scholarly journals Global impact of COVID-19 pandemic on road traffic collisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin J. Yasin ◽  
Michal Grivna ◽  
Fikri M. Abu-Zidan
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
English Language ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Abuse ◽  
Google Search

Abstract Background Various strategies to reduce the spread of COVID-19 including lockdown and stay-at-home order are expected to reduce road traffic characteristics and consequently road traffic collisions (RTCs). We aimed to review the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence, patterns, and severity of the injury, management, and outcomes of RTCs and give recommendations on improving road safety during this pandemic. Methods We conducted a narrative review on the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on RTCs published in English language using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar with no date restriction. Google search engine and websites were also used to retrieve relevant published literature, including discussion papers, reports, and media news. Papers were critically read and data were summarized and combined. Results Traffic volume dropped sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic which was associated with significant drop in RTCs globally and a reduction of road deaths in 32 out of 36 countries in April 2020 compared with April 2019, with a decrease of 50% or more in 12 countries, 25 to 49% in 14 countries, and by less than 25% in six countries. Similarly, there was a decrease in annual road death in 33 out of 42 countries in 2020 compared with 2019, with a reduction of 25% or more in 5 countries, 15–24% in 13 countries, and by less than 15% in 15 countries. In contrast, the opposite occurred in four and nine countries during the periods, respectively. There was also a drop in the number of admitted patients in trauma centers related to RTCs during both periods. This has been attributed to an increase in speeding, emptier traffic lanes, reduced law enforcement, not wearing seat belts, and alcohol and drug abuse. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has generally reduced the overall absolute numbers of RTCs, and their deaths and injuries despite the relative increase of severity of injury and death. The most important factors that affected the RTCs are decreased mobility with empty lines, reduced crowding, and increased speeding. Our findings serve as a baseline for injury prevention in the current and future pandemics.

Features of administrative responsibility for road safety violations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Hlushkova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The State ◽  
General Level ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Administrative Responsibility

Problem setting. At present, road traffic is one of the main elements of modern states. Using different types of vehicles, people have the opportunity to move faster, do freight, thereby facilitating their work in all areas of activity. This contributes to the development of economic activity, social activity and road infrastructure, but at the same time there are a number of negative consequences associated with traffic injuries, economic and social damage caused by road accidents. Today, about 7,000 people die in road accidents each year and nearly 4,000 are injured; every 12 minutes there is a car accident; almost every 1.5 hours a person dies. In Ukraine, the statistics of road accidents for the period from 01.01.2021 to 31.05.2021 amounted to 70774 – 22.2%. It is possible to reduce these indicators under the condition of introduction of the state program of the correct design of roads, and also increase of administrative responsibility for violation of traffic rules. And what do we see when we look at the statistics of the last five years? And the fact that accident statistics are really scary, and is constantly growing. Law enforcement officers are constantly publishing regular collections of data on road accidents in the country. The tables are full of red numbers, the color of which indicates the deterioration of basic safety indicators. Target of research is a comprehensive scientific study of administrative liability for violations of traffic legislation, its features, as well as improvement by amending legal acts will positively affect the development of transport – road complex of Ukraine and contribute to strengthening road safety as a component of national security. The main purpose of the study is to lay the groundwork for administrative liability for road safety offenses on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of scientific sources, generalization of legal material and law enforcement practice. The object of this work is public relations, which are formed in the process of ensuring administrative liability for violations of legislation in the field of road safety in modern conditions. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Issues of road safety in different volumes are reflected in studies conducted by: O. Bandurka, T. George, D. Medvedev, Yu. Piroshkova and others. At the general level, the concept of “road safety” as a component of public safety was studied by A. Basov, В. Glushkov, M. Inshin, O. Copan and others. These scientists analyzed the problem of improving the administrative and legal responsibility of road safety and proposed to improve measures that will ensure the safety of all road users. However, the relevance of this topic is due to the constant updating of Ukrainian legislation, based on the provisions of which is the rule-making regulation of this area of public relations. Article`s main body. The article defines the features of administrative responsibility for violation of road safety. The author considers changes in the legislation regulating administrative responsibility in the field of road safety. The analysis of the number of road traffic accidents (RTA) and their consequences over the past five years was also carried out. The study of this problem is relevant, since the analysis of static data on the number of road accidents indicates a low level of traffic safety and a high accident rate on highways. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Based on the above, we can conclude that the current legislation in the field of administrative liability for violations of road safety is quite extensive and provides for various types of administrative penalties aimed at saving lives and reducing socially dangerous accidents. Also, the legislative definition of the term “traffic” is not provided either in the Code of Administrative Offenses or in the Law of Ukraine “On Road Traffic”. I propose to define and legislate the concept of “road safety” as a set of factors and mechanisms that regulate legal relations, establish responsibility, describe the typical mechanisms and rules of conduct of all road users in the state.

