. The results show that couples in urban areas are less likely to have a family size ≤ 4 than couples who live in rural areas. The better the wealth status, the higher the possibility to have a family size ≤ 4. The longer the cohabitation period, the lower the possibility of having a family size ≤ 4. Couples who already have complete child gender were 0.148 times more likely to have a family size < 4 than couples with incomplete child gender. The contraceptives use has a probability of 0.727 times more than those not using it to have a family size ≤ 4. The husband with primary education was 1.242 times more likely than the husband with no education to have a family size ≤ 4. The study found that a wife’s age correlated to family size. Couples with employed wives were 1.273 times more likely than those not employed to have a family size ≤ 4. The study concluded that eight variables correlated to family size among childbearing age couples in Indonesia: residence, wealth, cohabitation duration, complete child gender, contraceptive use, husband’s education, wife’s age, and wife’s employment. AbstrakBeberapa suku di Indonesia memiliki budaya keluarga besar yang sangat kuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berkorelasi dengan ukuran keluarga di Indonesia. Studi memanfaatkan data sekunder dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2017. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 34.353 pasangan usia subur. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi jenis tempat tinggal, kekayaan, perkawinan, lama kohabitasi, kelengkapan jenis kelamin anak, kontrasepsi, umur suami-istri, pendidikan suami-istri, dan pekerjaan suami-istri. Pengujian akhir dengan regresi logistik biner. Hasilnya menunjukkan pasangan di daerah perkotaan lebih kecil kemungkinannya untuk memiliki ukuran keluarga ≤ 4 dibandingkan pasangan yang tinggal di daerah pedesaan. Semakin baik status kekayaannya maka semakin tinggi kemungkinan memiliki ukuran keluarga ≤ 4. Semakin lama kohabitasi maka semakin kecil kemungkinan memiliki ukuran keluarga ≤ 4. Pasangan yang sudah memiliki jenis kelamin anak lengkap kemungkinannya 0,148 kali dibandingkan dengan yang tidak lengkap untuk memiliki ukuran keluarga ≤ 4. Pemakaian alat kontrasepsi memiliki probabilitas 0,727 kali lipat dibandingkan dengan yang tidak menggunakannya untuk memiliki ukuran keluarga ≤ 4. Suami yang berpendidikan dasar 1,242 kali lebih mungkin untuk memiliki ukuran keluarga ≤ 4 dibanding keluarga dengan suami tidak berpendidikan. Usia istri menjadi faktor penentu ukuran keluarga. Pasangan dengan istri yang bekerja 1,273 kali lebih mungkin dibandingkan mereka yang tidak bekerja untuk memiliki ukuran keluarga ≤ 4. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa delapan variabel merupakan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ukuran keluarga pada pasangan usia subur di Indonesia. Delapan faktor tersebut adalah jenis tempat tinggal, status kekayaan, lama kohabitasi, jenis kelamin anak lengkap, penggunaan kontrasepsi, pendidikan suami, usia istri, dan status pekerjaan istri.

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The Determinant of Health Insurance Ownership Among Pregnant Women in Indonesia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-76612/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Agung Dwi Laksono ◽

Ratna Dwi Wulandari ◽

Ratu Matahari

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Employment Status ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Education Level ◽

Determinants Of Health ◽

Age Group ◽

Wealth Status ◽

Danger Signs

Abstract Background: Health insurance is one indicator of the readiness of pregnant women for the delivery process. The study was aimed at analyzing the determinants of health insurance ownership among pregnant women in Indonesia.Methods: The study involved 2,542 pregnant women in Indonesia. The variables analyzed included type of place of residence, age group, education level, employment status, marital status, parity, wealth status, and know the danger signs of pregnancy. Determination of determinant by binary logistic regression.Results: The results show that pregnant women with higher education were 3.349 times more likely than no education pregnant women to have health insurance. Pregnant women with wealth status in the middle category were 0.679 times more likely than the poorest pregnant women to have health insurance. Meanwhile, the richest pregnant women had 1.358 times more chances than the poorest pregnant women to have health insurance. Grande multiparous pregnant women were 1.544 times more likely than primiparous pregnant women to have health insurance. Pregnant women who know the danger signs of pregnancy were 1.416 times more likely than pregnant women who don't know the danger signs of pregnancy. Conclusions: It concluded that 4 variables were proven as determinants of health insurance ownership in Indonesia. The four variables were education level, wealth status, parity, and know the danger signs of pregnancy.

