scholarly journals An Approved Landing Site (ALS) improves the logistics of interhospital transfer of critically ill patients by helicopter

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert-Jan van Geffen ◽  
Ed J. Spoelder ◽  
Amanda Tijben ◽  
Cornelis Slagt
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Transportation Of Patients ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Interhospital Transfer ◽  
Interhospital Transport ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Hospital Resources

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic limited hospital resources and necessitated interhospital transport of ICU-patients in order to provide critical care to all patients in the Netherlands. However, not all hospitals have an approved landing site. The ICU-transport operation was executed under HEMS-license and landing on non-aerodrome terrain was permitted. This allowed the search for an ad-hoc landing site in the direct vicinity of the ICU. The following characteristics were judged: slope, obstacles, size, soil conditions and the presence of foreign objects.Before the start of this transport operation, in two days, all hospitals in the Netherlands were visited and presumed landing sites explored, described, photographed and recorded in the electronic flight bag. At 71 (87,6 %) of the hospitals it was possible to install a temporary approved landing site in the direct vicinity of the ICU. 110 landings were made on these landing sites and 114 landings on approved heliports. Only 11 patients required secondary transport to or from the helicopter landings site. This occurred only in two patients from a heliport to a receiving hospital.The construction of pre-explored approved landing sites in the vicinity of hospitals allows safe transportation of patients by helicopter to hospitals without a heliport.

Excess Morbidity Associated With Interhospital Transport

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Kanter ◽  
Nancy M. Boeing ◽  
William P. Hannan ◽  
Deborah L. Kanter
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interhospital Transfer ◽  
Excess Morbidity ◽  
Interhospital Transport ◽  
And Control

A prospective study was performed to determine whether excess morbidity occurred in critically ill and injured pediatric patients during interhospital transport compared with morbidity in a control group. Control observations were made during the first 2 hours of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) care of patients emergently admitted from within the same institution and not requiring interhospital transport. The first 2 PICU hours of control patients corresponded to the interval of transport in those who required interhospital transfer. Transport care was provided by nonspecialized teams from referring hospitals. Morbidity occurred in 20.9% of 177 transported patients, exceeding the morbidity rate of 11.3% in 195 control patients (P < .05). The difference in morbidity was due to intensive care-related adverse events (eg, plugged or dislodged endotracheal tubes, loss of intravenous access) in 15.3% and 3.6% of transported and control patients, respectively (P < .05). Physiologic deterioration occurred at similar rates of 7.9% and 8.7% in transported and control patients, respectively (P > .05). Slightly greater pre-ICU severity of illness in transported than control patients (median Pediatric Risk of Mortality Score = 10 and 7, respectively, P < .05) and greater pre-ICU therapy relative to severity (P < .05) in control patients are potential confounding sources of the morbidity differences. If patients are stratified into subgroups of similar pre-ICU severity, an excess of intensive care-related adverse events in transported patients remains evident in the severe subgroup (P < .05). Further investigation is warranted to determine whether specialized transport teams can reduce the excess morbidity associated with interhospital transport of critically ill and injured pediatric patients.

scholarly journals From Controlling to Constructive: Youth Unemployment Policy in Australia and The Netherlands

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANS MEIJERS ◽  
KITTY TE RIELE
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Labour Market Policy ◽  
Constructive Approach ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Policy

Youth unemployment is an issue that has increasingly troubled western countries since the 1970s. This paper provides data on youth unemployment in Australia and the Netherlands, and discusses government policy in both countries. The rate of youth unemployment was similar in both countries in the mid 1980s, but since then it has declined dramatically in the Netherlands, while changing little in Australia. Youth unemployment policy in Australia has been driven by the concept of obligation, while in the Netherlands youth unemployment policy has been organised around the principle of a guarantee for youth. The Dutch labour market programme offers more continuity and coherence than the rather ad hoc Australian programmes. However, the paper argues that youth labour market policy in both countries is of a controlling nature, and does not serve marginalised youth. Moreover, policy in neither country meets OECD criteria for effective labour market programs. The paper concludes with the description of a Dutch program which, to a large extent, does meet the OECD criteria, and demonstrates that a more constructive approach to youth unemployment is possible.

scholarly journals Landing sites and diel activity in Culicoides midges attacking Fjord horses in the Netherlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. S20-S21
Author(s):  
A.R.W. Elbers ◽  
S-J van den Heuvel ◽  
R. Meiswinkel
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Landing Sites

scholarly journals The COVID-specific Measures in the Netherlands – Do They Fit into the General Picture?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Nicola Gundt
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Employee Protection