scholarly journals Media coverage and framing of road traffic safety in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e004499
Author(s):  
Medhavi Gupta ◽  
Inayat Singh Kakar ◽  
Margaret Peden ◽  
Elena Altieri ◽  
Jagnoor Jagnoor
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
English Language ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Road Traffic Safety

BackgroundMedia coverage of road traffic collisions (RTCs) may influence preventative action. India experiences some of the highest RTC mortality and morbidity rates globally, but advocacy and effective action to mitigate this has been limited. We conducted an analysis of Indian media in English to assess whether coverage met the WHO’s Reporting on Road Safety guidelines for evidence-based reporting of RTCs.MethodsEnglish-language articles published online between March 2018 and February 2019 were assessed against the seven recommended story angles and seven recommended key elements in the WHO guidelines.Results458 articles were included in the analysis. The most common story angle was descriptions of single collisions, which was not a WHO-recommended story angle. These included limited key elements such as use of human story or linking to road safety risks or evidence-based solutions. However, some articles did follow the WHO-recommended story angles, with 22.1% discussing specific road safety solutions and a further 6.3% discussing vulnerable groups. Almost all articles avoided the use of technical language, but only 2.0% explicitly stated that RTCs were preventable. More than half identified at least one evidence-based solution. Very few articles discussed economic or health impacts of RTCs, including the burden they present to the public health system.ConclusionIndian media in English can improve reporting by focusing on human stories and documenting experiences of those injured in RTCs. Coverage should also focus more on evidence-based solutions, emphasising the systems approach which encourages government action rather than changes to individual behaviour.

scholarly journals On the conflict of law in legislative provisions pertaining to the admission of citizens to operating the vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fazil Nazim ogly Zeinalov ◽  
Irina Sergeevna Mikhaleva
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
The Right

The object of this research is the system of public legal relations in the sphere of ensuring road safety. The subject of this research is the legal norms that regulate the admission of citizens to operating the vehicles. The goal consists in analyzing the normative legal framework that regulate learner-driving, administration of driving tests for the right to operate a vehicle, as well as legal status of road users during the driving test. Research methodology is based on the fundamental provisions of the theory of law; generalization of practical experience; application of logical, monographic, and systemic analysis. The acquired results can be used in legislative activity of government bodies, law enforcement practice, educational process, scientific research on ensuring road safety, improvement of the branches of the Russian legal system. The novelty of this article is defined by practical and scientific significance of the problems of law enforcement agencies in the sphere of road safety, as well as the need for improving the legal framework that regulate the authority of police departments of the Russian Federation . The authors propose to discern between learner-driving and driving tests in the conditions of road traffic in the federal legislation and bylaws; establish the legal status of the exam administrator and the procedure of administering driving test; as well as specify responsibility of the indicated parties. Recommendations are made for improving the algorithm of administering driving test, and consolidation of definitions “driver candidate”, “driving test”, “exam administrator”.