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Raised TSH is associated with endothelial dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome: A case control study

Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1515/rjim-2017-0023 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 212-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ashok Kumar Ahirwar ◽

Archana Singh ◽

Anju Jain ◽

Surajeet Kumar Patra ◽

Binita Goswami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Study Population ◽

Serum Tsh

AbstractIntroduction. Endothelial dysfunction has been considered as one of the important factors in pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome (Met S). Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has also been reported to be associated with Met S. The aim of our study is to evaluate the association of raised TSH with mediators of endothelial dysfunction in Met S with Subclinical hypothyroidism as compared to healthy controls.Methods. Study population consisted of 100 subjects, out of which 50 were cases of Met S and 50 were healthy controls. Met S group were further divided into two, based on the presence & absence of SCH. Serum insulin, T3, T4, TSH were measured by chemiluminescence based immunoassay (CLIA). Serum nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured by Modified Griess’s method and serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels were measured by ELISA.Results. Out of 50 cases of Met S, SCH was diagnosed in 22. The mean serum TSH levels were significantly higher in Met S cases as compared to healthy controls (5.7 ± 1.2 μIU/mL vs. 2.3 ± 1.6 μIU/mL, P <0.0001). Mean serum NO levels were significantly lower in Met S cases as compared to healthy control (15.4 ± 10 μM vs. 21 ± 10 μM, p = 0.009). Mean serum ET-1 levels were significantly higher in Met S cases as compared to healthy controls (2.68 ± 1.7 fmol/mL vs. 2.1 ± 0.84 fmol/mL, p = 0.011). On Pearson’s correlation analysis, TSH showed positive correlation with ET-1 (r = 0.341, p = 0.001) and negative correlation with NO (r = −0.331, p = 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that TSH, NO and ET-1 has significant odd’s ratio for predicting Met S.Conclusion. Met S cases were screened for thyroid abnormalities and found to have 44% of SCH along with co-existing endothelial dysfunction. Raised TSH in SCH could cause endothelial dysfunction which may lead to Met S and associated co-morbidities. Present study gives new insight in linking endothelial dysfunction and raised TSH in Met S. Therefore, Met S cases should be screened for SCH and treated appropriately to attenuate endothelial dysfunction and associated comorbidities in Met S.

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Overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Mali: what are the determinants?

International Health ◽

10.1093/inthealth/ihaa094 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽

Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽

Ebenezer Agbaglo ◽

Albert Apotele Nyaaba

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Wealth Status ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Region Of Residence ◽

Public Health Promotion

Abstract Background Existing evidence suggests that there has been a surge of overweight and obesity in low- and middle-income countries around the world. In this study we investigated the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among women in Mali. Methods We conducted the study among 5198 women using the 2018 Mali Demographic and Health Survey data. We used binary logistic regression for the analysis and pegged statistical significance at p<0.05. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 26.9%. The likelihood of overweight and obesity was high among women 40–44 y of age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.94 [confidence interval {CI} 4.10 to 8.60]), those who were widowed/divorced/separated (AOR 1.59 [CI 1.04 to 2.43]), those with secondary education (AOR 1.41 [CI 1.13 to 1.75]), richest women (AOR 3.61 [CI 2.63 to 4.95]), those who watched television at least once a week (AOR 1.28 [CI 1.07 to 1.52]) and those who lived in the Kidal region (AOR 10.71 [CI 7.05 to 16.25]). Conversely, the likelihood of overweight and obesity was low among women who belonged to other religions compared with Muslims (AOR 0.63 [CI 0.43 to 0.92]). Conclusions This study found a predominance of overweight and obesity among women in Mali. The study showed that age, marital status, education, religion, region of residence, wealth status and frequency of watching television are associated with overweight and obesity among women in Mali. It is therefore critical for public health promotion programs in Mali to sensitize people to the negative effects associated with overweight and obesity. This implies that policies aimed at controlling overweight and obesity in Mali must take these factors into consideration.