This article discusses the nature of the Dutch COVID relief measures for employers concerning wage costs. The question is raised whether the ad-hoc decrees fit into the general picture of Dutch labour law and respects the two key principles (1) safeguarding employees’ income and (2) requesting employee flexibility with regard to the work in case the exact job does not exist any more or is under serious threat. The contribution finds that the emergency legislation does respect these two main principles, while judges refuse substantial modifications of wages and / or working hours on the basis of reasonableness, also upholding the key principles of employee protection.

scholarly journals Lightweight Detection Method of Obfuscated Landing Sites Based on the AST Structure and Tokens

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6116
Author(s):  
KyungHyun Han ◽  
Seong Oun Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Inverse Document Frequency ◽  
Abstract Syntax Tree ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Document Frequency ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Landing Sites

Attackers use a variety of techniques to insert redirection JavaScript that leads a user to a malicious webpage, where a drive-by-download attack is executed. In particular, the redirection JavaScript in the landing site is obfuscated to avoid detection systems. In this paper, we propose a lightweight detection system based on static analysis to classify the obfuscation type and to promptly detect the obfuscated redirection JavaScript. The proposed model detects the obfuscated redirection JavaScript by converting the JavaScript into an abstract syntax tree (AST). Then, the structure and token information are extracted. Specifically, we propose a lightweight AST to identify the obfuscation type and the revised term frequency-inverse document frequency to efficiently detect the malicious redirection JavaScript. This approach enables rapid identification of the obfuscated redirection JavaScript and proactive blocking of the webpages that are used in drive-by-download attacks.

Luna-28 mission for polar samples return, as the key element of the initial stage of Russian Lunar Program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Mitrofanov ◽  
Lev Zelenyi ◽  
Vladislav Tretyakov
Keyword(s):  
Landing Site ◽  
Molecular Complexes ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
The Future ◽  
Robotic Missions

<p>The most interesting sites for future lunar outposts are thought to be located closely to poles, and South one is found to be more preferable.  But before humans could land there, the sequence of robotic missions should be implemented to study the natural environment at the selected sites, to deliver some supporting systems for ensuring conditions of habitability and also to test the innovated technology for Earth-Moon-Earth round trip.</p><p>Therefore, the Russian Lunar Program will be ignited by four robotic missions, which Russian Academy of Science has selected for the initial stage of this Program. Their names Luna-25 -28 were selected taking into account the name of the last Soviet lander Luna-24 of 1976. The objectives of these missions are critically important for accomplishment of the future polar expeditions of humans. The missions will conduct orbital mapping of polar regions with fine spatial resolution, measurements of radiation environment at the selected landing sites, testing of water and space volatiles in the polar regolith, and, in particular – testing presence of complex molecules and pre-biotic molecular complexes, the lunar dust and exosphere, etc. Mobile elements of landing missions will investigate local areas around the landing sites to determine the best spots for the future habitation modules of human missions. In addition, the researches for the basic science will also be accomplished by these missions, such as the experiments for lunar-based astronomy at long wavelengths and at gamma-rays, the experiments for lunar seismology, for monitoring of interplanetary plasma and solar wind, etc.</p><p>The talk presents in details the concept of the key mission of the first stage of the Lunar Program, the Luna-28 mission for lunar polar sample return. The mission concept is based on the several basic requirements. The mission should have the return module for direct flight from Moon to Earth. The module should be able to deliver to the Earth a set of samples of polar regolith with the total mass of about 2 kilograms. They should be quarried from different depths of the shallow subsurface from several cm down to 1 meter. Samples should be delivered to the Earth with all volatiles, including water, in the frozen state. Small moonrover “Lunokhod” with mass below 100 kg should be delivered to the Moon by the lander. Before the launch of the return module, the rover could deliver remotely selected stones for return at the nearest vicinity of the lander, after the launch, the rover should conduct scientific studies of the area around the landing site.</p><p>The mission of Luna-28 will also be supported by the ground segment for proper curation of delivered samples and for their studies in the leading domestic and international research centers. The complex molecules and organic molecular complexes will be the main objects for these studies.   </p>

Coins falling in water

2014 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Heisinger ◽  
Paul Newton ◽  
Eva Kanso
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Probability Density Functions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Density Functions ◽  
Ring Configuration ◽  
Chaotic Mode ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Steady Mode