scholarly journals Extracting Road Traffic Volume in the City before and during covid-19 through Video Remote Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2329
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Macioszek ◽  
Agata Kurek
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Annual Average Daily Traffic ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Continuous, automatic measurements of road traffic volume allow the obtaining of information on daily, weekly or seasonal fluctuations in road traffic volume. They are the basis for calculating the annual average daily traffic volume, obtaining information about the relevant traffic volume, or calculating indicators for converting traffic volume from short-term measurements to average daily traffic volume. The covid-19 pandemic has contributed to extensive social and economic anomalies worldwide. In addition to the health consequences, the impact on travel behavior on the transport network was also sudden, extensive, and unpredictable. Changes in the transport behavior resulted in different values of traffic volume on the road and street network than before. The article presents road traffic volume analysis in the city before and during the restrictions related to covid-19. Selected traffic characteristics were compared for 2019 and 2020. This analysis made it possible to characterize the daily, weekly and annual variability of traffic volume in 2019 and 2020. Moreover, the article attempts to estimate daily traffic patterns at particular stages of the pandemic. These types of patterns were also constructed for the weeks in 2019 corresponding to these stages of the pandemic. Daily traffic volume distributions in 2020 were compared with the corresponding ones in 2019. The obtained results may be useful in terms of planning operational and strategic activities in the field of traffic management in the city and management in subsequent stages of a pandemic or subsequent pandemics.

Profiling Darkweb Child Sexual Exploitation Material Forum Members Using Longitudinal Posting History Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 089443932199489
Author(s):  
Madeleine van der Bruggen ◽  
Arjan Blokland
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
English Language ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Communication Patterns ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
History Data ◽  
Trajectory Modeling ◽  
Child Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Observation Period

Darkweb fora dedicated to the illegal exchange of child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) continue to thrive. Profiling forum members based on their communication patterns will increase our insights in the dynamics of online CSEM and may aid law enforcement to identify those members who are most influential and pose the highest risk. The current study uses data from a large English language Darkweb CSEM forum that was active between 2010 and 2014, containing over 400,000 posts. Posts were time stamped, categorized based on subforum topic, and linked to individual forum members by nickname. Group-based trajectory modeling was subsequently applied to derive forum member profiles based on members’ posting history. Analyses show that over the course of the observation period, overall activity levels—in terms of total number of posting members and the average number of posts per month per member—fluctuate substantially and that multiple developmental pathways—in terms of monthly patterns in the frequency of posts by individual members—can be distinguished. Theoretical and practical ramifications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Drink, but don't drive? The alcohol industry’s involvement in global road safety

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie Hoe ◽  
Niloufer Taber ◽  
Sarah Champagne ◽  
Abdulgafoor M Bachani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
Mapping Review ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Drink-driving is a major cause of global road traffic fatalities, yet few countries have laws that meet international best practices. One possible reason is the alcohol industry’s opposition to meaningful policies that are perceived to directly threaten sales. Our primary objectives are to document alcohol industry involvement in global road safety policies and programmes and to critically evaluate the responses of public health and road safety communities to this involvement. Under the guidance of the Policy Dystopia Model, we used a mixed methods approach in which data were gathered from expert interviews and a mapping review of 11 databases, 5 watchdog websites and 7 alcohol industry-sponsored initiatives. Triangulation was used to identify points of convergence among data sources. A total of 20 expert interviews and 94 documents were analysed. Our study showed that the alcohol industry acknowledges that drink-driving is an issue but argues for solutions that would limit impact on sales, akin to the message ‘drink—but do not drive’. Industry actors have been involved in road safety through: (1) coalition coupling and decoupling, (2) information production and management, (3) direct involvement in policymaking and (4) implementation of interventions. Our study also shed light on the lack of cohesion within and among the public health and road safety communities, particularly with regard to the topics of receiving funding from and partnering with the alcohol industry. These results were subsequently used to adapt the Policy Dystopia Model as a conceptual framework that illustrates the ways in which the alcohol industry has been involved in global road safety. Several implications can be drawn from this study, including the urgent need to increase awareness about the involvement of the alcohol industry in road safety and to build a cohesive transnational alcohol control advocacy alliance to curb injuries and deaths related to drink-driving.

Road Safety in Developing Countries - The Case of Transportation Management in Dar Es Salaam City

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 1806-1814
Author(s):  
Philemon Kazimil Mzee ◽  
Yan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Transportation Management ◽  
Transport Services

Countries of the developing world are characterized by rapid urbanization, high growth rates in traffic and congestion and decreasing regulation of public transport. Because the majority of the developing world's inhabitants are dependent on public transport services for their mobility needs, the need for safe, effective and efficient public transport is essential to ensure adequate, affordable, accessibility and the continuing sustainable development of livelihoods in the rural and urban. Finally, recommendations are made to reduce both the severity and number of public transport accidents in the future. This paper highlights the historical road safety and the transportation management in Dar es Salaam. In the field of road traffic control and management, the primary policy objective is to develop appropriate institutional and organizational arrangement towards further efficient road use.