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Adjacent digit fingerprint white line count differences: a pointer to sexual dimorphism for forensic application

Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences ◽

10.1186/s41935-019-0169-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Magaji Garba Taura ◽

Lawan Hassan Adamu ◽

Abdullahi Yusuf Asuku ◽

Kabiru Bilkisu Umar ◽

Musa Abubakar

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Forensic Application ◽

White Line ◽

Study Population ◽

Right And Left Hands

Abstract Background Sex determination is one of the leading criterion in identification and verification of an individual. However, the potential roles of differences in adjacent fingerprint white line count (FWLC) in sex inference are not well elucidated in the literature especially among Hausa population. The study was conducted to determine sexual dimorphism and predict sex using adjacent digit FWLC difference (adj. DFWLCD) among Hausa population of Kano state, Nigeria. Methods The study population involved 300 participants. FWLC was determined from a plain fingerprint captured using live scanner. The formula for adj. DFWLCD of thumb and fifth digit is dR15 for right hand. The same applied for possible combination in cephalocaudal direction. Mann-Whitney and t tests were used for comparison of variables between sexes. Binary logistic regression analyses were employed for determination of sex. Results We observed a significantly larger adj. DFWLCD in males compared with females in most of the digit combination. A significant sexual dimorphism was observed in most of the adj. DFWLCD involving ring digit in both right (dR14, dR24, and dR34) and left (dL14, dL24, and dL34). The best discrimination was observed in adjacent FWLC difference of second and fourth digits in both right and left digits (dR24 and dL24). This was further supported by stepwise logistic regression analyses. Conclusion The adj. DFWLCD exhibits sexual dimorphism. The best prediction potentials were found to be dR24 and dL24 for right and left hands respectively.

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Utilization of key preventive measures for pregnancy complications and malaria among women in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-7727-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mariame Ouedraogo ◽

Jaameeta Kurji ◽

Lakew Abebe ◽

Ronald Labonté ◽

Sudhakar Morankar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Malaria Infection ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Health Sector ◽

Maternal Health Services ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Wealth Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Jimma Zone

Abstract Background In Ethiopia, malaria infections and other complications during pregnancy contribute to the high burden of maternal morbidity and mortality. Preventive measures are available, however little is known about the factors influencing the uptake of maternal health services and interventions by pregnant women in Ethiopia. Methods We analyzed data from a community-based cross-sectional survey conducted in 2016 in three rural districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia, with 3784 women who had a pregnancy outcome in the year preceding the survey. We used multivariable logistic regression models accounting for clustering to identify the determinants of antenatal care (ANC) attendance and insecticide-treated net (ITN) ownership and use, and the prevalence and predictors of malaria infection among pregnant women. Results Eighty-four percent of interviewed women reported receiving at least one ANC visit during their last pregnancy, while 47% reported attending four or more ANC visits. Common reasons for not attending ANC included women’s lack of awareness of its importance (48%), distance to health facility (23%) and unavailability of transportation (14%). Important determinants of ANC attendance included higher education level and wealth status, woman’s ability to make healthcare decisions, and pregnancy intendedness. An estimated 48% of women reported owning an ITN during their last pregnancy. Of these, 55% reported to have always slept under it during their last pregnancy. Analysis revealed that the odds of owning and using ITNs were respectively 2.07 (95% CI: 1.62–2.63) and 1.73 (95% CI: 1.32–2.27) times higher among women who attended at least one ANC visit. The self-reported prevalence of malaria infection during pregnancy was low (1.4%) across the three districts. We found that young, uneducated, and unemployed women presented higher odds of malaria infection during their last pregnancy. Conclusion ANC and ITN uptake during pregnancy in Jimma Zone fall below the respective targets of 95 and 90% set in the Ethiopian Health Sector Transformation Plan for 2020, suggesting that more intensive programmatic efforts still need to be directed towards improving access to these health services. Reaching ANC non-users and ITN ownership and use as part of ANC services could be emphasized to address these gaps.