AbstractWhen a coin falls in water, its trajectory is one of four types, determined by its dimensionless moment of inertia $I^\ast $ and Reynolds number $\text {Re}$: (A) steady; (B) fluttering; (C) chaotic; or (D) tumbling. The dynamics induced by the interaction of the water with the surface of the coin, however, makes the exact landing site difficult to predict a priori. Here, we describe a carefully designed experiment in which a coin is dropped repeatedly in water to determine the probability density functions (p.d.f.s) associated with the landing positions for each of the four trajectory types, all of which are radially symmetric about the centre drop-line. In the case of the steady mode, the p.d.f. is approximately Gaussian distributed with small variances, indicating that the coin is most likely to land at the centre, right below the point from which it is dropped. For the other falling modes, the centre is one of the least likely landing sites. Indeed, the p.d.f.s of the fluttering, chaotic and tumbling modes are characterized by a ‘dip’ around the centre. In the tumbling mode, the p.d.f. is a ring configuration about the centreline whereas in the chaotic mode, the p.d.f. is generally a broadband distribution spread out radially symmetrically about the centreline. For the steady and fluttering modes, the coin never flips, so the coin lands with the same side up as when it was dropped. The probability of heads or tails is close to 0.5 for the chaotic mode and, in the case of the tumbling mode, the probability of heads or tails is based on the height of the drop which determines whether the coin flips an even or odd number of times during descent.

scholarly journals Safe Helicopter Landing on Unprepared Terrain Using Onboard Interferometric Radar

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel E. Shimkin ◽  
Alexander I. Baskakov ◽  
Aleksey A. Komarov ◽  
Min-Ho Ka
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Interferometric Method ◽  
Potential Accuracy ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Helicopter Landing ◽  
Survey System ◽  
High Degree

This letter proposes a radar interferometric survey system for the ground surface of helicopter landing sites. This system generates high-quality three-dimensional terrain surface topography data and estimates the slope of the site with the required accuracy. This study presents the processing algorithms of the radar system for safe helicopter landing using an interferometric method and also demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed approach based on computer simulation results. The results of the calculated potential accuracy characteristics of such a system are presented, as well as one of the variants of the algorithmic implementation of a simulation computer model implemented on MATLAB. Visual results of modeling using an example of a helicopter landing on a non-uniform surface relief similar to a real case are shown. The study focuses on the simulation of a unique on-board radar system, which allows helicopters to land on an unprepared site with a high degree of safety, having previously determined the presence of dangerous irregularities, inclines, foreign objects, and mechanisms on the site.

scholarly journals PLC-Integrated Sensing Technology in Mountain Regions for Drone Landing Sites: Focusing on Software Technology

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ho Huh
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Very High

In the Republic of Korea, one of the most widely discussed subjects related to future logistics technology is the drone-based delivery (transportation) system. Much (around 75%) of Korea’s territory consists of mountainous areas; however, the costs of installing internet facilities for drone landing sites are very high compared to other countries. Therefore, this paper proposes the power-line communication (PLC) system introduced in the author’s previous study as an alternative solution. For the system design, a number of lightning rods are used together with a monitoring system. The system algorithm performs substantial data analysis. Also, as the author found that instantaneous high-voltage currents were a major cause of fire incidents, a three-phase three-wire connection was used for the installation of the lightning rods (Bipolar Conventional Air Terminal). Thus, based on the PLC technology, an artificial intelligence (AI) which avoids lightning strikes at the drone landing site by interworking with a closed-circuit television (CCTV) monitoring system when a drone flies over the mountain regions is proposed in this paper. The algorithm was implemented with C++ and Unity/C#, whereas the application for the part concerning the integrated sensing was developed with Java Android.

scholarly journals A Computational Framework for Flood Risk Assessment in The Netherlands

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Markus ◽  
W.M.G. Courage ◽  
M.C.L.M. van Mierlo
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
River System ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Real Time Operation ◽  
The Individual

The safety of dikes in The Netherlands, located in the delta of the rivers Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt, has been the subject of debate for more than ten years. The safety (or flood risk) of a particular area may depend on the safety of other areas. This is referred to as effects of river system behaviour on flood risk (quantified as the estimated number of casualties and economic damage). A computational framework was developed to assess these effects. It consists of several components that are loosely coupled via data files and Tcl scripts to manage the individual programs and keep track of the state of the computations. The computations involved are lengthy (days or even weeks on a Linux cluster), which makes the framework currently more suitable for planning and design than for real-time operation. While the framework was constructedad hoc, it can also be viewed more formally as atuplespaceRealising this makes it possible to adopt the philosophy for other similar frameworks.

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