REGULATORY AND LEGAL FUNCTIONING OF POWERS OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ACTIVITIES OF ROAD PATROL AND PATROL POST SERVICES OF POLICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Ф.Н. Зейналов
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Federal Legislation ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Legislative Activities

В статье автором рассматривается нормативное правовое закрепление порядка осуществления общеполицейских функций сотрудниками Госавтоинспекции, патрульно-постовой службы полиции в том числе и в сфере обеспечения безопасности дорожного движения. Приводятся статистические сведения, подчеркивающие актуальность имеющейся проблемы разграничения полномочий указанных служб федеральным законодательством, подзаконными актами и ведомственными приказами МВД. Авто- ром проведен анализ судебной практики по исследуемой проблеме, высказаны предложения по внесению изменений в федераль- ное законодательство. Положения работы могут быть использованы в законодательной деятельности государственных органов, правоприменительной деятельности правоохранительных органов, образовательном процессе образовательных организаций, на- учных исследованиях специалистов по проблемам обеспечения безопасности дорожного движения, совершенствования отраслей российской правовой системы. Новизна работы определяется практической и научной значимостью проблем правоприменительной деятельности правоохранительных органов в сфере обеспечения безопасности дорожного движения, а также необходимостью со- вершенствования правовых основ, регламентирующих полномочия подразделений и служб полиции России. In the article, the author considers the normative legal consolidation of the procedure for the implementation of general police functions by employees of the State Traffic Inspectorate, patrol and post service of the police, including in the field of road safety. The article provides statistical data that emphasize the relevance of the existing problem of delineating the powers of these services by federal legislation, by-laws and departmental orders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The author analyzes the judicial practice on the problem under study, and makes suggestions for amendments to the federal legislation. The provisions of the work can be used in the legislative activities of state bodies, law enforcement activities of law enforcement agencies, the educational process of educational organizations, scientific research of specialists on the problems of ensuring road safety, improving the branches of the Russian legal system. The novelty of the work is determined by the practical and scientific significance of the problems of law enforcement activities of law enforcement agencies in the field of road safety,as well as the need to improve the legal framework governing the powers of police units and services in Russia.

Status of Road Safety in the Region of the Americas

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Child Restraint

In the three years since the last road safety report was issued, the number of road traffic deaths has continued to increase throughout the Americas, reaching 154,997 deaths in 2016 (latest year of available data). However, the death rate from road traffic crashes has remained stable (15.6 per 100,000 population in 2016 as compared to 15.9 per 100,000 population in 2013). Data presented in this report show that aspects of road safety management, legislation, and post-crash care have improved in some countries. However, the improvements have been modest and it is clear that the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.6, to halve road traffic deaths by 2020, will not be achieved... Since 2014, more countries in the Region have implemented road safety legislation. Two additional countries, the Dominican Republic and Uruguay, established laws on drink-driving based on best practice, bringing the total to eight countries. Ecuador implemented legislation on helmet use (resulting in a total of seven countries), Dominican Republic implemented legislation on seat-belts (19 countries in total), while Chile implemented child restraint laws (two countries in total). However, no new speed laws have been enacted in the Region. Overall, four countries (Chile, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, and Uruguay) have amended their laws regarding one or more road safety risk factors to bring them in line with best practice. Despite these legislative developments, enforcement remains a major challenge in most countries...

METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL TIME OF SIMULATOR TRAINING OF CANDIDATES FOR DRIVERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
E.V. AGEEV ◽  
◽  
A.N. NOVIKOV ◽  
E.S. VINOGRADOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
Personal Qualities

This article analyzes the actions of drivers and their impact on the occurrence of emergency road traffic situations. The model of the stages of professional training of candidates for drivers is presented, the method of determining the optimal time of simulator training is considered, the qualitative assessment of the level of driver training is determined, taking into account the ranking of the main parameters that affect road safety. The optimal time of training in the training center is established, taking into account the personal qualities of candidates for drivers.

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