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Are Ghanaian women meeting the WHO recommended maternal healthcare (MCH) utilisation? Evidence from a national survey

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03643-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽

Kwamena Sekyi Dickson ◽

Kenneth Setorwu Adde

Keyword(s):

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Skilled Birth Attendant ◽

World Health Organisation ◽

Skilled Birth Attendance ◽

World Health ◽

Maternal Healthcare ◽

Wealth Status ◽

Maternal Characteristics ◽

Birth Attendance ◽

Three Components

Abstract Background To achieve the Sustainable Development Goal target 3.1, the World Health Organisation recommends that all pregnant women receive antenatal care (ANC) from skilled providers, utilise the services of a skilled birth attendant at birth and receive their first postnatal care (PNC) within the first 24 h after birth. In this paper, we examined the maternal characteristics that determine utilisation of skilled ANC, skilled birth attendance (SBA), and PNC within the first 24 h after delivery in Ghana. Methods We used data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Women aged 15-49 with birth history not exceeding five before the survey were included in the study. A total of 2839 women were included. Binary logistic regression was employed at a 95% level of significance to determine the association between maternal factors and maternal healthcare (MCH) utilisation. Bivariate and multivariate regression was subsequently used to assess the drivers. Results High proportion of women had ANC (93.2%) with skilled providers compared to the proportion that had SBA (76.9%) and PNC within the first 24 h after delivery (25.8%). Only 21.2% utilised all three components of MCH. Women who were covered by national health insurance scheme (NHIS) had a higher likelihood (AOR = 1.31, CI = 1.04 – 1.64) of utilising all three components of MCH as compared to those who were not covered by NHIS. Women with poorer wealth status (AOR = 0.72, CI = 0.53 – 0.97) and those living with partners (AOR = 0.65, CI = 0.49 – 0.86) were less likely to utilise all three MCH components compared to women with poorest wealth status and the married respectively. Conclusion The realisation that poorer women, those unsubscribed to NHIS and women living with partners have a lower likelihood of utilising the WHO recommended MCH strongly suggest that it is crucial for the Ministry of Health and the Ghana Health Service to take pragmatic steps to increase education about the importance of having ANC with a skilled provider, SBA, and benefits of having the first 24 h recommended PNC.

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ANALISIS DETERMINAN KESEJAHTERAAN ANAK DI INDONESIA

Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan ◽

10.24036/jkep.v1i2.6283 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 589

Author(s):

Rilla Mariska ◽

Dewi Zaini Putri

Keyword(s):

Child Welfare ◽

Income Distribution ◽

Health Sector ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Least Square ◽

Literacy Rate ◽

Income Per Capita ◽

Library Studies ◽

Per Capita ◽

Female Literacy

This study aims to find out determine of child welfare in Indonesia by using Composite Children Welfare Index. The data used are secondary data in the form of cross section in 2015, with documentation data collection techniques and library studies obtained from relevant institutions and agencies. The variables used are Child Welfare, Income per capita, Income Distribution, Female Literacy Rate, Goverment Expenditure in education and health sector. The research methods used are: (1) Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Analysis, (2) Classical Assumption Test. The results of the study show that (1) Income per capita is positive and not significant on the child welfare in Indonesia. (2) Income distribustion is positive and significant on the child welfare in Indonesia. (3) Female Literacy Rate is positive and significant on the child welfare in Indonesia. (4) Goverment expenditure in education sector is negative and not significant on the child welfare in Indonesia(5) Goverment expenditure in health sector is negative and not significant on the child welfare in Indonesia(5) Income per capita, distribution income, female literacy rate, and goverment expenditure in eduacation and health statistically significant on the child welfare. So, only income distribution and female rate literacy is significant on the child welfare.

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